1.
Evaluation Of Effect Of Zinc And Protexin Supplementation Alone And In Combination On The Electrophysiological Indices Of Jejunal Mucosa Of Beoilers Reared Under Cyclic Heat Stress
by Rabia khalid (2015-VA-414) | Dr. Sajid Khan Tahir | Dr. Imtiyaz Rabbani | Miss. Amina Chughtai.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: CD Crupt Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2782-T] (1).
2.
Effects Of Probiotic And Phytase Supplemention On serum Proteins Liver Enzymes And Thyroid Hormones Level In Japanese Quails
by Chanda Naseem (2015-VA-413) | Dr. Sajid Khan Tahir | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani | Miss. Amina Chughtai.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Cd Crupt Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2781-T] (1).
3.
Effects Of Supplementation Of Zinc Sulphate And Lactobacillus Based Probiotic On Oxidative Status And Liver Health In Broilers
by Wishah Bilal (2015-VA-04) | Dr. Sajid Khan Tahir | Prof. Dr. Habib ur Rehman | Dr. Sanaullah Iqbal.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Zinc is considered as one of the essential nutrients as well as a dietary supplement required for animal metabolism. Use of probiotics enhances mucosal immunity of intestine i.e. it prevents the mucosa against the toxins formed by pathogenic microorganisms. Combined effect of zinc and probiotics may show a better response than their single effect on the oxidative status, biochemical profile and thyroid hormones in broilers. Our research was aimed to determine the single as well as combined effects of zinc and probiotic on oxidative status, liver enzymes, serum glucose, total serum proteins, thyroid hormones, urea, uric acid and creatinine levels in broilers.
A total of 192 day old broiler chicks were randomly selected and divided into six groups: Control, Zn30 (30mg Zn/ kg diet), Zn60 (60mg Zn/ kg diet), Pro (0.1g/ kg Protexin®), Com30 (30mg Zn/ kg diet + 0.1g/ kg Protexin®) and Com60 (60mg Zn/ kg diet + 0.1g/ kg Protexin®). Birds were raised under standard management conditions and were given free access to feed and water for a period of 42 days. For biochemical analysis, blood was collected in falcon tubes after slaughtering. For serum separation, blood was centrifuged at 1500 rpm for 10 min and stored at ˗20˚C. The parameters that were studied included: serum catalase, MDA, glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, ALT, AST, T3, T4, urea, uric acid and creatinine. Data was analyzed by applying one-way ANOVA using SPSS. Group differences were compared by Duncan Multiple Range Test and were considered significant at P<0.05.
According to our study catalase activity was found significantly lower (P<0.05) and MDA level was found significantly higher (P<0.05) in the control group as compared to the supplemented groups. The birds fed with a combination of zinc (60 mg/kg) and protexin showed highest (P<0.05) catalase activity and lowest (P<0.05) MDA level in comparison to other supplemented groups. A significant increase (P<0.05) in serum proteins was obseved with all the supplementations in comparison to the control group. Only the combination of zinc (30 mg/kg) and protexin did not show the expected result. In our research we found that protexin significantly increased (P<0.05) serum T3 level as compared to other supplemented groups while zinc (30 mg/kg) showed significantly lower (P<0.05) serum T3 level than the control group. On the other hand, serum T4 concentration significantly increased (P<0.05) with both zinc (60 mg/kg diet) and its combination with protexin. Our research depicted that combination of zinc (60mg/kg diet) and protexin significantly increased (P<0.05) urea while both the combinations showed significantly increased (P<0.05) uric acid and (P<0.05) decreased creatinine concentrations in serum. There was no significant (P<0.05) change in serum glucose, ALT and AST concentrations in birds given zinc and probiotic supplementations.
It can be concluded that protexin and zinc supplementations are beneficial in improving biochemical parameters of broilers, yet their synergistic effects need to be studied further.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2802-T] (1).
4.
Effect Of Supplementation Of Probiotic And Phytase Alone And In Combination On The Oxidative Status And Serum Lipid Profile In Japanese Quails
by Mubarka Bano (2015-VA-590) | Dr. Sajid Khan Tahir | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Dr. Sanaullah Iqbal.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Phytase is an enzyme that releases phosphorous from phytate molecule improving the bioavailability of dietary nutrients. Also improves the oxidative status and lower’s serum cholesterol level. Probiotics are live microorganisms given in the diet as a growth promoter. They effect serum lipid profile as well as act as antioxidant. The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of probiotic and bacterial phytase alone and in combination on serum lipid profile and oxidant and anti-oxidant status of blood, muscle and tissue in Japanese quails.
Two hundred one day old quail chicks were randomly divided into four groups (n=5) with five replicates (n=10). Group-I was fed only basal diet (BD) and named as control group, Group-II was given BD + 0.1% Bacillus cereus. Group-III was given BD+ 0.01% microbial phytase; Group IV was given BD + 0.01% phytase + 0.1% probiotic. On day 28, two birds from each replicate were slaughtered for blood and tissue collection. The parameters to be studied were oxidant and anti-oxidant level in whole blood, muscle and tissue (liver and kidney), Serum lipid profile (TC, TG, HDL and LDL).
Serum total cholesterol concentration was not affected by supplementation. However triglyceride and high density lipoprotein in serum were significantly (P<0.05) affected. Our supplementation causes reduction in triglycerides and increase in high density lipoprotein.
The activity of MDA and catalase in serum and liver tissue was affected significantly (P<0.05), MDA level was reduced and catalase level was increased by supplementation. However our supplementation remained ineffective in muscle MDA and catalase.
Data were presented as mean ± SEM and analyzed by one way-ANOVA technique using SPSS. Group differences were compared using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at P<0.05.
The present study concluded that probiotic and phytase had shown beneficial effect on lipid profile and oxidative status in Japanese quails. However their synergistic effect was more effective.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2842-T] (1).
5.
Effects Of Zinc And Protexin Co-Supplementation On Redox Status And Thyroid Hormonal Profile In Heat Stressed Broilers
by Ayesha Siddiqa (2015-VA-442) | Dr. Sajid Khan Tahir | Prof. Dr. Habib ur Rehman | Ms. Amina Chughtai.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Zinc is an essential trace mineral crucial to growth, enzyme systems, immunity, reproduction and antioxidant defense system as a co-factor to Superoxide Dismutase enzyme. Probiotics are well known for improving digestion and utilization of nutrients and minerals by producing digestive enzymes and volatile fatty acids and alleviating heat stress through stabilization of normal microflora disrupted under heat stress. Our study investigated the individual as well as synergistic effects of Zinc and Protexin, on redox status, thyroid hormones and liver enzymes in broilers reared under cyclic heat stress as no literature was documented so far on the given subject as far as our discretion goes.
Our experimental trial included 224 d-old broilers randomly segregated into seven groups of eight replicates each. Group A (TN control) was fed basal diet (BD) only, Group B (HS) was given BD and exposed to 35 ± 1.1°C; 75 ± 5% RH heat stress whereas the remaining groups C, D, E, F and G were given diets supplemented with 30mg ZnSO4/kg BD, 60mg ZnSO4/kg BD, 0.1g Protexin®/kg BD, 30mg/Kg feed ZnSO4 + 0.1g/Kg feed Protexin®, 60mg/Kg feed ZnSO4 + 0.1g/Kg feed Protexin® respectively along with 8 hourly cyclic heat stress (35 ± 1.1°C; 75 ± 5% RH). Two birds per replicate were slaughtered at the end of trial to collect whole blood, serum, pectoralis muscle and liver tissue for biochemical analyses.
Results showed that heat stress caused significant (p<0.05) elevation in whole blood, serum, muscle and liver MDA levels in heat stress (HS) group. Serum AST, ALT, Glucose, Urea and Uric acid were also significantly (p<0.05) raised in the HS group. Catalase activity was significantly (p<0.05) increased in whole blood, serum and liver of birds belonging to HS group and in pectoralis muscle of birds in Com60 group. Moreover, serum T3 was significantly (p<0.05) reduced in the HS group. All dietary supplementations significantly (p<0.05) reduced MDA levels (whole blood, serum, muscle and tissue), serum AST and ALT and significantly (p<0.05) increased serum T3 concentration. Broilers supplemented with combination of ZnSO4 (30mg/kg diet) and Protexin (0.1g/kg diet) exhibited lowest MDA, AST, ALT, Urea, Uric acid and Glucose concentrations compared to other diets. No significant changes were observed in serum T4 and Creatinine concentrations.
Based on our findings, it can be concluded that dietary supplementation of Zinc or Protexin either alone or specifically combined can effectively attenuate adverse effects of heat stress and can be safely incorporated as a novel supplement in broilers’ feed to reduce lipid per oxidation however further studies are recommended in order to elucidate and confirm our results.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2841-T] (1).
6.
Evaluating The Efects Of Prebiotics In Rehabilitation Of Gut Microbiota After Antibiotic (Cephalexin) In Rats
by Rabia Omer (2011-VA-512) | Dr. SanaullahIqbal | Mr. Muhammad Amir Iqbal | Dr. Sajid khan Tahir.
Material type: Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Antibiotics are widely used to kill pathogenic bacteria that have adverse effects on human health. It has been seen that these kind of drugs causes imbalance of microbes because these are not only target the pathogens but also suppressing the growth of beneficial bacteria. Beneficial bacteria such as bifidobacteria and lactobacilli species conquer many benefits for human health. That’s why there is a need to rehabilitate these valuable microorganisms. The worthwhile approach in this regard is the use of galacto-oligosaccharides(GOS).
Adult male Wistar rats (n= 24) were used in present study. Rats were divided into 4 groups having 6 rats in each group. Group G1 was a control normal that was fed on a basal diet. Group G2 was treated with an antibiotic cephalexin for five days. Moreover, Group G3 wasgiven GOS as well as antibiotic. In Group G4, firstly antibiotic was given for specific duration and after that GOS was given for the rest period of time. The fecal sample were collected from rats with time interval of 0, 5 , 10 and 15day of antibiotic therapy or treatment and were analyzed for bacterial population especially Bifidobacteria, Lactobacilli, E. coli and total plate count using selective media.
The results of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli of group 3 were significantly same with group 1 at 15th day and were notably higher from group 1 at 20th day. In addition the beneficial species in group 2 were decreased at 5th day that significantly different with group 1 and didn’t recover till at 20th day. The colonies of E. coli in various groupswere different at various time intervals. Moreover the results of TPC were based on the treatments. It was significantly higher in group 3 that was given antibiotic with prebiotics while it was significantly lower in group 2 as compared to normal.The data were analyzed using One way Analysis of variance (ANOVA). The group differences were compared by the Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Differences were considered significant at P < 0.05.
This study helped to turn down the side effects of antibiotic as well as maintain the normal micro-flora by rehabilitate the beneficial species such as bifidobacteria and lactobacilli and also suppressing the growth of harmful pathogens e.g. E. coli
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2859-T] (1).
7.
In Vitro Study Of The Effect Of Camphor On Electrophysiological Indices Of Isolated Omasum Epithelium In Calves
by Uzma Yousaf (2015-VA-23) | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani | Dr. Sajid Khan Tahir | Dr. Sana Ullah Iqbal.
Material type: Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Agriculture is a backbone of Pakistan and livestock. Omasum is the third part in ruminant’s forestomach which absorbs the fluid.The endproduct of protein metabolism is ammonia and present NH4+ in ruminants and its reabsorption linked by non-selective cation channels.Addition of cation channel modulators such as camphor to diet can enhance absorption of nitrogen in the omasum. As it is suggest that ammonia transport is enhanced by essential oils. The purpose of this study is addition of camphor on isolated omasum epithelium of calves because electrophysiological changes primarily linked to the ammonia transport through activation of non-selective cation channels.Camphor may enhance short circuit currentand ammonia uptake inomasum epithelium of calves.
Ten calves of uniform weight and age were slaughtered in a local slaughter house.Omasum will be removed from the abdominal cavity and cleaned in a standard transport buffer solution. Serosal layer of omasum were removed and mounted in the” ussing chamber”. Omasum epithelium after 20 minutes replaced with ammonia containing buffer solution and changes in bioelectric parameters were observed. Camphor in concentration of 1mM wasadded to mucosal side and electrophysiological parameters like Isc and Gt were observed. Moreover, pH of serosal side waschecked after camphor treatment at time intervals 20, 60 and 90 minutes respectively to assess ammonia transport.
Camphor affected the electrophysiology of isolated omasum epithelium of calves by increasing short circuit current due to increase in ammonia concentrations in the omasum.
Camphoraddition in 40mM NH4Cl containing solution significantly increased current (p < 0.05). ΔIsc was also significant between the groups containing 10 and 40mM NH4Cl containing solution. Change in potential difference was non significant after addition of camphor in both groups. Conductance increased significantly by increasing concentration of ammonia.Data were analyzed by using completely randomized ANOVA followed by post-hoc test used (p<0.05).
Camphor treatment affects the electrophysiological indices of isolated omasal epithelium of calves and enhances ammonium transport across omasal epithelium increasing recycling of nitrogen. This may lead to efficient protein utilization by the animals.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2839-T] (1).
8.
In-Vitro Effect Of Chromium Chloride On The Electrophysiological Indices Of Jejunum In Broilers.
by Maria Khalid Majeed (2014-VA-961) | Prof. Dr. Habib ur Rehman | Dr. Sajid Khan Tahir | Dr. Wasim Shehzad.
Material type: Publisher: 2017Dissertation note:
Chromium is a well-known component of glucose tolerance factor, which participates in glucose metabolism by enhancing the effects of insulin. The Ussing chamber is a very powerful technique to study ion transport across tissues. This study is to determine the effect of chromium chloride hexahydrate on electrophysiology of jejunum and its interaction with glucose transport.
According the background we concluded the hypothesis i-e Chromium chloride may enhance the glucose transport in jejunum mucosa of the broilers. To approach this hypothesis, we performed an experiment into different groups. In overall experiment, we take Twelve broilers of 35 days of age was procured from local farm. After a week, birds were slaughtered; jejunum section of the birds were isolated then stripped off serosal layer. Each segment of the intestine was mounted and labelled on ussing chamber separately with groups viz, Group1 (0μM, control), Group2 (5μM CrCl3), Group3 (10μM CrCl3). After baseline, add CrCl3 to the mucosal side of UC and note the reaction. Then Add glucose after incubation period. The peak response obtained within 2-3 mins. Then the change in Isc (ΔIsc) was calculated approximately after addition of CrCl3 and glucose. The PD, Isc, and Gt were measured by voltage/current clamp. The data was analysed using one-way ANOVA and was presented as mean±SEM. Group differences were compared by Duncan multiple range Test (P<0.05). The current study showed that there are no significant differences shown in initial short circuit current and ▲Isc and tissue conductance before and after adding the chemicals. In conclusion, it is hoped that results presented in the current research would open avenues for further discussion and more concerted investigations into each of the area covered. More specifically, there are no previous research reports on the in vitro effect of chromium chloride hexahydrate in poultry. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2869-T] (1).
9.
Assessment Of Nutritional Supplements Intake Among Females Excercising In Various Gyms Of Lahore
by Sana Azher (2015-VA-808) | Haroon Jamshid Qazi | Dr.SanauallahIqbal | Dr. Sajid khan Tahir.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Diet, exercise, body composition, and weight management play important role in an active person's life and performance. People without having knowledge about the importance of balance diet and their needs use nutritional supplements to improve their health status. Lack of knowledge regarding the importance of balanced diet, have negative impact on food choices, which is also the main reason of increasing trend of consuming nutritional supplements all over the world in all age groups.
Results of the current study showed that most individuals who used supplements were young, unhealthy, rated their eating habits as bad or average, exercised regularly three to five times a week for 1 to 2 hours daily, and had the main goal of weight management, improved performance and avoiding a sedentary lifestyle. The use of supplement may be highly associated with people who have poor or average food intake or in those individuals who mostly skip their meal on regular basis. In gyms and fitness clubs female’s participants, with higher percentage 46% were consuming supplements. Subjects included in this study, use supplements with many reasons such as for weight gain or loss, strengthen muscle mass, improving physical appearance, recover nutritional deficiencies, or to reduce stress etc. Half of the user consumes supplements from 1-3months, only 14% consume over 1 year. Most of them were consuming supplements in tablets and gel capsule form, and obtained desired response with their use. Most of the subjects were consuming different type of supplements without having knowledge, regarding its use, dosage and safety. Also, (24%) individual said that the use of supplements caused no side effects. However, 43% reported some problems such as dizziness, nausea, or some impact on the skin problems.
Purchasing or availability of these products are done through various sources i.e. Internet, pharmacy, coaches, gym instructors, magazines, peer influence. It is also evaluated that in many gyms and fitness centers of Lahore city, there is no availability of any professional guider or instructor. Significant number of participants 32.8% did not know about the qualification of their gym instructor. Most of gyms have coaches, instructor, trainers, professional guiders have their education at matric or graduates level, only 4 % have nutritionist. However, gyms included in this study, may need to have qualified health professionals such as nutritionists, dietitian, qualified instructor, or physician which have all knowledge related to supplement quality, quantity, safety and its use, also provide accurate information about supplements and assist members to be aware of both positive as well as adverse health effects of dietary supplements.
In order to provide more comprehensive nutrition services to exercisers here are some recommendations:
1. Provision of healthy well balanced diet and considering needs of nutrients will be encouraged.
2. Further studies should be conducted in neighboring areas of Lahore and other cities of Pakistan as well as to assess intake of supplements among male exercisers and general population as well.
3. Supplements intake among gym participants according to one’s need should be administered with the help of dietitian and other allied health professionals.
4. There is a need of nutrition education and public health knowledge among general population.
5. Policy should develop in cooperation with multidiscipline, doctors, dietitians, and experts.
6. Non-Governmental organization (NGOs) and Governmental must contribute in establishing a research and consensus regarding safe intake of nutritional supplements.
7. At gym there should be availability of professional guider, instructor or coaches should be provided for exercisers.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2885-T] (1).
10.
Assessment Of Dietary, Food Concept And Lifestyle Practices Among Adults With Diabetes Mellitus
by Hina IQbal (2015-VA-831) | Dr. Azmat Ullah Khan | Mr. Haroon Jamshid Qazi | Dr. Sajid khan Tahir.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Diabetes mellitus is among the top five global risks for mortality and comorbidity that could have long term impact on quality of life. However, the knowledge, practices, assessment of dietary patterns, food concepts, and healthy lifestyles in many diabetic patients has been inadequate. Many countries are trying to evaluate the factors that are understood best among the general population for a diabetic patientand the concern of the diabetic patients itself. Thus, there is need to arrangelarge-scale awareness programs for general public and use media to spread the message which could change the attitude of our public in the future. It was a cross-sectional study based on dietary lifestyle practices and food concepts among adults with diabetes mellitus. Data were collected by using structured questionnaire amongst 3400 type-2 diabetic patients from different government hospitals of Lahore, Pakistan. The methods of data collection comprised of personal interview from the patients and a standardized, semi structured, and interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtained information on the socio-demographic individuality of the study participants, dietary patterns, lifestyle practices and prevalence of different food concepts among people with diabetes. Appropriate statistical test and description was used for presentation of results. It was found that gender, education, profession strongly contribute in the dietary pattern, life style and knowledge about the diabetes. Hence these factors should give more importance if we want to improve the quality of life of population by removing the threat of diabetes mellitus. Moreover, it was noted that many people are not aware of the practice to be followed in the diet when they come to care about the diabetic personnel. The prevalence of poor dietary practice was observed in more than fifty percent of the patients; it is therefore a major public health problem. More important factors that can determine the improvement in the patients was their dietary pattern. It was noted that food concepts were not clear among the respondents for the diabetes. The most important factors were female gender, low education and profession. Not getting diabetic nutrition education at hospitals, being despondency, difficulty of choosing relevant foods for their specific health problems, non-availability of fruits and vegetables, and thinking about the high cost of foods were important factors affecting dietary practices of type 2 diabetic patients. Finally, we would like to recommend to the health practitioners to give more attention to diabetic patients. Nutrition education programs in hospitals along with these different campaigns should be run as per the profession and education of the audience. It was also found that duration of the diabetes did not contributed on the knowledge about the food concepts and diabetes awareness. Hence, this factor is not important that how long the patients has been suffering from the diabetes mellitus. It is recommended based on finding to increase education by sensitizing the nutritionist and to educate the people of all professions. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2917-T] (1).
11.
Effect Of Catharanthus Roseus On Chloride Secretion In Isolated Colon Epithelium Of Rabbit
by Zunera Nouman (2015-VA-01) | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani | Dr. Sajid Khan Tahir | Mr. Hammad Saleem.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Diarrheal diseases are one of the top two causes of infant mortality (Levine et al. 2012). classified as invasive, non-inflammatory and inflammatory depending upon the pathogens (Navaneethan et al. 2008). It leads to dehydration (Seti 2014), causes weight loss, malnutrition and effects growth (Guerrant et al. 1983). Chloride ions play a major role in the regulation of fluid secretion of intestine. When chloride ions are increased in excess they cause secretory diarrhea (Barrett et al. 2000). Antibiotics are widely used for diarrheal treatment however, their use disturb the native microbiota of GIT (Khanna et al. 2016) and results in Antibiotic Associated Diarrhea (AAD) (McFarland 2008). Herbal preparations are considered to have less side effects than the synthetic drugs (Calixto 2000). They are preferred for their low cost (Modak et al. 2007).
Catharanthus roseus also known as Madagascar periwinkle is a medicinal plant. It belongs to family Apocynaceae. It contains 70 types of alkaloids (Summarwar et al. 2015). The crude extract of its leaves has antimicrobial and antifungal properties (Balaabirami et al. 2012), it also shows antidiarrheal activity (Hassan et al. 2011). Barium chloride (BaCl2) was used as a model to mimic Cl secretory diarrhea in our research. Ussing chamber set up was used to study in vitro chloride transport.
Total 40 adult rabbits weighing more than 1 kg were used in our study. The tissues were obtained by dissecting the rabbits. The colon was identified and removed. The groups were divided into four groups. Group A served as control. Group B was 20mM of BaCl2 on serosal side. Group C was treated with leaf extract of Catharanthus roseus on mucosal side, while Group D was treated with both, BaCl2 (20mM) on serosal and 1.5% 1ml extract of Catharanthus roseus on mucosal side.
Statistical analysis was conducted with Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS). The data was analyzed using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The group differences were compared by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Differences were considered significant at P<0.05.
BaCl2 increased net chloride secretions that elevated short circuit current. Catharanthus roseus affected the electrophysiology of isolated colon of rabbits by decreasing the short circuit current which was induced by the BaCl2. The decrease of current between the groups is significant (p value < 0.05). Conductance increased significantly after the addition of BaCl2 and Catharanthus roseus (P < 0.05).
This study will be helpful in establishing the role of Catharanthus roseus as a potential antidiarrheal agent in secretory diarrhea.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2954-T] (1).
12.
Effect Of Catharanthus Roseus On Chloride Secretion In Isolated Colon Epithelium Of Rabbit
by Zunera Nouman (2015-VA-01) | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani | Dr. Sajid Khan Tahir | Mr. Hammad Saleem.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note:
Diarrheal diseases are one of the top two causes of infant mortality (Levine et al. 2012). classified as invasive, non-inflammatory and inflammatory depending upon the pathogens (Navaneethan et al. 2008). It leads to dehydration (Seti 2014), causes weight loss, malnutrition and effects growth (Guerrant et al. 1983). Chloride ions play a major role in the regulation of fluid secretion of intestine. When chloride ions are increased in excess they cause secretory diarrhea (Barrett et al. 2000). Antibiotics are widely used for diarrheal treatment however, their use disturb the native microbiota of GIT (Khanna et al. 2016) and results in Antibiotic Associated Diarrhea (AAD) (McFarland 2008). Herbal preparations are considered to have less side effects than the synthetic drugs (Calixto 2000). They are preferred for their low cost (Modak et al. 2007).
Catharanthus roseus also known as Madagascar periwinkle is a medicinal plant. It belongs to family Apocynaceae. It contains 70 types of alkaloids (Summarwar et al. 2015). The crude extract of its leaves has antimicrobial and antifungal properties (Balaabirami et al. 2012), it also shows antidiarrheal activity (Hassan et al. 2011). Barium chloride (BaCl2) was used as a model to mimic Cl secretory diarrhea in our research. Ussing chamber set up was used to study in vitro chloride transport.
Total 40 adult rabbits weighing more than 1 kg were used in our study. The tissues were obtained by dissecting the rabbits. The colon was identified and removed. The groups were divided into four groups. Group A served as control. Group B was 20mM of BaCl2 on serosal side. Group C was treated with leaf extract of Catharanthus roseus on mucosal side, while Group D was treated with both, BaCl2 (20mM) on serosal and 1.5% 1ml extract of Catharanthus roseus on mucosal side.
Statistical analysis was conducted with Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS). The data was analyzed using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The group differences were compared by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Differences were considered significant at P<0.05.
BaCl2 increased net chloride secretions that elevated short circuit current. Catharanthus roseus affected the electrophysiology of isolated colon of rabbits by decreasing the short circuit current which was induced by the BaCl2. The decrease of current between the groups is significant (p value < 0.05). Conductance increased significantly after the addition of BaCl2 and Catharanthus roseus (P < 0.05).
This study will be helpful in establishing the role of Catharanthus roseus as a potential antidiarrheal agent in secretory diarrhea.
Availability: No items available
