1.
Identidiation Of Genetic Susceptiblity Of Myopic Loci In Families From Punjab
by Maria Fareed Siddique | Prof.Dr.Masroor Elahi Babar | Dr. Sehrish Firyal | Prof. Dr. Abu.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: Myopia, or nearsightedness, is a condition in which the eye cannot focus on distant objects and sometimes closer ones too. In past different authors reported different loci responsible for myopia. They used specifically synthesized markers for different loci and after conducting linkage analysis through genotyping the myopic families were found to be linked for those loci, whereas, in some studies the cause of myopia was environmental. Till now, linkage studies have identified at least 18 possible loci in 15 different chromosomes associated with myopia, although some of these remain to be confirmed. In past, no study was done in Pakistan on myopic families for finding responsible myopic locus in this regard. So, more conclusive and well-designed studies on family pedigrees of individuals with high myopia were needed to be conducted in Pakistan by using genetic markers associated with myopia.
In this study, a panel of microsatellite markers was developed. Blood samples were taken from six myopic families. DNA was extracted. PCR was performed for amplification of these I microsatellite markers on 34 samples belonging to 6 families. Genotyping analysis was performed for the PCR products of microsatellite markers. These results were studied by constructing and analyzing haplotypes on the basis of PAGE gel bands. Heterozygosity, homozygosity, polymorphism with all microsatellites markers, specific for two loci were checked.
One family MYO-4 was found to be potentially linked with markers for the locus MYP-18. Another family MYO-5 showed potential linkage for the locus 2q37.2. Remaining four families (MYO-l, MYO-2, MYO-3 and MYO-6) were totally unlinked with all the markers (D14S984, D14S63, D14S999, D2S2202, D2S2968 and D2S338 for both loci demonstrating genetic insusceptibility of myopic loci in developing myopia and thus suggesting the complex genetic variability of myopia.
This study will serve as the pioneering database for further research on identifying the genetic heterogenic complexity of myopia. Results of this study lead to development of a panel of microsatellite markers which can be used for linkage studies of more myopic families in Pakistan. This study opens the door for new geneticists as the results can also be helpful in carrying out genetic counseling for the myopic persons who are going to be married and specifically for those who have dominant inheritance. This was a preliminary study on myopic patients in Pakistan and data produced during this study will be helpful for drawing and determining genetic inheritance of expected babies with affected parents and siblings. Moreover this study can become the basis for further research investigations on myopics in Pakistan.
CONCLUSION
This was a pioneering study to develop panel of microsatellite markers for conducting linkage analysis and genetic characterization of myopic patients in Pakistan. As a result of this successful study a reliable, efficient and very informative panel of microsatellite markers was successfully developed which was capable to interpret individual diseased allelic identity, to be used for conducting linkage analysis through genotyping of myopics in Pakistan. This study will serve as the database for further research on identifying the genetic heterogenic complexity of myopia and also these successful results can be further analyzed in future on more myopics from different areas of Pakistan. This work provokes the need for further research purposes in identifying the genes influencing myopia that could help develop targeted treatments for children who are genetically predisposed to developing myopia.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1177,T] (1).
2.
Dna Fingerprinting Of Pakistani Buffalo Breeds (Nili-Ravi, Kundi) Using Microsatellite And Cytochrome B Gene
by Rashid Saif | Prof.Dr.Masroor Elahi Babar | Mr. Asif | Prof. Dr. Abu Saeed Hashmi.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: Customarily, classification of breed was based on phenotypic traits. In some cases, recent genetic studies have found differences in the structure proposed. In buffalo ,one has to bear in mind that morphological changes were not the result of adaptation to the environment, but have a social significance thus may not be indicative of the genetic relationship. In recent years microsatellites have proved to be very useful for the determination of genetic relationship among population. Comparative studies beiween microsatellite and protein markers have highlighted the advantages of the former.
The water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) holds tremendous potential in livestock sector in many Asian countries, particularly in Pakistan but the genetic data of different buffalo breeds like Nili-Ravi and Kundi is lacking, which need to be established for their genetic identification. Blood samples of unrelated true representative of both breeds (Nili-Ravi and Kundi) were collected from different government livestock farms in Punjab and Sindh respectively. DNA was extracted by inorganic method and amplification of the mitochondrial Cytb gene and microsatellite was done with especially designed primers in Molecular Biology and Genomics Laboratory at Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore. Cytochrome b gene markers have been proved as an efficient and powerful tool for breed characterization and species identification of buffaloes. Several panels of microsatellite markers have also been reported for this purpose. In this study, a panel of nine microsatellite markers has highly Polymorphism Information Content (PlC) were selected, Specific primers were designed for these microsatellite and Cytb gene partial amplification using primer3 software. Then primers were optimized for successful amplification with minimum reagent concentration. PCRs were performed for amplification of these microsatellite and Cytb markers on each sample, Genotyping and sequencing was conducted on all amplicons to find out the different SNP to design haplotypes with the help of bioinformatics software e.g. Blast 2sequence and Chrornas Lite, Further statistical analysis was done by the help of some other software e.g. Popgene version 1.31, Power Stat., Genetic diversity, Allele frequencies, observed and expected homozygosity and heterozygosity, Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, F-Statistics and Gene Flow for all Loci, population's dendogram, Nei's genetic identity and genetic distance! diversity was calculated. The results obtained from this study can contribute to the establishment of routine DNA typing services, beneficial for the buffalo industry as well as in animal forensics for litigation and expedite the police investigation services in Pakistan, which will also be useful for breed characterization and phylogenetic study of aforementioned breeds of buffalo.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1183,T] (1).
3.
Genetic Diversity And Differentiation Of Domestic Buffalo Of Pakistan Through Sky And Zfy Genes Of Y Chromosome
by Muhammad Mudassar Manzoor | Mr. Taneer Hussain | Mr. Muhammad Asif | Prof. Dr. Abu.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: Livestock sector plays a vital role in the economy of Pakistan. Main contribution of milk comes from buffaloes and cows. Water buffalo (Bubalusbubalis) is one of the major elements of livestock in the country and possess great importance for economy in the form of milk and meat productions. Nili, Ravi,Nili-Ravi, Kundi and Azakheli are major breeds of water buffalo to be found in different areas of Pakistan. Conventional classification of breeds was based on phenotypic traits. In some cases, recent genetic studies have found differences in the structure proposed. In buffalo ,one has to bear in mind that morphological changes were not the result of adaptation to the environment, but have a social significance thus may not be indicative of the genetic relationship. In recent years Y chromosomal genes have proved to be very useful for the determination of genetic relationship among population. Comparative studies have highlighted the advantages of the SRY and ZFY genes of Y chromosome.These genes have been considered as competent and powerful tool for the purpose of breed characterization and species identification of buffaloes. In livestock sector, water buffalo (Bubalusbubalis) has shown great prospective in numerous Asian countries including Pakistan. Unfortunately, there is lack of genetic data of different buffalo breeds like Nili-ravi and Kundi which needs to be established for their genetic identification.Blood samples from true representative animals of each of the two buffalo breeds (Nili-Ravi and Kundi ) were collected from different Government livestock farms and their respective home tractsin Punjab and Sindh respectively. DNA was extracted by inorganic method and amplification of the SRY and ZFY(exon 5) genes of Y chromosome was done with especially designed primers using Primer3 software in Molecular Biology and Genomics Laboratory at Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore.Specific primers are designed for these genes amplification. Then primers were optimized for successful amplification with minimum reagent concentration. PCR was performed for amplification of SRY and ZFY(exon 5)genes on each sample. Sequencing was conducted on amplicons to find out the different single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) to make haplotypes with the help of bioinformatics software like Blast 2sequence and Neighbour Joining phylogenetic tree was constructed by using MEGA version 5 (Tamuraet al. 2011). The results obtained from this study now can contribute to the establishment of routine DNA typing service to the advantages of the buffalo in livestock industry.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1378,T] (1).
4.
Identification Of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms In Olri Gene And Its Association With Milk Composition In Cattle Breeds in Pakistan
by Nusrat Majeed | Prof.Dr.Masroor Elahi Babar | Dr. Ali Raza Awan | Prof. Dr. Abu.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: Pakistan being agriculture based country has a great potential in livestock sector. it plays
an important role in the economy of the country. Milk is a balanced diet because it
contains all the essential nutrients like carbohydrates; fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals
and enzymes required for health. In these milk nutrients fat is second most important
component of milk. Primary component of milk fat is triglycerides (triacylglycerols or
TAG) a typical storage form of lipids. OLRI is the major protein that binds, internalizes
and degrades oxidized low density lipoprotein. Ol.Rl as a protein important for oLDL
metabol ism may contribute to these effects. Oxidized fat inhibits the expression of
lipoprotein lipase and fatty acid transporter genes that causes a reduced uptake of fatty
acids into mammary glands. As a result the concentration of triacylglycerols in milk is
reduced. OLRl as a protein important for oLOL metabolism may contribute to these
effects. OLR J identified as a functional and positional candidate gene product for milk fat
percentage and milk fat yield. Polymorphism in Ol.Rl gene increases the milk fat
percentage. If polymorphism in Ol.Rl gene is found in Pakistani Sahiwal and Ohanni
cattle breeds these were help to screen the animals at younger age and also be used to
characterize the different cattle breeds as a milk fat production marker. Unrelated animals
were selected for this study. Blood samples were collected from different Go\'1. livestock
farms/experimental stations. DNA was extracted by organic method. Primers were
designed by using Primer3 software. After DNA amplification by polymerase chain
reaction. peR product was sequenced. Sequencing results of the full length OLR I gene
were analyzed by alignment of sequences with the help of Blast2sequence software.
Novel S Ps were identified. Total of twenty one SNPs were identified in the samples of
all breeds that were confirmed at population level by sequencing of each sample. Then
total twenty one SNPs were found in all breeds. Most of SNPs were found in intronic
regions. In Sahiwal only 5 SNPs are exonic and one of them is common in both Sahiwal
and Red Sindhi breeds. Out of total five exonic SNPs, only two were found synonymous
and rest of the three exonic SNPs were found to be non synonymous. while all other
SNPs are intronic in nature. An intronic SNP is also common between Sahiwal and
Dhanni breed. In Red Sindhi a SNP was observed at 3'UTR. Results were analyzed by.
using the statistical software POPgene32. The mean value of expected heterozygosity that
is 0.3595 is greater than the mean of observed heterozygosity that is 0.0300 that shows
low variabil ity in breeds. The mean value for Shannon's Information index (1*) is 0.5421.
The aim of research is to identify gene that underlie the genetic variation in bovine milk.
fat composition.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1396,T] (1).
5.
Sequence Analysis Of Mitochondrial Atpase 8/6 Gene Variants In Sindh Ibex (Capra Aegagrus Blythi)
by Javeria Zafar (2014-VA-222) | Dr. Asif Nadeem | Dr. Maryam Javed | Prof. Dr. Abu Saeed Hashmi.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: ATPase 8/6 gene plays a vital role in survival of an organism by generating energy in the form of ATP synthase. Considering the importance of ATPase8/6 gene in energy generating, present study has been designed to characterize this gene in Sindh ibex. The characterization of ATPase8/6 gene might be helpful for deriving phylogenetic relationship among different species and identifying new functions among the related species. Tissue/blood samples (n=15) were collected from Kirthar National Park, Sindh. Standard DNA extraction method was used for DNA extraction. PCR primers were designed by Primer3 software and amplification of gene was done by Polymerase Chain Reaction. PCR product was sequenced bi-directionally by Big Dye TM Terminator on ABI 3130XL Genetic Analyzer. Multiple sequence alignment was performed for polymorphism identification. Genetic diversity was calculated by using DNAsp. Phylogenetic analysis using the MEGA6 software package and an equally weighted maximum parsimony analysis was performed using the close-neighbor-interchange algorithm. The results indicated that Sindh ibex ATPase8/6 gene was highly similar to Capra caucasica. The results of this data might be helpful in designing effective conservation strategies of different species of wild animal. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2587-T] (1).
6.
Effect Of Camel Milk Lactoferrin Against Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Hepatic Toxicity In Sprague Dawely Rats
by Nasreen Asghar (2014-VA-546) | Dr. Muhammad Nasir | Dr. Sanaullah Iqbal | Prof. Dr. Abu Saeed Hashmi.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Liver is a vital organ involved in regulation of several significant metabolic functions and is responsible for maintaining homeostasis of the body as well as detoxification of chemicals, drugs and other metabolites Chronic Hepatitis and mortality due to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma is common in Pakistan. Camel milk Lactoferrin has antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic properties. Liver cirrhosis is a serious and irreversible disease. it is common in Pakistan population which leads to mortality (Khan AA, 1995). (Anderson and Smith, 2001).These problems can be controlled by taking special measures. Nutraceutical foods like camel milk have many beneficial uses in this regard. Camel milk lactoferrin might be used for the cure of hepatic fibrosis induced by CCI4 in Sprague Dawely rats. Seventy five (75) male Sprague –Dawley rats were purchased from National Institute of Health Islamabad kept in animal house of UVAS Lahore and randomly divided into 5 groups under completely randomize design (CRD). In group (2-5) carbon tetrachloride (CC14) was subcutaneously injected with a mixture of 40% CCI4 (a mixture of pure CC14 and sterile olive oil) at 200 uL/100g body weight as single dose, 48 hrs before the starting of treatment or 0 day. After 48 hrs, rats were considered hepatic injured except the (+ve) control group. Among all groups, four groups –ve control, 30mg/kg/b.wt, 60mg/kg/b.wt and 90mg/kg/b.wt were supplied with standard diet plus Lactoferrin (in different concentrations and doses) orally, while control group were provided only standard diet throughout the efficacy study (30 days). Daily feed and water intake was monitored and cages were cleaned regularly. Body weight was recorded before decapitation throughout the experimental period. The efficacy studies
data was analyzed through analysis of variance (ANOVA).Statistical significance was defined as P≤0.05.Means were compared for significance difference using Duncan‟s Multiple Range test (DMRt) and Least significance difference test (LSDt).
Organ to body weight ratio and decreasing tendency in (-ve) control group was observed, while increasing tendency for body weight was observed in camel milk lactoferrin treatments groups during the study. In the present investigations, higher amount of transaminases (AST,ALT) and cholestatic liver enzyme (ALP) were observed however, their concentrations were significantly decreased significantly in camel milk lactoferrin treatments as compared to rising trend in (-ve) control group.
Hypercholesterolemia is due to of oxidative stress induced by CCl4 and characterized by elevated levels of cholesterol .In the present research, it is concluded that camel milk lactoferrin treatments were effective in improving lipid profile.it is also obvious from the current results that camel milk lactoferrin treatments improved the hemoglobin (Hb) level although the effect was found non-significant .Likewise , results of present study also suggested that different treatments, time interval and their interaction had non-significant effects on white blood cells count in rats.
Histopathology results of present study given exposed that CCl4 consequences prominent hepatic steatosis, hepatic cord rupture and necrosis .Post treatment of camel milk lactoferrin reduced the severity of CCl4 –induced liver intoxication. Fatty change and necrosis were improved in the histological sections of camel milk post-treated rats.(-ve) control group treated with CCl4 and basal diet showed severe hepatotoxicity, severe inflammation of hepatocytes and portal vein congestion, while group C and D treated
with CCl4 ,basal diet and 30mg/kg/b.wt ,60 mg/kg/b.wt camel milk lactoferrin respectively showed moderate improvement in hepatotoxicity .group E treated with CCl4 and 90 mg/kg/b.wt lactoferrin showed mild hepatotoxicity in rats. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2943-T] (1).
