1.
Effect Of Potassium Chloride And Sodium Bicarbonate Suplementation On Thermotolerance Of Broileers Exposed to Heat Stress
by Muhammad Tahir Naseem | Prof. Dr. Zafar Iqbal Chaudhry | Dr. Kamran | Prof. Dr. Haji Ahmad Hashmi | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2005Dissertation note: A total of 100-day-old broiler chicken were randomly divided into five groups and kept under elevated temperature (95-98.6ºF) to observe the effect of potassium chloride and sodium bicarbonate on the weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), serum potassium and serum bicarbonate level. Thermostress lead to significant in decrease (P<0.05) weight gain, serum potassium and serum bicarbonate level, while FCR was increased. During heat stress, KCl and NaHCO3 at levels of 1.5% and 0.5% respectively, improved weight gain, and FCR and significantly increased (P<0.05) serum potassium and bicarbonate level. The results showed that combination of KCl and NaHCO3 supplementation alleviated the negative effects of heat stress in broilers.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0863,T] (1).
2.
Rapid Detection Of Low Pathogenic Avain Influenza (H9) Viruses In Poultry Using Pt-Pcr And Its Comparison With Various Pathological Pictures
by Kiren Aqil | Dr. M. Younas Rana | Dr. Kamran | Dr. Mati Ur Rehman Khan.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: Total of 72 three-week old chickens were divided into two groups, group A and group B. Thirty Six chickens were placed in group B, infected with H9N2 influenza virus; while 36 chickens were placed in group A, control group. Organ and blood samples were collected daily from day 2 post infection to day 10 post infection. The birds were offered toxin free feed and water ad-libitum.
The infected birds did not show any pathogenic symptoms of disease. Gross pathological lesions were mainly hemorrhages in trachea and lungs. Slight to severe enteritis from day 6-9 post infection along with congestion of caecal tonsils was also seen.
Main histopathological lesions involved tracheal deciliation, infiltration of monocytes and neutrophils as well as vascular congestion in form of hemorrhagic area, cellular infiltration of inflammatory cells was seen in lungs. Necrotic foci, accumulation of inflammatory cells, sloughing of mucosa and infiltration of leucocytes in caecal tonsils was observed.
Hematological parameters i.e. TLC, DLC, Hemoglobin were measured and analyzed. It was interesting to find out that significant increase was noted in TLC of group B and hemoglobin concentration between chickens of Group A and B was found; however when DLC was conducted, there was significant increase in blood heterophils and decrease in monocytes.
RT-PCR was conducted to detect viral RNA in organ samples and it was detected as early as 48 hours post-infection in organs samples collected from infected chickens. Moreover, we have detected viral RNA in organ samples until day 10 post-infection.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1182,T] (1).
3.
Toxico-Pathological And Hematological Study In Japanese ( Coturnix Coturnix Japonica ) Exposed To Ochratoxin A And Aflatoxin B
by Muhammad shahzad | Dr. Muti-ur-rehman khan | Dr. kamran | Dr. M. younus rana.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: Mycotoxins are secondary metabolite toxins produced by fungi in or on grains, cereals and nuts used as feed in the poultry industry. Mycotoxicity in birds has been well documented and its severity increases in combination with other toxins. The study determined synergistic pathological responses in quail chicks when fed different level of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and Ochratoxin A (OTA). A total of 245 quails chicks were divided into seven groups (G1-G7) having 35 quail chicks in each. OTA mixed feed was fed to quail chicks at a dose rate of 1 and 1.5 ppm in G1 and G2 respectively. G3 were fed 2 ppm OTA + 1 ppm AFB1. AFB1 was offered in the feed at a level of 1 and 1.5 ppm in G4 and G5 respectively. G6 birds were fed 2 ppm AFB1 + 1 ppm OTA while G7 acted as a control. All the birds offered toxin free basal diet for first 7 days. Day 7 was considered zero day of experiment. At this day chicks shifted to different groups of 35 each (G1-G7). Group G7 was control group and offered toxin free diet. Birds were monitored twice daily for clinical signs. Randomly selected six birds from each group were slaughtered at day 14, 21, and 28. Blood samples with and without anticoagulant were collected for hematological and biochemical studies respectively. Morbid tissue of liver, kidney, and intestine were collected for histopathological studies. The OTA groups developed anemia manifested by a significant decrease in the red blood cell count, packed cell volume percentage and hemoglobin concentration, while increase erythrocyte sedimentation rate at the end of the experiment all groups showed significant reduction in red blood cell count. This reduction was found to increase with time proportionally to the level of OTA and AFB1 alone or in combination exposure. Clinical signs in chicks administered AFB1 and OTA included depression, decreased feed intake and decreased body weight. Severity in clinical signs was dose related. Pathological lesions in liver of these chicks were hemorrhages, fatty change, centrilobular necrosis and periportal fibrosis. Microscopically, liver showed vacuolation, fatty change, congestion and individual cell necrosis. Kidney of these chicks included pyknotic changes in the epithelium of proximal and distal convoluted tubules. Severe necrotic changes in the collecting ducts and accumulation of pink homogenous material in the lumen of tubules. Intestine showed hemorrhages, edema, degeneration and infiltration of mononuclear cells were observed. OTA damaged intestinal mucosa more severely than AFB1. Serum biochemical study indicated a significant decrease in total serum proteins and increase in urea and creatinine. It is concluded that AFB1 and OTA are capable of inducing hematological and histopathological alterations in quail chicks at higher dietary concentrations, either individually or in combination.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1301,T] (1).
4.
Histopathological Investigation Of Pleuropneumonia In Buffaloes Caused By Mycoplasma Bovis
by Ayesha Rabail | Dr. Muti-Ur-Rehman Khan | Dr. Kamran | Prof. Dr. M Younus Rana.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2009-2011Dissertation note: This study was conducted by keeping in view the worldwide importance of Mycoplasma bovis to cause pneumonia and many other diseases, as it causes great economic losses to bovine industry. In the current project the incidence of Mycoplasma bovis to cause pleuropneumonia was studied, and its respective histopathological changes in lungs of the pneumonic adult buffaloes and buffalo calves were examined. 100 lung samples for this purpose (50 lung samples from adult buffaloes and 50 lung samples from buffalo calves) were collected from the Lahore Bakar Mandi Abbatoir. Samples were collected on the basis of following criteria: Red hepatization, grey hepatization, multifocal abscess, necrotic lung tissue. These samples were then divided into two portions, one half placed in 10% buffered formalin in the bottles and other half kept in sterile polythene bag. The portion of lungs for bacteriological study was kept in ice box. Histopathological procedure was performed in the pathology department of University Of Veterinary And Animal Sciences Lahore. The samples were subjected to histopathological procedures and then slides were observed microscopically for the changes. Microscopically pulmonary odema, consolidation, caseous necrosis, abscess infiltration of mononuclear cells, plasma cells, macrophages, neutrophils infiltration were observed. For culturing of Mycoplasma bovis PPLO broth was prepared and samples were inoculated in the broth medium. At 7th day of inoculation the yellow color of the broth medium appeared which was indicative of positive samples. 30% positive samples in adult buffaloes and 36% in buffalo calves were obtained. These samples were then inoculated on the PPLO agar plates for further precision of results. On agar plates typical colonies of the Mycoplasma were observed under bright field compound microscope and 60% positive samples in adult buffaloes and 66% in buffalo calves were obtained. Next step towards the confirmation of Mycoplasma bovis was specific acridine staining, in which positive of Mycoplasma bovis samples gave dull yellow to colorless appearance of yellow broth medium and gave egg fried colony on agar. 78% adult buffalo and 67% buffalo calves showed positive results. These samples were then subjected to final confirmatory test which was growth inhibition disk test, in which hyper immune sera was raised in rabbits and filter paper disks soaked in this sera were used to check the zone of inhibition on cultured agar plates. 70% positive samples in adult buffaloes and 75% in buffalo calves were obtained which confirmed the presence of Mycoplasma bovis. CFU/ml of the positive samples calculated between 105-108. So the incidence of Mycoplasma bovis to cause pneumonia in adult buffaloes and buffalo calves calculated was (10% and 12%) respectively.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1335,T] (1).
5.
Effects Of Omega 3 And Vitamin E Against Experimentally Infected Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus H9n2 In Broiler Chickens
by Muhammad Sulman Ali Taseer (2008-VA-089) | Prof. Dr. Asim Aslam | Prof. Dr. Zafar Iqbal Chaudhry | Prof. Dr. Kamran Ashraf.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Avian influenza is a highly contagious viral disease of domestic and wild birds. It is one of the most devastating viral disease of poultry industry. It was first identified in Italy in early 1900,s and is now known to exist worldwide. Total of 125 day old chickens were divided into five groups (A, B, C, D, E) with 25 chickens in each group. Group A was negative control group. In groups B, C, D and E low pathogenic avian influenza (H9N2) virus infection was introduced at day 28 of age. Group B was given with Omega 3. In group C chickens were given Vitamin. E. In group D chickens were fed both Omega 3 and Vitamin E. Group E was positive control group without any additional supplementation.
At days 27, 30, 35, 42, blood was collected aseptically from wing vein, from three birds in each group to check H/L ratio and to perform HI test to check antibody titer for H9. After collection of blood five birds from each group were slaughtered to observe postmortem signs and for the histopathology of lungs and trachea. Heterophill to lymphocyte ratio was significantly high in groups D (Omega 3 and Vit.E) and group E (Positive Control). Among the various treatment groups of broilers the significantly highest HI antibody titer was recorded in group E which was positive control group. In treatment groups C (Vitamin E supplement) and D (Omega 3 and Vit.E) HI antibody titer was near to protective titer against H9.
Major histopathological lesions involved deciliation of trachea and sloughing of epithelium of trachea. There was infiltration of monocytes and neutrophils as well as vascular congestion in the form of hemorrhagic areas in lungs. There was increase in congestion in the lungs of the chicks in group E (Positive Control).
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FCR was evaluated on weekly basis. A comparatively better feed conversion ratio was recorded in group D (Omega 3 and Vit.E). There was no significant difference in feed conversion ratio of the other treatment groups. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2355-T] (1).
6.
Studies On The Effect Of Garvit-Pro® (A Commercial Product) On Broiler Chickens Vaccinated Against Infectious Bursal Disease
by Jawad Ahmad (2008-VA-109) | Prof. Dr. Asim Aslam | Dr. Muti Ur Rehman | Prof. Dr. Kamran Ashraf.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) has become very notorious poultry disease in Pakistan. The disease affects the primary lymphoid organs (bursa of Fabricius) of the poultry and cause mild to severe immune suppression in affected birds. In accordance of the mentioned fact, present experimental project was designed to evaluate the effects of immune boosters after IBD vaccination and compare the effects of GarVit-Pro with only vaccinated birds. Humoral immune response against IBD virus was measure through Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). There were total 90 bird, divided into 3 groups with 30 birds in each group. The blood sample were collected from different experimental groups of broiler chickens on 07, 14, 21, 28 & 35 days of age. Among the various experimental groups of broiler chickens the significantly highest antibody titer was recorded in group B fed with GarVit-Pro (Garlic Supplement) as compared to the other vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. The histopathological scoring of Bursa of Fabricius and thymus in different experimental groups was observed at day 07, 14, 21, 28 and 35. The bursal lesion scores of Group B (GarVit-Pro Treated) was lower than the other two groups. The GarVit-Pro helped to enhance the antibody titer against IBD virus after vaccination. These findings suggest and advocates that GarVit-Pro (garlic supplement) can effectively stimulate and enhance the immunity in broiler chickens. GarVit-Pro can be potential ameliorator against different vaccines and their unwanted/suppressive effects in broiler chicks. It was proved that GarVit-Pro is able to implement immune response and have a patent immunomodulatory effect in chickens Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2363-T] (1).
7.
Hematological And Histopathological Study Of Paramphistomum Cervi In Large Ruminants
by Abdul Majeed Saim (2012-va-814) | Prof. Dr. Asim Aslam | Mr. M. Saeed Imran | Prof. Dr. Kamran Ashraf .
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Paramphistomes are the parasites in the rumen, reticulum, duodenum and liver of goats, sheep, cattle and buffaloes. Their premature stages are in duodenum and then traveled towards the rumen. The damage caused by this illness in bovine affects production. These parasites aggravate a loss of weight, a lower nutritious conversion and a reduce in milk production. Lahore is one of the larger district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The present study was conducted in order to implement efforts and regulation to eradicate the spread of disease in this area. From this study it was evaluated the changes in hematological parameters values of Large Ruminants and evaluated the Histopathological changes in rumen, reticulum, duodenum and liver.
Samples of blood and tissues were collected at slaughter house from cattle and buffaloes after slaughtering. These were divided into three groups i.e group-A (Infected Buffaloes=50), group-B (Infected Cattle=50) and group-C (Buffaloes, Cattle=20) serve as control. The blood samples and tissue samples of rumen, reticulum, duodenum and liver were taken from infected cattle and buffalo tested positive by fecal examination through direct smear technique and was processed for hematological and histopathological examination.
The infected cattle and buffaloes in this study described a highly significant decrease (p<0.05) in the mean red blood cells, packed cell volume, total erythrocyte count and hemoglobin. There was a significant increase (p<0.05) in the neutrophils number and eosinophil number of disease buffaloes and cows as compared to the non-infected buffaloes and cows. The infection of paramphistomum cervi is characterized by severe anemia, eosinophilia, neutrophilia. Anemia can be responsible for mortality in cattle and buffaloes especially young ones.
Pathological changes were observed grossly and confirmed histopathologically in the rumen, reticulum, duodenum and liver. Pathological changes were mostly limited to small intestine, especially duodenum. The disease caused by the parasite in the rumen was increased cornification of the stratum corneum, atrophy, severe infiltration and thickening of mucosa occurs in the rumen papillae, but no ulceration was found. Changes varied from a localized enteritis and villous atrophy in the duodenum in light disease to severe destructions of the mucosa extending into most of the jejunum in heavy infections. Mucosa at places was found congested with petechial haemorrhages. The histopathological analysis of the diseased liver of buffalos and cows has described that severe harm has occurred in this infection. In most of the sections, the normal structure of liver tissue, arrangement of hepatocyte cords, veins and portal tube areas were undergone clear with full bile ducts indicating bile duct hyperplasia, necrosis of liver tissue and cause necrosis. The immature forms of Paramphistomium cervi caused more severe damage in the duodenal tissue, where as adult forms inflicted mild tissue damage in the rumen.
The present study was conducted in order to implement efforts and regulation to eradicate the spread of disease in this area. From this study it was evaluated the changes in hematological parameters values of Large Ruminants and evaluated the Histopathological changes in rumen, reticulum, duodenum and liver.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2368-T] (1).
8.
Pathological Association Of Nramp 1 Genotypes With Brucella Resistance And Susceptibility In Diseased And Non Diseased Cattle
by Muhammad Zaheer Iqbal (2005-VA-61) | Dr. Raheela Akhtar | Prof. Dr. Asim Aslam | Prof. Dr. Kamran Ashraf.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: A total of 200 cattle were divided into five groups including: Group A Sahiwal cattle, Group B Jersy cattle, Group C Frisian cattle, group D Sahiwal cross Jersy and group E Sahiwal cross Frisian. Out of total of 200 serum samples from suspected cattle we found 155 samples positive by RBPT and 109 were positive for Brucella abortus by PCR. Comparison of presence of Brucella abortus was statically made in all five groups using chi square.
The study was conducted on 200 animals of five breeds including Sahiwal, Jersey Cross Sahiwal, Frisian Cross Sahiwal, Fresian and Jersey around farms of Punjab. Blood sample (3mL) was collected in EDTA vaccutainers from each animal. Serum from blood samples were collected in 3 mL eppendorf tubes with the help of sterile pipettes. Serum samples were screened out for brucellosis by Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT). RBPT positive samples were stored at 40C for further processing. Rose Bengal Antigen was purchased from Veterinary Research Institute (VRI), Lahore. The antigen was stored at 40C in refrigeration during the study according to manufactures recommendation. DNA quantification was performed on “Thermo Scientific NanoDrop spectrophotometer ND-2000” and by running extracted DNA on 0.8% agarose gel. PCR for amplification was done with a total volume of 20 μL by adding primer pair and extracted DNA to the PCR master mix in following concentrations.
2ml of forward and reverse primer was taken respectively. 4ul of PCR grade water was added and DNA was taken in 2 ul quantity. The total volume of master mix obtained was 10 ul. The thermocycler (Bio-Rad, CFX ™, Singapore) was set with the conditions for the total of 35 cycles of PCR. For optimization process of primers different options for PCR reaction mixture
Summary
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and PCR cyclic conditions were tried for two objectives. To get maximum amplification, by using minimum volume of chemicals. Changing the volume of magnesium chloride, deoxynucleotide triphosphate (d NTPs) and Taq polymerase, amplification can be increased. Primers annealing temperature is considered critical for optimization.
Denaturation of DNA samples were performed at 94 0C for 5minutes. Annealing step was performed at 63 0C for 30 second. Then, initial extension of DNA samples was conducted at 72 0C for 30 second. Finally, extension was performed at 72 0C for 5 minutes to get results. The PCR product was confirmed by running the PCR product on 0.8 % agarose gel electrophoresis was performed at 100 Volts for 30 minutes. The NRAMP1 gene encodes a divalent cation transporter, located in the phagolysosomal membrane of macrophages, which has been associated with resistance to intracellular pathogens. In cattle, natural resistance against brucellosis has been associated with polymorphisms at the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) of the NRAMP1 gene, which are detectable by single-strand conformational analysis (SSCA).
Genetic selection of domestic animals resistant to pathogens has been applied mostly to farm
animals, particularly cattle. Identification of genes linked to natural resistance may allow for a
better understanding of natural resistance with obvious practical implications. These genes may
also function as markers for prediction of genetic resistance against specific diseases.
Recommendations:
From this study we concluded that Nramp1BB gene is resistant to brucellosis, while Nramp1 AA is susceptible to brucellosis.
Summary
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By gene knock out technique breeds resistant to brucellosis can be produced.
Criss Crasper technique can be used for gene knock out process. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2953-T] (1).
