1.
Effect Of Total Particulate Matter From Commercial Cigrettes On Wound Healing In Mice
by Sidra Abdil Rahman | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Dr.Sheryar Afzal | Prof.Dr.Zafar Iqbal Ch.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2009Dissertation note: ACigarette smoking is considered as the most important cause of death in developed countries. Wound healing in the skin is a multifarious orchestration of cellular processes and cigarette smoking may grounds for delayed wound healing. The aim of this study was to investigate, the plausible association between exposures of cigarette total particulate matter (TPM) on wound healing. The invivo mice model of wound healing was customized for determinenation of assorted events of wound healing. A total of 49 adult mice separated in seven groups and kept under standard conditions of ventilation and temperature. Four brands of commercially available cigarette were selected for the current study. All the treated animals were exposed to TPM ointment for 12 days. A highly considerable diminution in wound closure was pragmatic among all TPM treated groups from day 6 to day 8 post-wounding. Histological investigations unveiled a noteworthy impede in the outcome of re-epithelialization, dermal matrix regeneration and maturation of collagen bundles among all TPM-exposed wounds. Delayed commencement of neovascularization was pragmatic among TPM treated groups, at day 12 post wounding. Quantification was done with the help of scan probing image processing software and image processing system. Abbot curve, angular spectrum and different other parameters of 3D surface behavior of wounds revealed a very highly significant reduction in angiogenesis at day 6 and day 8 post-wounding, which points that application of TPM instigate extensive delay in trigging the progression of angiogenesis, resulting delayed onset of wound healing. These annotations validate the damaging effects of TPM on the healing of wounds and excessive use of TPM may lead to the production of chronic wounds and oral ulcers.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1071,T] (1).
2.
Isolation And Characterization Of Collagen Type Ii From Poultry Trachea
by Sidra Ashraf | Dr. Abu Saeed Hashmi | Dr. Sualeha Riffat | Zahid Mushtaq.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: This project was designed to use poultry waste to isolate and characterize collagen type II
from its trachea. Collagen type II is being used along with condroitin sulfate and
glucosamine for the treatment of osteoarthritis and is also available as a neutraceutical
product in the market. For project purpose, trachea of slaughtered broiler birds were
collected from the market and after removing adhering tissue and debris, it was then
washed thoroughly first with distilled water and then with deionized water. Tracheal
cartilage was then cut into small pieces and defattened with chloroform: methanol (2: 1
v/v) solution. After this, the cut pieces were properly cleaned with deionized water. 0.5%
Pepsin solution in 0.5 M acetic acid was prepared. Cartilage was then hydrolyzed by the
already prepared 0.5 % pepsin (in 0.5 M acetic acid) at 4 ° C for 48 hours. The extract
was then separated from the tracheal pieces and the viscous solution obtained was
centrifuged at 12000 rpm for 1 hr at 4 "c. Now the collagen was expected to be in the
supernatant which was salted out by adding NaCI to a final concentration of 2.5M and
kept for almost 12-16 hrs. This collagen was again centrifuged at 12000 rpm for 1 hr at
4 C. The obtained collagen pallet was redissolved in 0.5 M acetic acid and then it was
dialyzed against 0.1 M acetic acid followed by dialysis with distilled water. The sample
after dialysis was put in petri dishes and kept in freezer for overnight to let it be prepared for
lyophilization. The frozen collagen sample was then lyophilized. After lyophilization, the sample
gave an appearance of a white mesh. This sample was reconstituted in PBS with pH 8 to run it on
SDS-PAGE. The procedure of SDS-PAGE in non reducing conditions was adopted for the
characterization of collagen type II in the sample. The description of results of SDS-PAGE is given
below:
Lane M contains protein markers of different molecular weight. Lane 1, 2 and 3 contains
samples at different steps of the whole procedure showing clear bands of collagen type II.
Lane 4 contains lyophilized sample of collagen type II showing the thickest band (alpha
chain of collagen type II). In this research, poultry waste has been used for making health improving
product. As in our country poultry is used in bulk quantity so if its waste might be used in any
medicinal product then it might not only be useful but also economical for such a developing country
as ours. Another thing is that as this collagen Type II has been extracted from poultry trachea, it
shows that tracheal cartilage is a rich source of such collagen type. Collagen Type II is used in the
cure of arthritis especially rheumatoid arthritis so through this research, it has been made clear that
poultry waste can be utilized in a positive way in medicinal industry and also that collagen Type II
acts as an effective neutraceutical.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1330,T] (1).
3.
Identification Of Polymorphism In Cytochrome P45011B1 (Cyp11B1) Gene And Its Relation To Milk Yield In Sahiwal
by Sidra Manzoor | Dr. Asif Nadeem | Prof. Dr.Masroor Elahi Babar.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2012Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1455,T] (1).
4.
Evaluation Of Cytotoxicity And Antiviral Activity Of Ivermectin Against Newcastle Disease Virus
by Sidra Azeem | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Dr. Aftab | Mr. Muhammad Adil Rasheed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1691,T] (1).
5.
Effect Of Age And Gender On Hematological And Biochemical Parameters Of Beetal Goat And Lohi Sheep
by Sidra Shafique | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Prof. Dr. Khalid.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Small ruminants are one of the domestic animals of the inhabitants of Pakistan. In semi-arid and arid areas goat and sheep provides the main means of survival and security. So the proper health management of animals is must require for their survival. Hematlogical and biochemical tests are widely used for the diagnosis of serious animal diseases which can lead to economics losses in animals like reduced fur, wool and milk production. A large number of factors such as sex, age, gender, breed, illness, stress, seasonal variation and nutrition can affect the pattern of these clinical values. Our hypothesis was to evaluate the effect of age and gender on hematological and biochemical indices of Beetal goat and Lohi sheep in Ravi campus Pattoki UVAS.
One hundred and twenty blood samples (60 Goats and 60 sheep) were taken and divided on the basis of their age and gender (0-3 months, 9-12months and 18-20 months). Complete blood counts were performed by hematology analyzer (Abacus junior vet. Serial # 130076, Diatron GmbH wein, Austria) at W.T.O, UVAS. The biochemical parameter included albumin, globulin, cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, urea AST and ALT were determined by commercially available kits (Biogene® and Crescent®). The arithmetic means (± SE) of hematological and biochemical parameters in different groups were calculated. The arithmetic means (± SE) of hematological and biochemical parameters in different groups were calculated. The collected data were subjected to two way analysis of variance through statistical package SPSS version 13 to evaluate mean differences in hematological and blood biochemical parameters of different age groups. Difference among the means of groups with p<0.05 was considered as significant through LSD test (Steel et al.1997).
In this study age and gender had a remarkable influence on the pattern of hematological and biochemical values of both sheep and goat. The RBCs, Hb, PCV, MCV, MCH, MCHC, WBCs and lymphocytes counts found significantly (p<0.05) higher in animal of age 18 to 20 months as compared to other groups in both species, While MCHC, monocytes and granulocytes found non-significantly (p>0.05) different. Male showed statistically (p<0.05) higher RBCs, Hb, PCV and MCV values as compared to female. The glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, urea, AST, ALT, Total protein, albumin and globulin were found significantly (p<0.05) different by the aging of animal. Gender had no significant (p>0.05) influences on biochemical parameters of both sheep and goat.
Conclusion
Based on these findings age and gender had significant influence on hematological and biochemical parameters. In general veterinary practices, body weights are usually considered for therapeutic and nutritional strategies. Often too young animals are treated with more caution. In conclusion it can be mentioned that not only body weight but also age of the animals should be considered for devising therapeutic and nutritional strategy in livestock.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1814,T] (1).
6.
Study On Micobiological Quality Of Water Supplied To Poultry Birds From Tube Wells Water Pumps Drilled Up To Varying Bore
by Sidra Moqddes | Prof. Dr. Masood rabbani | Dr. Jawad Nazir | DR.Yasin tipu.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1922,T] (1).
7.
Comparative Efficacy Of Metronidazole In Combination Colistin Sulphate And Probiotics Against Closteidium
by Sidra | Prof. Aneela zameer durani | Dr.Muhammad Avais.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1952,T] (1).
8.
Effect Of Calcium Hypochlorite And Chloramine On Blood Biochemistry And Sodium Pentobarbital Induced Sleeping
by Sidra ishaq | Dr. Muhammad Adil rasheed | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Ashraf.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2062,T] (1).
9.
Prevalence And Risk Analysis Of Coxiella Burnetii In Soil Of Sheikhupura And Attock Districts Of Punjab
by Sidra Akram (2009-VA-246) | Dr. Muhammad Zubair Shabbir | Prof. Dr. Masood Rabbani | Dr. Waseem Shahzad.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Background:
Besides nutrients and minerals, soil is aggregate of number of pathogens. Many of them are of
zoonotic importance and have significant threat to public health. Of these is Coxiella burnetii
that has been reported from other countries including the neighboring to Pakistan. Its occurrence
in soil, clinical significance and importance to human and animal health has been reported;
nevertheless nothing is known of C. burnetii in Pakistan particularly in rural setup where human
and animals are in close proximity to each other as well as the fact that how different risk factors
can be implicated in its spread and survival in the soil. PCR helps to identify the organism on the
basis of its genome and it is highly preferable over other conventional detection assays.
Methodology:
PCR technique was used to identify C. burnetii in the soils of Sheikhupura and Attock
districts.Soil samples were collected from each village of the both districts and processed for
genome extraction using commercial soil DNA extraction kit. Following genome extraction, the
samples were run further for PCR analysis followed by standard gel electrophoresis technique.
Later the pathogens prevalence has mapped in relation to roads, canals, rivers and drains for both
districts.
Summary
47
Outcome:
Contribute to the understanding about previously unrevealed prevalence of Coxiella burnetii in
soil of district Sheikhupura and Attock together with risk factor analysis implicating possible
health significance as well as survival in the soil. The distribution among two districts showed a
close association of gene IS1111 positivity and the land use. Positive samples were mostly found
along the roads and water bodies (canals, drains, river etc.). Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2314-T] (1).
10.
Effect Of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles On Serum Lipid Profile And Liver Function Test In Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats
by Sidra Batool (2013-VA-592) | Dr. Khalid Abdul Majeed | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb .
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Diabetes mellitus is most common disorder affecting almost 25% of the world's population. Many researchers reported the role of metals in glucose metabolism and their defficiency cause the diabetes. Zn is found in all cells of body and play role to maintain blood sugar level and in the synthesis, storage, and secretion of insulin. Zn supplementation shows protective effect on total lipid, cholesterol, HDL and atherogenic index. Nanotechnology affects on the all parts of human life, animal, environment, and industrial life. In the present study I evaluate the anti-diabetic activity of ZnONPs and also the dose dependent anti-diabetic effects of medicine in alloxan induced diabetic rats.
Twenty five adult male rats were divided into five groups; Negative control, Positive control, and 3 groups for different treatment dose of ZnONPs (15 mg/kg BW), ZnONPs (25mg/kg BW) and ZnONPs (50 mg/kg BW). Diabetes induction had done in four groups, other than negative control, by subcutaneous administration of alloxan (120 mg/kg BW). Treatment was given to groups for 21 days. BW was recorded weekly. Blood samples were collected from animals of each group on 21 days after induction of diabetes by cardiac puncture to measure serum glucose level, serum lipid profile and liver function test. Data was analyzed by using SPSS software. Data was analyzed by using one-way ANOVA. The group differences were compared by the Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Differences was considered significant at P < 0.05.
The obtained results showed that ZnONPs has efficiency to control the diabetes mellitus by reducing blood glucose levels as well as the increasing dose decreased the serum glucose level. Only ZnONPs 50mg/kg BW dose is efficient to reduce the muscle wastage due to diabetes in alloxan induce diabetic rats. This dose also works to maintain the serum ALT, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C levels. But this dose is not effective for body weight, AST, ALP, VLDL-C, cholesterol and AI.
The data obtained from this study also showed the dose dependent anti-diabetic activity of medicine as the dose of 50mg/kg BW is more effective to control the diabetes as compared to other two doses; 15mg/kg BW and 25mg/kg BW.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2402-T] (1).
11.
Effect Of Artificial Insemination On Hatchability Of Turkeys (Melegris Gallopavo) Eggs
by M. Maqsood Ahmad Khan (2007-VA-333) | Dr. Arshad Javid | Dr. Sidra Safdar | Dr. Hamda Azmat.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: This six months study on semen morphology and effect of artificial insemination on hatchability in turkeys,Meleagrisgallopavo was conducted at Avian Conservation and Research Center, Department of Wildlife and Ecology, Ravi Campus, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore. Mature male (n = 3) and female (n = 24) birds were selected at random and were kept separately for two weeks. The female birds were divided into three groups, each group having eight females while the male birds were housed in separate cages. The tom in cage 1 was fed with poultry feed, while the toms in cage 2 and cage 3 were fed with corn and millet, respectively. All the cages were provided with separate drinking and feeding facilities.
For the collection of semen, male birds were conditioned and trained through abdominal massage. The testes of the male birds were massaged until the semen was collected using a rubber pipette and was transferred to collection vials. The mass mobility, concentration, color, morphology, volume and live-dead ratio of the collected semen were analyzed through microscope in Postgraduate Laboratory, Department of Wildlife and Ecology, Ravi Campus, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore and compared for test diets.
The laid eggs were collected from each cage and the weight of male and female birds, cage number and the weight of the egg was noted on the eggs and these eggs were transferred to storage cabinet. The eggs were then transferred to the incubators and the chick weight and hatchability percentage was recorded for natural and artificially inseminated birds.
After completion of the trial, one male and one female bird were manually eviscerated; the eviscerated carcassand sensory quality attributes, for meat sample for breast and thigh piece from male and female M. gallopavowere individually boiled and were presented to twenty semi-trained personnel for analysis of meat quality characteristics viz. meat color, juiciness, flavor, tenderness and overall acceptability.
Average semen volume for thirteen consecutive fortnights from the toms from cage 1 (fed with poultry feed) was 0.17±0.01 ml while semen volume for the toms in cage 2 (fed with corn) and cage 3(fed with millet) were recorded as 0.15±0.04 ml and 0.17±0.01 ml, respectively. Average live and dead ratio for the toms in cage 1 was 85.46±1.71while live and dead ratio for the toms in cage 2 and cage 3 were recorded as 85.15±3.05 and83.54±2.50, respectively. Average semen concentration for poultry feed, corn and millet fed toms was 6.62±1.33 (109cells/ml), 5.85±2.34 (109cells/ml)and 6.00±1.47 (109cells/ml), respectively.
Average mass motility in M. gallopavo fed with poultry, corn and millet feeds was 85.46±1.71 %, 85.15±3.05 % and 83.54±2.50 %, respectively. Average sperms without acrosome were19.23±1.83 %while acrosome defects due to hooked shaped acrosome, acrosome swelling and rounded acrosome for were recorded as 17.46±2.33 %,16.00±2.89% and 16.38±2.75 %, respectively.
Average bent head defects were 6.0±1.7 %, hooked shaped heads were 4.5±1.7 %, twin heads 4.8±1.9 %, swelled head sperms were 3.6±1.6 %, knotted head,5.6±1.2 %, larger head 5.0±1.8 % and short headed sperms were 4.8±1.4 %. Average bent mid piecedefects were 5.1±2.3 %, irregular mid piece 4.8±2.8 %, partially detached mid piece 5.0±2.5 %, swelled mid piece 5.5±1.9 %, mid piece swelled near neck region 5.0±2.4 %,knotted mid piece 4.4±2.3 % and spiral mid piece were observed 5.0±2.1 %.
Average double taildefects were recorded 4.31±2.25 %,coiled tail defects 4.00±1.73 %, knotted tail 4.77±2.20 %, bend tail 3.62±1.76 %, curled tail 4.85±2.19 %, detached tail 0.15±0.04 % and short tail defects were recorded 0.17±0.01 %.
Average hatchability from the eggs collected from naturally inseminated hens was 84.38±3.43 % while the same was recorded 89.69±3.01 % for the eggs laid by the artificially inseminated hens.
Growth parameters of male and female turkeys selected for the experiment were taken and compared. Statistically significant (p<0.05) variations in body weight, snood length, beak length, wing length, wingspan, body length, body girth, tail length, shank length, tarsus length were recorded between male and female Meleagrisgallopavo.
Positive correlation existed between body weight of the female with weight, length and width of the laid eggs. The weight of the eggs showed positively significant correlation with the length of the eggs.
The carcass characteristics viz. live body weight, thigh weight, leg piece weight, heart weight, liver weight, skull weight, gizzard weight, kidney weight, stomach weight, feather weight, lung weight, neck weight, wings weight, chest with wings weight, chest without wings weight were recorded heavier in male turkeys as compared to the females.
The chest and thigh pieces of male and female turkeys were analyzed for meat sensory quality attributes viz. color, flavour, juiciness, tenderness, oiliness and overall acceptability. Statistically significant (p<0.05) variations in color and overall acceptability in thigh and chest pieces were recorded for both the sexes.
It can be concluded from the present study that artificial insemination in turkeys is more fruitful than natural mating and influences hatchability of eggs.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2485-T] (1).
12.
Polymorphism Analysis Of Exon 2,5 And 10 Of Bovine Lactoferrin Gene And Its Association Within Mastitis In Sahiwal Cows
by Sidra Mukhtar (2014-VA-223) | Dr. Sehrish Firyal | Dr. Sultan Ali | Dr. Muhammad Wasim | Dr. Muhammad Avais.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: A few factors militate against understanding the milk production capability of bovines. Mastitis is the most costly and the prevalent production-limiting disease of dairy animals in Pakistan and somewhere else on the world. Susceptibility and resistance to mastitis is a complex characteristic and impacted by hereditary variation of animals. Among these variations, the polymorphisms in LF assumes critical part in the immune responses to mastitis.
Susceptibility and resistant to mastitis is a complex trait and influenced by genetic variation of the immunity genes of the animals. Among these variations, polymorphism in Lactoferrin gene (LF) play important role in immune responses to mastitis. Polymorphism in exons 2, 5 and 10 of Lactoferrin gene are associated with mastitis susceptibility and resistance. It is a potential candidate gene for screening of the mastitis susceptible and resistant dairy cows.
The present study was designed for the identification of polymorphism in LF gene associated with mastitis. Blood samples from 20 Sahiwal cows having clinical and subclinical mastitis were sampled. Blood samples of 10 normal Sahiwal cows were also collected. DNA was extracted. Specific primers for amplification of LF gene were designed by using Primer 3 software.
LF gene was amplified and sequenced to get the full length sequence of the gene. Comparative analysis of resulted sequences was done with the help of NCBI BLAST. Multiple sequence alignment was done by using CLUSTAL W and BioEdit softwares. Protein analysis was done with ExPasy translate tool and the development of 3D structure were using PYMOL software.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2582-T] (1).
13.
Exploration Of Genetic Polymorphisms And Differential Expression Analysis Of Bovine Alpha-Lactalbumin And Osteopontin Genes Involved In Milk Composition
by Sidra Manzoor (2010-VA-92) | Dr. Asif Nadeem | Muhammad Imran | Dr. Abu Saeed Hashmi.
Material type: Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Economically important traits of dairy animals are usually controlled by a large number of genes. The identification of the single nucleotide polymorphisms in potential genes has been associated with economically important traits. During lactation, mammary epithelial cells produced large amounts of specific milk proteins. Due to the expression sites, physiological properties and chromosomal localization, LALBA and SPP1 genes might be considered as candidate genes for milk composition in buffalo. Alpha-lactalbumin (LALBA) gene has been reported to be highly transcribed in transition and peak phase while late lactation exhibited its decline with progressive rise in SPP1 expression. This project was designed to investigate the effect of single nucleotide polymorphism that influencing the gene expression thus modulates the milk protein content in Nili Ravi. Samples of unrelated Nili-Ravi buffalo were collected from two Government, Buffalo Research Institute, Pattoki, and Livestock Production and Research Institute (LPRI) Bahadarnagar Okara, livestock farms. Milk samples were collected at 15, 90 and 250 days lactation for expression analysis. The genomic DNA was extracted by using the standard Phenol Chloroform Isoamyl alcohol (PCI) protocol. Specific set of primers was designed for the amplification of the LALBA and SPP1 genes. The amplified PCR products were sequenced for the identification of SNPs. To determine the differential expression of bovine LALBA and SPP1 genes, RNA was isolated from milk samples using the TRIzol reagent and converted it into cDNA. Taqman probes were used that are specifically designed to detect and target the DNA sequence. Five intronic polym orphic sites were identified in LALBA while exonic regions exhibited a complete homology with reference sequence. Additionally, eleven polymorphisms were identified in bovine SPP1 gene, six were in coding region and five were
Summary
122
found in intronic portion of the gene. The analysis and correlation of all identified polymorphism was done by using SNPs data analysis software “SNPator”. Results obtained from expression study was stored in in-build software of Real Time PCR and Cycle threshold (Ct) values of LALBA and SPP1 mRNA were compared in individuals of Nili-Ravi buffalo to determine the variation in expression levels. The LALBA gene expression was observed highest in transition phase with a gradual decrease of expression in mid and late lactation. The sample, NR-5, was observed highly expressed (79.30) while NR-2 with low expression (19.28) for alpha lactalbumin in early lactation. The change in LALBA regulation at same stage was considered due to genetic variation of the respective animal. While the SPP1 gene expression was observed with the highest values in peak lactation and remains elevated in late lactation. NR-4 has the highest (72.27) expression among all mastitis free healthy animals while NR-2 was observed with low expression. Thus, the identified SNPs might be used as genetic marker for milk production traits. Gene expression patterns may also help us to understand the molecular mechanisms of bovine LALBA and SPP1 genes influencing milk composition. However, the expression of both genes was considered in a correlation with other genes involved in milk production pathway. Also, the mutational effects of other milk proteins might be involved in determining the expression pattern of both genes in selected animals. Therefore, further studies are likely to explore the regulation of milk protein genes and their translational efficiency during the course of lactation in dairy animals. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2830-T] (1).
14.
Effect of Sodium Butyrate and Enzyme Supplementation on Growth Performance and Micromophometery of Small Intestinal Mucosa in Broiler Chicken
by Sidra Maryam (2015-VA-1180) | Saima Masood | Hafsa Zainab | Habib ur Rehman.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2018Dissertation note: Organic acids are the natural product of microbial metabolism. Sodium butyrate is a sodium salt of butyric acid. It has the ability to inhibit the intestinal bacteria that compete for attachment sites to enterocytes and reduction of harmful bacteria resulting in upgrading the digestibility of nutrients. They compete with pathogenic bacteria by lowering the pH of intestine and make the environment suitable for growth of useful bacteria bifidobacteria and lactobacillus species. They also reduce the number of pathogenic bacterial count in intestine, make its environment favorable and increase the digestion and absorption of nutrient in the intestine. Xylanase is an exogenous enzyme and can digest non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) present in poultry feed. These NSPs not digested by poultry birds due to lack of endogenous enzyme in poultry GIT. So we use exogenous enzyme to increase digestibility of poultry birds. The SB and xylanase can be used as growth promoter, but their combine effects have not been studied as yet. The present study was designed to report the individual and combined effects of SB and xylanase on growth performance, histomorphometry of small intestine, caecal tonsils and bursa parameters in broilers. 150 one-day old broiler chicks were randomly divided into four different groups with each group having five replicates (n=6) each. Birds were fed commercial basal diet (BD) supplemented with xylanase along with sodium butyrate were given free access to water for 35 days. Group-I was control and fed basal diet, Group-II was given BD + 1 gram of sodium butyrate/kg of feed, Group-III was given BD + 0.01 gram of xylanase/kg of feed, Group IV was given BD + 1gram sodium butyrate + 0.01gram xylanase per kg of feed. Two birds from each replicated were slaughtered after selection at the end of trial. Three segments of small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) and along with immune organs (cecal tonsils, bursa of fabricious) were excised and processed by paraffin embedding method and stained by H&E technique. Histological slides of intestine and immune organs were examined under light microscope (LABOMED® USA) for histomorphometric analysis. Data thus collected was analyzed by one-way ANOVA using SPSS. The results were considered to be significant at (P < 0.05). The growth performance of birds increases significantly in SB and enzyme supplemented group. The length and weight of small intestine, caecal tonsil and bursa increased significantly in SB and enzyme group. In all segment of intestine VH, VW, VH/CD, VSA and ME increased significantly in SB and Enzyme group, while results of VL, VW, VSA, LPT were nonsignificant. The goblet cell count increased significantly in all intestinal segments in SB+Enzyme group. In caecal tonsils, area, width and length of lymphatic nodules increased significantly in SB and enzyme group. In bursa of fabnricious the length along with the area and the number of lymphatic nodules were significantly increased in SB and enzyme groups. So it was concluded that dietary supplementation of SB and enzyme may be useful in enhancing growth performance, intestinal morphology, caecal tonsil and bursa microarchitecture in broiler. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2968-T] (1).
15.
Effect of Suppplementation of Citric Acid on Serum Lactate, Oxalate and Oxidative Status in Isoproterenol induced Myocardial Infarction in Rabbits
by Sidra Ashfaq (2009-VA-280) | Habib ur Rehman | Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Azmat Ullah Khan.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the alarming cause of mortality worldwide. The use of citrus fruits is claimed to be effective and economical in CVD. There are many effects of citrus fruits on human health; they are rich in very active metabolites such as ascorbic acid, flavonoids, phenolic compounds and citric acid. Giving citric acid orally can help to establish its effective role such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and its influence on induced myocardial infarction in rabbits. Forty rabbits were included in this study, divided in 5 groups each having 8 animals. They were kept in experimental research laboratory of University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore. Rabbits received citric acid and normal saline for 14 days, and then myocardial infarction was induced on day 15 by giving isoproterenol. The biochemical analysis of serum CK-MB, lactate, citrate, oxalate, and anti-oxidants/oxidant concentration was measured by spectrophotometry. The data were examined using one- way Analysis of variance (ANOVA). Duncan’s Multiple Range Test was used to check the differences between groups. Differences were observed significant at (P < 0.05) data was presented as mean ± SD. The current study showed reduction in the cardiac enzyme CK-MB in the citric acid treated groups compared to control positive(ischemic group), and CK-MB level was high in the control positive (ischemic )group than non ischemic group. Level of oxalate, citrate and lactate concentration in serum was not changed in the citric acid treated group compared to ischemic group, and there was also non significant difference between ischemic and nonischemic group. From this research work we conclude that citric acid was partially effective against the isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction in rabbits without any effect on serum citrate, oxalate and lactate concentration however, CK-MB and anti-oxidant defence system was improved. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2969-T] (1).
