1.
Effect Of Various Dietary Antibiotics On The Performance On Broiler Chicks
by Ishaque, M | Dr. Nisar Ahmad | Dr. Ashfaq | Mr. Shahid Abbas.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: A research study was conducted to find out the effect of virginiamycin, oxytetracycline and Furazolidone as a growth promoter in broiler rations.
Two hundred and forty day old broiler chicks were divided into four groups of 60 chicks each. Each group was further subdivided into three replicates of 20 chicks each.
Two experimental rations (starter and finisher) were prepared and fed to experimental chicks upto 50 days of age.
Virginiamycine, oxytetracycline and Furazolidone were mixed to experimental rations at the level of 10 mg/kg feed. The effects of these additives on weight gain, feed consumption, feed efficiency, mortality, weights of internal organs and residual effect on meat were recorded.
Feed and water were given libitum. Continuous light was provided for 24 hours.
The results revealed non-significant differences among weight gain, feed consumption and feed efficiency of the chicks fed on starter ration.
However the results obtained from 29-50 days showed significant difference (P <0.05) in weight gain, feed consumption and feed efficiency. The best weight gain was obtained with oxytetracycline supplementation followed by virginiamycine, furazolidone and the controlled group. Maximum feed was consumed by the birds fed on control ration. The best feed efficiency was noticed with birds fed on ration supplemented with oxytetracycline.
The results obtained from 0-50 days showed highly significant difference (P < 0.01) in weight gaiu of the birds. Feed consumption and feed efficiency also showed significant difference (P<0.05).
The maximum weight gain was noticed with birds fed on oxytetracycline supplementation followed by virginiamycine and furazolidone supplementation, while the least weight gain was shown by the birds fed on control ration.
Maximum feed was consumed by the birds fed on control ration and the least feed consumption was observed with birds fed on oxytetracycline supplementation followed by virginiamycine and furazolidone. The poor feed efficiency was observed with the birds fed on control ration.
Dressing percentage and weight of internal organs showed statistically non-significant.
The residual effect of antibiotics was not found in the chicken meat.
From the present study it was concluded that the addition of antibiotics in the broiler rations proved economical as compared to control.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0456,T] (1).
2.
Comparative Study Of Growth Rate And Feed Efficiency Of Buffalo And Sahiwal Cattle On Concentrate Ratios
by Ehsan Mohsin | Prof.Dr.Talat Naseer Pasha | Dr. Nisar Ahmad Mian | Mr. Shahid.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1996Dissertation note: There has been a gradual decline fn per capita availability of proteinous food particularly of animals origin for human consumption in our country. The feasible solution of the problem of meat shortage is to increase the production of meat by fattening the male buffalo calves which are available in the country. These are sold at lower rate when they are weaned. These calves can be fattened by using the rations containing wheat-straw and concentrate mixture available in the country. There is an increased competition between animal and human being for consumption of cereal grains and at the same time there is scarcity of green fodder in different areas of the country. Moreover, there are high prices of conventional energy sources in the country which limits there use in animal feeding. The present experiment was planned to determine the growth rate and feed efficiency of Sahiwal and buffalo male calves fed on different fiber (wheat straw) and concentrate ratios.
A fattening trial was conducted on four groups of 20 Sahiwal and 20 Nih Ravi buffalo male calves, having 10 calves in each group of buffalo and Sahiwal calves, fed on two different rations (A and B). The experiment was continued for 90 days. Feed consumption, weight gain, feed efficiency and economic evaluation of the rations and effect of ambient temperature and relative humidity on the performance of the calves were the parameters under study.
The results of the study revealed significant difference in weight gain and non-significant differences in feed consumption and feed efficiency. The non-significant difference for factor A and interaction but significant difference for factor B was observed during economic evaluation of the rations. The ration (with 40% wheat-straw and 60% concentrate mixture) was most economical as compare to ration A (with 20% wheat-straw and 80% concentrate mixture) in fattening, of Sahiwal and buffalo male calves.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0481,T] (1).
3.
Effect Of Different Levels Of Formaldehyde And Heat Treatment On In Situ Degradation Of Different Vegetable
by Faran Hameed | Prof.Dr.Talat Naseer Pasha | dr. Nisar Ahmad Mian | Mr. Shahid.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: Protein is one of the most expensive constituents of the ruminant's diet. Under many feeding regimes most of the dietary protein fed to ruminants undergoes extensive modification due to microbial activity in the rumen and the nitrogen used in the synthesis of microbial protein. Consequently, nitrogenous compound with low biological values are upgraded. Conversely a protein having a high availability and biological value in the non-ruminant may be altered in the rumen to lower availability and biological value, or both. (Peter et al. 1971).
The rumen micro-organisms cannot synthesize enough protein to support high level of milk production in lactating cow. Good quality dietary proteins, therefore, should be protected from rumen degradation to improve its bypass value. Different methods have been used to overcome the degradation of protein in the rumen. Of which the two methods i.e. treatment of protein with "Heat" and "Aldehydes" are widely used.
The present study was conducted to determine the bypass values of different vegetable protein meals for ruminants using nylon bag technique on fistulated male buffalo calf. The protein sources were subjected to heating through autoclaving and treated with formaldehyde at various levels. To evaluate their effects, the in situ protein degradation was determined.
It was found that 24 hours incubation in the rumen was the optimum time for digestion of all vegetable protein meals. The data was subjected to statistical analysis only at 24 hours incubation time. Both autoclaving and formaldehyde had significant effect in protecting proteins from rumen degradation of all vegetable protein meals.
Maximum bypass protein value i.e. 97.09 percent of maize gluten meal (60%) was achieved at 1 percent fonnaldehyde treatment as compared with control i.e. 66.82 percent. It was concluded that formaldehyde treatment at 0.5 percent level was better and economical for maximum protein protection of maize gluten meal (60%).The autoclaving treatment of maize gluten meal (60%) for 30 minutes may be considered to be optimum for protein protection. By comparing two treatments it was also concluded that formaldehyde treatment is more effective and economical as compared to autoclaving in case of maize gluten meal (60%).
The bypass protein value of rapeseed meal was observed to be 19.62 percent. The maximum protein protection was observed i.e. 78.0 percent unit increase in bypass protein value at 1.5 percent formalin treatment and this level was found to be the best. Sixty minutes autoclaving of rapeseed meal could be considered the best. While comparing both treatments, formaldehyde treatment was found better than autoclaving.
Maximum rumen undegradable protein (RUP) value of sunflower meal i.e. 79.25 percent was observed at 1.5 percent formalin treatment as compared to control i.e. 7.15 percent. It was recommended that formaldehyde treatment at 0.5 percent level was better and economical for achieving higher RUP value. It could be concluded that autoclaving treatment of sunflower meal for 45 minutes was effective and economical for protein protection. While formalin treatment was noted to be better than autoclaving.
Maximum protected protein value of cottonseed meal was noted to be 50.59 percent at 1 percent formalin treatment as compared to untreated i.e. 20.60 percent. It may be advised that formalin treatment at 0.5 percent of cottonseed meal was optimum and economical to achieve maximum protected protein value. Autoclaving treatment for 60 minutes of cottonseed meal was the best in protecting protein from rumen degradation. It was evident that autoclaving treatment was better than formalin treatment in case of cottonseed meal.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0562,T] (1).
4.
Effect Of Different Solvent Extraction Systems On Free Gossypol And Available Lysine Of Cottonseed Meal
by Ghulam Mustafa | Prof.Dr.Talat Naseer Pasha | Dr. Nisar Ahmad Mian | Mr. Shahid.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: Cottonseed not only provides fiber for domestic textile industry and export (Anonymous, 1996) but also accounts for about 60% vegetable oil (Anonymous,1990). It is also a source of protein- rich meal for poultry which is abundantly available in Pakistan. About 140 Kgs. of cottonseed meats of cotton variety "NIAB-78". were purchased from a solvent extraction plant "TransTech"(Pvt.) Ltd. Multan Road Pattoki. The meats were kept in sunlight for one day and were again cleaned. Then the cottonseed kernels were passed through hammer mill for grinding through 12 mesh size. The ground kernels were divided into five equal parts weighing 28 kgs each for individual treatment. Its inclusion level in poultry diet can be Increased by detoxifying the limiting factor with different solvents. Keeping in view the effect of mixed solvents in the extraction of oil rendering the free gossypol to its non-toxic level, five different solvents were used as a mixture. Maximum free gossypol was removed/detoxified thus enabling the lysine to be available to the birds. Each part was individually treated with respective solvents for the extraction of maximum oil so as to remove a lot of free gossypol. The rations formulated from these solvent extracted meals were biologically evaluated by feeding to the different groups of birds. At the same time free gossypol content and available lysine percentage of different meals were also determined.
180 day old broiler chicks were divided into 6 groups i.e. A, B, C, D, E, and F. They were fed rations R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6 respectively. Group "A" fed ration "Ri" was kept as control. The present study was designed to know the effects of solvent extraction systems on cottonseed meal and to know the effects of treated cottonseed meal (CSM) on feed consumption, weight gain, FCR, mortality and economics. The experiment was conducted upto 4 weeks of age. The data so obtained were helpful in determining gossy-pol content (free gossypol) and available lysine of solvent extracted meals.
The residual free gossypol content of meal (0.01135%) was minimum in case of fourth treatment including hexane, ethanol, petrol and ferrous sulphate. Similarly maximum lysine (1.279%) was made available in last treatment including hexane, ethanol, petrol, iron sulphate and calcium hydroxide.
It was easy and obvious to conclude from the present study that as the number of solvents increased in the treatment, efficient results of weight gain, feed consumption, FOR and economics were observed. Especially by using more solvents in the treatment, cost of feed was reduced as commercial hexane is more costly as compared to all of the other solvents used in the study.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0624,T] (1).
5.
Effect Of Yuca Saponin On Urease Activity And Development Of Ascites In Broiler Chickens
by Muhammad Sajid Nazir | Prof.Dr.Talat Naseer Pasha | mr. Anjum Khalique | Mr. Shahid.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2001Dissertation note: The study was conducted to determine the effect of commercially available "Norponin 200 Liquid" on urcase activity and development of ascites in broilers. The active ingredient in the product is saponins. Norponin 200 Liquid was mixed in water and offered to broiler chickens. Two commercial broiler rations were prepared. One was broiler starter ration containing 28 10 K cal/kg metabolizable energy and 20 % crude protein. Second was broiler finisher ration with 2900 K cal/kg metabolizable energy and 18.50 % crude protein. Chicks were divided into four groups i.e. A, B, C and D, respectively. Bach group offered different concentrations of Norponin 200 Liquid. Group A acted as control group. There was no mixing of Norponin 200 Liquid in it. Group B was offered 2.5 ml Norponin 200 Liquid/100 liter of drinking water. Group C was offered 5.0 ml of Norponin 200 Liquid/100 liter of drinking water. Group D was offered 7.5 ml of Norponin 200 Liquid) 100 ml of drinking water. Feed and water was offered ad libitum to the chicks. A total of 240 day-old-broiler hubbred chicks were purchased from a local commercial hatchery and were randomly divided into 4 groups having 60 birds in each group. Each group was further subdivided into 6 replicates comprising 10 birds each. Initial body weight was recorded on day first just after the arrival of chicks in brooding room. The body weight, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio were recorded at the end of each week. Urease activity, mortality percentage and economic study of medicine used were determined at the end of experiment. The experiment was completed in 6 weeks. The results of feed consumption indicated that birds fed on same starter and Finisher rations but with different concentrations of Norponin 200 Liquid to different groups i.e. A, B, C and D in drinking water from 0-6 Weeks of age were 3847, 3813, 3831 and 3827 grams, respectively. Rcs.ults showed that birds of group A consumed more feed as compared to other groups.
The weight gain of birds in different groups i.e. A, B, C and D from 0-6 weeks were 1741, 1809, 1857 and 1895 grams, respectively. Results showed that birds in group D gained maximum weight i.e. 1895 grams per bird. The feed conversion ratio from 0-6 weeks of age were 2.20, 2.10, 2.05 and 2.01, respectively. Results showed that better feed conversion ratio was observed in group D, which as offered maximum concentration of Norponin 200 Liquid in drinking water i.e. 7.50 ml/l00 liter of drinking water. Mortality due to ascites was observed only in groups A and B, respectively. In group A, it was 8 % and in group B it was 5 %, respectively.
Urease activity was also observed in all four groups and it was recorded that maximum urease activity was observed in group A (acted as control) and minimum urcase activity was observed in group D (offered maximum concentration of Yucca sapoin)
CONCLUSION:- It was concluded that Norponin 200 Liquid offered at 7.50 ml/100
liter of drinking water gives comparatively bctter results than 2.5 ml! 100 liter, 5.0 ml! 100 liter of drinking water and control groups.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0746,T] (1).
6.
Effect Of Vitamine (Alpha-Tocopherol) Supplementation On Total Lipid Profile In Rabbits
by Aman Ullah | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Dr. Muhammad | Mr. Shahid Abbas | Faculty of Biosciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2005Dissertation note: An experimental trial of forty five days duration was conducted in July and August, 2004 at Physiology Department, Faculty of Bio-Sciences, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore. The study was conducted to see the effect of vitamin E (alpha tocopherol) on total lipid profile in rabbits. Thirty two, 2 months old white rabbits were purchased, weighed and randomly divided into four groups, comprising of eight rabbits each i.e. group A, B, C and D. The rabbits of group A were fed on normal diet and acted as control animasl. The rabbits of group B were also fed on normal diet along with replacement of 2% cholesterol. The objective to add cholesterol is to induced hypercholesterolemia artificially from the beginning of the experiment. They were orally administered cholesterol powder through disposable syringes from start to end of experiment. During the experiment these rabbits were not treated with vitamin E (alpha tocopherol). The rabbits of group C were also fed on normal diet alongwith replacement of 2% cholesterol for first fifteen days of experiment to induced hypercholesterolemia. After the induction of hypercholesterolemia these rabbits were treated with vitamin E at a dose rate of 50 mg/kg body weight. The rabbits of group D were also fed on normal diet alongwith replacement of 2% cholesterol for first fifteen days of experiment to induced hypercholesterolemia. After the induction of hypercholesterolemia these rabbits were treated with vitamin E at a dose rate of 75 mg/kg body weight. The feed for rabbits were prepared and were given with green fodder twice a day. The rabbits were reared in room carpeted with dry forage and dry soil, from the start to the end of the experiment. Standard conditions of feeding, water and temperature were maintained. The rabbits were kept in light for 24 hours throughout the experimental period. Biochemical analysis i.e. serum cholesterol, serum low density lipoprotein (LDL), serum triglycerides (TG) and serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) carried out. It was concluded that vitamin E has significant effect on total lipid profile of hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Vitamin E as an antioxidant can reduce the incidents of atherosclerosis in hypercholeterolemic rabbits and ultimately reducing the risk of heart disease in rabbits as a human model.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0888,T] (1).
7.
Preparation And Evaluation Of Rabbit Anti-Buffalo Immunoglobulin Antibody Peroxidase Conjugate
by Muhammad Babar | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Mr. Shahid Abbas | Prof. Dr | Faculty of Biosciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2005Dissertation note: Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is one of the most sensitive rapid and reliable techniques for diagnosis of infectious diseases. For execution of ELISA, antibody-peroxidase conjugate is the fundamental reagent. Turnip peroxidase was purified from turnips, that includes homogenization, inactivation of catalase, ammonium sulphate precipitation and size exclusion chromatography on Sephadex G-25-80. The purified peroxidase had Rz value of 1.7, total protein 0.9 mg/ml and total enzyme activity 36152 units/liter. The buffalo serum Ig-G was fractionated using 40 percent final concentration of ammonium sulphate followed by anion exchange chromatography. The salt fractionated serum globulins (10 ml) was depleted of its Ig-G in less than 25 minutes on DEAE cellulose packed column followed by suitable elution. The Ig-G solution (1.0 gm/dl) was mixed in four times volume of oil base (Liquid paraffin and emulsifiers). Rabbits were primed and boosted (0.25ml/: subcut) with buffalo Ig-G antigen with 21 days interval. The immune serum was harvested on 21 days post-boosting. The serum contained 2048 agar gel precipitation AGP units and 10,000 ELISA units. Rabbit anti buffalo Ig-G was purified with salt precipitation followed by anion exchange chromatography. The peroxidase was linked with the rabbit anti-buffalo Ig-G using the sodium metaperiodate. The conjugate was titrated against buffalo Ig-G and working dilution for execution of ELISA was 1: 2000.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0926,T] (1).
8.
Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Blood Biochemistry And Immune Response Of Broilers Under Two Rearing Systems Withinthree Different Housing Zones
by Khalid Bilal | Mr. Shahid Mehmood | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Akram.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1647,T] (1).
9.
Prevalence Of Gastrointestinal Nematodes In Chickens Raised Under Different Poultry Production System In Muzaffar Garh Area
by Muhammad Jamil Manzoor Daha (2012-VA-823) | Prof. Dr. Kamran Ashraf | Dr. Nisar Ahmad | Mr. Shahid Abbas.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Poultry industry is the most effective and economical source of animal protein in shortest possible time, but still it is unable to narrow down the animal protein supply and demand gap because of increasing future demands. Roundworms can cause a reduction in growth rate and damage to the intestinal mucosa, leading to blood loss and secondary infection. Heavily infected chickens may show symptoms of weight loss, droopiness, and diarrhea. Economic losses are usually associated with ascarid, Heterakis, and Capillaria, infections because of treatment cost, as well as the reduction in feed efficiency and weight gain as well as drop in egg production.
Fecal samples were collected from poultry birds in different production systems , in and around district Muzaffar Garh and samples were examined by using the direct smear method, flotation technique and simple sedimentation technique. Adult worms load were examined by necropsy of dead birds fortnightly. Post mortem of dead birds during study was examined for presence of nematodes in gastro intestinal tract fortnightly from each enrolled shed in the study. The samples of adult worm found were collected for identification.
During the present study four species of nematodes were identified. Ascardia galli was recovered from the small intestine, Heterakis gallinae and Subulura brumpti from the caecae . The most common gastrointestinal nematode was Ascaridia galli followed by Subulura brumpti and Heterakis gallinae. The present study has indicated that good husbandry techniques and regular deworming practices reflect markedly on the incidence and worm – burden of infected chickens Availability: No items available
10.
Prevalence Of Gastrointestinal Nematodes In Chickens Raised Under Different Poultry Production System In Muzaffar Garh Area
by Muhammad Jamil Manzoor Daha (2012-VA-823) | Prof. Dr. Kamran Ashraf | Dr. Nisar Ahmad | Mr. Shahid Abbas.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Poultry industry is the most effective and economical source of animal protein in shortest possible time, but still it is unable to narrow down the animal protein supply and demand gap because of increasing future demands. Roundworms can cause a reduction in growth rate and damage to the intestinal mucosa, leading to blood loss and secondary infection. Heavily infected chickens may show symptoms of weight loss, droopiness, and diarrhea. Economic losses are usually associated with ascarid, Heterakis, and Capillaria, infections because of treatment cost, as well as the reduction in feed efficiency and weight gain as well as drop in egg production.
Fecal samples were collected from poultry birds in different production systems , in and around district Muzaffar Garh and samples were examined by using the direct smear method, flotation technique and simple sedimentation technique. Adult worms load were examined by necropsy of dead birds fortnightly. Post mortem of dead birds during study was examined for presence of nematodes in gastro intestinal tract fortnightly from each enrolled shed in the study. The samples of adult worm found were collected for identification.
During the present study four species of nematodes were identified. Ascardia galli was recovered from the small intestine, Heterakis gallinae and Subulura brumpti from the caecae . The most common gastrointestinal nematode was Ascaridia galli followed by Subulura brumpti and Heterakis gallinae. The present study has indicated that good husbandry techniques and regular deworming practices reflect markedly on the incidence and worm – burden of infected chickens Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2346-T] (1).
11.
Genetic Polymorphism Of Prss12 Gene Responsible For Cognitive Dysfunction And Its Homology Analysis With Canine
by Hafsa Amjad (2014-VA-776) | Dr. Muhammad Yasir Zahoor | Dr. Muhammad Imran | Mr. Shahid Abass.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Neurotrypsin a multi domain serine protease predominantly expressed in brain is considered to be involved in cognition by the establishment and maintenance of synapses in mammals. Mutations in PRSS12 gene have been reported for cognitive disability in Algerian family.
In present study, DNA of 10 enrolled non-relative cognitive dysfunctioned patients was extracted through organic method. The normal individual samples of siblings and parents of relevant families was also included in this study as control. This amplification exon 7 of PRSS12 was done after designing primer by using Primer3 software. Exons was sequenced by using BigDye Terminator Cycle Sequencing Ready Kit(Perkin Elmer/ABI) and read in automated sequener, ABI Prism model 3730 (Perkin Elmer). No significant mutation was identified in affected individuals.
Computational comparative sequence analysis tools were used for the nucleotide and amino acid sequences to predict the homology in PRSS12 gene among mammals of well-developed cognition. PROSITE domain database search was performed to determine domain organization and Phyre software was used to develop secondary structural features and 3D protein models and ReptroX for multiple sequence alignment of tertiary structures. Using the generated alignments highly conserved regions in primary and secondary structures of neurotrypsin in mammals were identified. Phylogenetic analysis indicated highest similarity of human PRSS12 with non-human primates (chimpanzee, orangutan and monkey) followed by Catecians, Felis, and Canine evolving from the same ancestor. The predicted domain architecture shows the neurotrypsin consisting of kringle domain, four scavenger receptor cysteine-rich
CHAPTER 6
SUMMARY
Summary
68
domains and a serine protease domain named trypsin. Whereas mouse consists of only three scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domain. Prediction and comparison of domains in mammals indicated that primates and catecians protein domains have high similarity with humans. Computational analysis by using animal models can aid in evolutionary studies and. understanding the role of neurotrypsin in cognition. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2498-T] (1).
12.
Development Of Novel Mtdna Metabarcodes For The Species Differentiation Of Class Aves
by Syeda Rida Mehak Sherazi (2010-VA-477) | Dr. Muhammad Imran | Dr. M. Yasir Zahoor | Mr. Shahid Abbas.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: The Folmer COI mtDNA universal primers that are considered standard for DNA barcoding of life contain so many mismatches against the target sequences of vertebrate origin that they often end in failure to amplify many of vertebrate DNA extractions. This discrepancy favors for the selection and designing of new metabarcode primers that can be used to identify all individuals of vertebrates or at least all individuals represented in a class of Vertebrata such as Class Aves. The current study embarks on such an endeavor. In this study development of new mtDNA metabarcode (16SrRNA) that can be used as universal primers to amplify almost all species of Class Aves for different forensic and molecular biodiversity analyses.
Blood/feather/tissue samples were collected from Class Aves (one specimen from every order reported to be present in Pakistan). DNA was extracted from the collected specimens through standard organic method, qualified and quantified and then PCR-amplified using novel universal primers selected from aligned mtDNA sequences originating from all Aves mitochondrial DNA genomes submitted to different online sequence databases such as NCBI nucleotide database. The sensitivity of PCR also be assessed using a range of DNA concentrations. The amplified products were sequenced on ABI Genetic Analyzer following Sanger’s dideoxy method of sequencing. The correctness of obtained mtDNA sequences were examined visually in Chromas Lite 2.1 software and then alignment of these sequences were performed against highly similar DNA sequences in NCBI nucleotide databases using BLAST in order to identify origin of unknown mtDNA sequences. With the help of sequencing and phylogenetic studies specificity of the universal primer set confirmed and presented as a novel metabarcode (16SrRNA) for species level identification of large number of Avian species
In summary, we present universal method for species classification of Aves using a targeted parallel sequencing approach. Both sequencing and phylogenetic studies experiments confirm
Summary
82
specificity of universal primer set. Although promising results were obtained with current settings, rapid improvement of bench top instruments will further develop method with less hands-on, fewer sequencing errors and lower detection limit. So, in future, this barcode can be used for species identification in various fields of study such as meat adulteration, illegal trade, food mislabeling and molecular estimation of biodiversity. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2617-T] (1).
13.
Isolation And Identification Of A Protease Producing Bacteria From The Decaying Plant Material And Investigation Of Its Potential As A Probiotic In Broiler
by Abdul Razzaq (2014-VA-498) | Mr. Shahid Abbas | Dr. Rahat Naseer | Dr.Muhammad Imran.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Biochemistry is gaining ground quickly due to the different preferences that it offers over customary chemical procedures particularly in regards to environment and cost contribution. Now a day’s industrial enzymes speak to the heart of biochemistry forms. Proteases are groups of organic catalysts. They have catalytic function.They hydrolyze peptide obligations of proteins and to separate them into polypeptides or free amino acids. Proteases are universal in nature and found in a wide range of differing qualities of sources, for example, plants, animals and microorganisms. Proteases do different organic procedures. Diverse types of proteases are available, alkaline proteases are a standout amongst the most imperative enzymes. The cost of the strain is a special in enzyme production and their applications in different industrial processes. The imaginative part of the present work was to distinguish and detach alkaline proteases from different organic sources, for example, from soil microorganisms with a reason to have beneficial outcome for hydrolyzing the proteins. The purified strain was checked for their potential part in chicken as a probiotics.
Protease producing bacteria act as probiotic to improve digestion which results in weight gain in broiler. In this research project, bacterial strains were isolated from decaying organic plants and soil samples collected from decaying organic plants of UVAS Lahore, Pakistan. Soil and decaying samples (1.0 g) were mixed in 100 ml normal saline, afterward serially diluted from 10−1 to 10−6 ratio with normal saline. 100 μl of each diluted sample inoculated in cultural medium and incubated at 37 °C for 48 h. The isolated colonies were selected to obtain pure bacterial cultures. Cultures were maintained in nutrient agar slants. Bacilli were isolated and screened from soil samples for production of proteases. The strains were identified morphologically, biochemically and on their molecular basis. The enzyme (protease) activity was assayed according to standard procedures by slight modifications. The strain was grown and fed to chicken as probiotic. The effects of probiotic were tested for growth of chicken. The probiotics improved the intestinal microbial balance and helped broiler in gaining weight. Bacterial stain studied in the current project may be used on commercial scale for promoting or enhancing the growth of broiler chicken.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2717-T] (1).
14.
A Study Of Chicken Gut To Determine The Colonization Of Bacillus Licheniformis And Changes In The Histological Features
by Arooj Tahir (2015-VA-812) | Mr. Shahid Abbas | Dr. Muhammad Imran | Dr. Saif-ur-Rehman Kashif.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: The most important and commonly used source of animal protein in the whole world these days is poultry meat. With the increase in the world population the demand of poultry meat
is also increasing. Universally, for the treatment of infected chicken and for growth promotion,
antibiotic growth promoters are used. But the extensive and long term use of AGPs for growth
promotion and infection treatments has resulted in the survival of resistant bacterial strains that
poses a very drastic threat to both animal and human health. Because of these radical results,
some of the countries have restricted the use of AGP in poultry and are moved on towards the
use of probitics as growth promoters. The most commonly used strain for probiotics is from
genus Bacillus as they have the tendency to survive even in the harsh and industrial conditions.
Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus pumilusare are the ones that are involved in
the spoilage of food and certain medical conditions.
In this study, we considered the effects of probiotics as an alternative of AGP in poultry.
Bacillus spp. can be used as probiotics, as they can efficiently colonize in the small intestine and
improve the growth enhancement in broilers. A selective strain of bacteria Bacillus licheniformis
was used as a probiotic for the broiler chicken. After 42 days, 15 birds from three different
groups were collected, 5 from each group, and slaughtered to collect cecum samples and
intestinal tissue samples. The samples were processed for DNA extraction, PCR and histological
methods to determine the probiotics colonization and growth differences between the normal
ones and the treated ones. There was a considerable increase in the height of the villi in the
treated ones as compared to the control ones which showed that the use probiotic helped increase
the surface area of the intestine for increased absorption. The extracted DNA from the cecum
sample was used for PCR amplification and sequencing, the results confirmed the presence of
Summary
64
Bacillus licheniformis. The results showed that the probiotic was efficiently colonized in chicken
gut and it improved the gut health and also helped chicken in gaining weight. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2893-T] (1).
