1.
Effect Of Corticosteroid On Uterine Involution And Related Changes Of Blood Picture In Postparturient Nili Ravi
by Munawar Hussain Gill | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | M.Tahir Khan | Naeem Ullah Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1989Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0041,T] (1).
2.
Prevalence Of Brucellosis In Repeat Breeder Cows In Peshawar District (North West Frontier Province (N.W.F.P)
by Ali Nazar Bangash | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Muhammed | Naeem Ullah Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1989Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0044,T] (1).
3.
Occurrence Of Pathogenic Bacteria In Buffalo Bull Semen
by Aleem, M | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Ata-Ur-Rehman | Naeem Ullah Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1987Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0045,T] (1).
4.
Comparison Of Vaginal Bacterial Flora In Teddy Goats With And Without Reproductive Disorders
by Tauseef Ali Raza | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Dr. Talat | Naeem Ullah Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1989Dissertation note: A total number of 140 teddy goats were included in the study to compare the bacterial flora of vagina. Out of 140 goats, 80 had a history of normal lambing and fertility while 60 goats had a history of reproductive problems such as repeat breeding, infertility etc.
A total of 120 bacteria belonging to 9 different species were isolated. 20 samples were bacteriologically sterile. The ercentage of various organisms isolated from samples was as under: -
Staphylococcus aureus 29.16% (35 isolates)
Corynebacterium pyogenes 27.50% (33 isolates)
Streptococcus pyogenes 11.66% (14 isolates)
Pseudomonas 9.66% (11 isolates)
Bacillus subtilis 6.66% ( 8 isolates)
Proteus vulgaris 5 % ( 6 isolates)
Bacillus cereus 4.16% ( 5 isolates)
Micrococcus 3.33% ( 4 isolates)
Lactobacillus 3.33% ( 4 isolates)
In-vitro sensitivity of isolates revealed that STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS was 82.85% sensitive to Gentamycin, 71.42% to biotics, 64% to Chloramphenicol, 54.28% to Terramycin, 28.57% to rimethoprim, 20% to Ampicillin and 8.57% to Erythromycin.
CORYNEBACTERIUM PYOGENES was 84.84% sensitive to Cornbiotics , ':> 69.69% to Choromphe nicol , 12.12% to Erythromycin, 29.75% to Terramycin, 30.30% to Ampicillin, 15.51% to Gentamycin and 7.43% to Trimethoprim.
STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES was 92.85% sensitive to gentamycin, 71. 43% to combiotics, and 42.85% to hloramphenicol. It was resistant to Erythromycin, Terramycin, Ampicillin and Trimethoprim.
PSEUDOMONAS Spp was 72.72% sensitive to Combiotics, 45.45% to Chloramphenicol, 36.36% to Gentamycin, 27.27% to Terramycin, 18.18% to Erythromycin, Ampicillin and Trimethoprim.
BACILLUS SUBTILIS was 100% sensitive to Chloramphenical, Terramycin, Ampicillin and Gentamycin and 83.3% to Combiotics. It was resistant to Erythromycin and Trimethoprim.
PROTEUS VULGARIS was 100% senstitive to combiotics, Chloram- phenical, Erythromycin, Terramycin, Ampicillin, Gentamycin and Trimethoprim.
BACILLUS CEREUS was 100% sensitive to all the above antibiotics/ Salfonamides tried.
MICROCOCCUS was 100% sensitive to all the above antibiotics/ sulfonamides used.
LACTOBACILLUS was 100% sensitive to all of the above antibiotics/ sulfonamides. The vaginal samples of goats in reproductive problem group revealed a higher bacterial count as compared to healthy group and it was concluded that higher bacterial load in the agina was responsible for the reproductive problems.
No strain of Brucella or vibrio could be isolated. The animals treated intra-vaginally responded favourably. On the basis of in-vitro sensitivity test c'ombiotic is recommended for the treatment of vaginal infections.
The preliminary study on the vaginal bacterial flora of the Teddy goats is the first of its kind ever attempted in Pakistan. Further studies on the lines attempted in the present investigation are suggested and in any future attempt it will be highly desirable if other micro-organisms besides bacteria are studied. Furthermore large number of animals both apparently healthy as well as those showing reproductive disorder in various egions of the country should be included in any future endeavour to bring these studies to their logical conclusions.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0046,T] (1).
5.
Studies On Reproductive Potentials Of Rambouillet Sheep Reared At Govt. Livestock Experiment Station, Jaba,
by Wahid Mir Khan | Naeem Ullah Khan | Asif Rabbani | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1989Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0047,T] (1).
6.
Synchronization Of Oestrus Using Prostaglandin F2 Alpha And Serum Progesterone Profile During Oestrus
by Kazim Raza Chohan | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Munir Ahmed | Naeem Ullah Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1988Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0048,T] (1).
7.
Studies On Gross And Microscopic Structures Of Ovaries And Oviducts During Different Stags Of Estrous Cycle In Teddy Goats
by Iqbal, M | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Mansoor | Naeem Ullah Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1989Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0049,T] (1).
8.
Effect Of Different Equilibration Times And Extenders On The Deep Freezing Of Buffalo Bull Semen
by Rashid, A | Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Muhammed | Naeem Ullah Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1985Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0050,T] (1).
9.
Studies On Semen Characteristics And Fertility Of Lohi Rams At Different Ages
by Babar Raza Khan | Naeem Ullah Khan | Nisar Ahmed | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1988Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0052,T] (1).
10.
Studies On The Population Of Primordial Follicles In Teddy Goats
by Saeed Akhtar, M | Naeem Ullah Khan | Muhammed | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1989Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0053,T] (1).
11.
Sero Epidemiological Survey Of Bovine Brucellosis Associated With Reproductive Disorders In Quetta District, Balochistan
by Faqir Mohammad | Naeem Ullah Khan | Muhammed | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0089,T] (1).
12.
Macro And Micro Elements In Female Buffalo Calves Blood Serum During Various Stages Of Growth Upto Maturity
by Sher Nadir | Naeem Ullah Khan | Imtiaz Hussain | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1985Dissertation note: The study was carried out at Livestock Production Research Institute, Bahadarnagar, District Okara.
320 blood serum samples in duplicate from 64 female buffalo calves were chemically analysed for Calcium, Phosphorus, Copper, Zinc and Manganese.
These animals were divided into four groups and each group was further sub divided into two sub groups respectively. Eight animals were placed in each sub group. Sub groups of first group consisted of 5th and 6th, sub groups of second group 7th and 8th, sub groups of third group 9th and 10th, and sub groups of fourth group 11th and 12th quarters of their age respectively.
These animals were put on same plan of nutrition for thirty days before starting the experiment.
20 ml., blood was drawn aseptically from the jugular vein. The blood was allowed to coagulate and serum was separated for analysis. Inorganic phosphorus and copper were analysed in the blood serum by the Merko test kits, Calcium by flame photometer, Zinc and Manganese by atomic absorption spectrophotometer.
Biometry and ovarian activity of the third and fourth groups were recorded.
Non significant (P>O.05) difference was observed for calcium, phosphorus, copper and zinc in all the groups while significant (9<0.05) difference was existed for manganese in the groups.
significant correlation (r = 0.72* P <0.05) was observed for phosphorus with the size of the graafian follicle while correlation ( r = 0.62, r = 0.40 r=0.58 and r= 0.57 9>0.05) for calcium, copper, zinc and manganese was negative respectively.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0209,T] (1).
13.
Physical And Biochemical Studies On Cervical Mucus During Oestrus In Normal And Repeat Breeding Buffaloes
by Faiz Karim Qureshi | Naeem Ullah Khan | F.H. Shah | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1989Dissertation note: Observations have been made on the cervical mucus of buffaloes with particular reference to i) the occurance of cervical mucus and changes associated with ovarian activity 2) the significance of various tests on cervical 5ecretions, 3, its composition and 4) the longevity of spermatazoa with in the mucus. For this purpose mucus samples were collected from 40 clinically nomral buffaloes upto 6th lactations from the artificial insemination centre Multan.
The mucus samples were subjected to physical examination immediately after collection. For biochemical studies, the samples were stored in stoppered bottles at - 20CC till the analysis which was completed with in 2 months of collection in the P.C.S.I.R Labortary, Lahore. The animals were followed after two months of insemination for pregnancy test by rectal palpation. Amongest 40 buffaloes that were examined for pregnancy only 22 were pregnant. 18 buffaloes grouped under repeat breeders had normal oestrus cycles, but did not settle with in two inseminations. Physical characteristic were colour, Transpancey, Ferning, Refractive Index, & pH. under biochemical examination Calcium, Plagnesium, Inorganic Phorsphorus, Sodium and Potassium contents were studied.
Physical properties of cervical mucus like colour, transparency are found to be unsatisfactory tools for screening of repeat breeder animals. However higher percentage of typical ferning, lower range of refractive index are the parameters to be given due consideration while screening repeat breeders cases. Significant increase in pH of cervical mucus of repeat breeding buffaloes was observed..
There was no significant difference in the concentration of Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium and Calcium but significantly higher concentration of inorganic phosphorus recorded in the cervical mucus of fertile animals. It has been postulated as one of the criteria for assessment of fertility in buffaloes.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0212,T] (1).
14.
Effect Of Different Extenders On The Extracellular Release Of Got And Gpt From Buffalo Bull Spermatozoa
by Naeem Iqbal | Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Muhammed | Naeem Ullah Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1985Dissertation note: Preservation of spermatozoa in a solubrious environment has become an essential prerequisite to achieve the objectives of Artificial Insemination. Selection of suitable extender is based on evaluation of fresh and diluted semen through several parameters. In vitro, the most reliable and preferable method for the evaluation of semen preservation technique is the analysis of seminal plasma for several enzymes related with fertility, because, the extracellular concentration of these enzymes might serve as an index of membrane trauma. Among these enzymes, Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase(GOT) and Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase(GPT) are also used for the evaluation, because, they occur abundently in the spermatozoa and reflect their integrity. Moreover, they are easy to detect and play a major role in the protein and carbohydrate metabolism of spermatozoa. Some workers have evaluated extenders on these lines but this information was lacking in our condition, particularly in buffalo (Bubalus buballs).
For this purpose the semen was collected from ten buffalo bulls of Nili-Ravi breed maintained at Semen production Unit, Qadirabad. Semen was extended in three extenders namely, Lactose- egg yolk-glycerol (LEYG), Skim milk-egg yolk-glycerol (SMEYG) and Tris-egg yolk-glycerol (TEYG) and the GOT, GPT activities were measured in fresh semen, after extension, just after freezing and 30 days post-freezing. The data, thus, collected was subjected to statistical analysis.
The GOT activity (mU/ml) in fresh semen was 20.26±0.72 and in extender LEYG, the activity after extension, freezing and 30 days post-freezing was 38.06±2.09, 65.90±2.'2 and 80.94±2.78 respectively. The corresponding values in SMEYG and TEYG were, 51 .80±2.06 and 44.20±1.34, 90.22±1.79 and 74.38±2.30 and 109.10±2.14 and 87.68±2.33 respectively.
The GPT activity (mU/mi) in fresh semen was 7.98±0.30 and in LEYG after extension, just after freezing and 30 days' storage was 12.36±0.41, 18.52±0.62 and 22.20±0.76 respectively. These values for SMEYG and TEYG were, 13.96±0.60 and 13.28±0.56, 22.82±0.65 and 20.50±0.50 and 27.23±0.68 and 23.98±0.66 respectively. The overall GOT and GPT activities wee maximum in SMEYG (88.84 and 19.25) than in TEYG(67.42 and 16.00) and LEYG(60.68 and 14.22). In LEYG, upto freezing the release of GOT and:GPT was minimum but after 30 days' storage this situation was found in TEYG. Regarding the stages of freezing, maximum release of GOT, GPT was observed after freezing, i.e., 32.15 and 7.42 than after extansion (24.42 and 5.52) and after 30 days' storage(15.74 and 3.85 resp.).
Statistical analysis revealed significant (p/U.01) differences between the extenders SMEYG to LEYG and SMEYG to TEYG, but non-significant difference between LEYG and TEYG for the release of GOT and GPT. Highly significant (p/0.01) differences were existed Iethween all the stages of freezing.
The GPT and GOT ratio found in fresh semen was 1:2.53 and the average GPT, GOT ratio in SMEYG was 1:4.61, in LEYG 1:4.21 and It was 1:4.21 in TEYG extender. The GOT, GPT activities were found greater in young bulls as compared to older bulls. A significant correlation, i.e., -0.53 (p/0.05.) for GOT activity with age was found.
Regarding the relationship of motility percentage of spermatozoa with GOT, GPT release, a significant correlation(-0.44, p/0.05) between GOT release and motility percentage in TEYG extender after freezing was found. This correlation for GPT release in SMEYG after 30 days' storage was -0.69(p/0.0l), in TEYG after freezing 049 (p/0.05) and in same extender,. after 30 days' storage was -0.72 (p/U.01).
The average volume of both ejaculates had a significant relationship with GOT activity (r=0.55, p/0.05) and with GPT activity (r= -0.73, p/0.01) in fresh semen.
The overall maximum decline in motility was found in SNEYG (53.06%)than in LEYG (45.21%) and TEYG(44.27%). Statistically, the SMEYG had a significant (p/0.0l) decline in motility as compared to TEYG and LEYG,. while the difference between two latter extenders was non-significant. In all extenders, highly significant correlations (p/0.01) were existed between initial motility and motility recorded after extension, freezing and 30 days' storage.
While considering the results, the extenders LEYG and TEYG were found superior than the SMEYG, but TEYG was prefered on LEYG, due to maintaining high motility percentage of spermatozoa along with the minimal enzymes release and it can be used satisfactorily for the preservation of buffalo semen. Regarding the stages of preservation, the maximum enzymes were released after freezing than after extension and after one month storage in liquid nitrogen.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0269,T] (1).
15.
Studies On Postpartum Buffaloes - Changes In Reproductive Organs And Onset Of Oestrus After Parturition
by Munir Ahmnad Ch | Naeem Ullah Khan | Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Muhammed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1985Dissertation note: Thirty five (35) buffaloes of Nili-Ravi breed were studied for postpartum reproductive performance. Involution of the uterus and postpartum ovarian activity were monitored by repeated rectal palpations of the genitalia from day 14 postpartum until first observed oestrus. Buffaloes were checked for manifestation of oestrus for five times a day by using bulls with deviated penis. Buffaloes detected in oestrus were examined rectally and inseminated at 12 and 18 hours after the onset of oestrus.
The mean time required for complete involution of uterus was 27.5 ± 1.4 days with a range from 21 to 66 days. The rate of decrease in diameter from day 14 postpartum to complete involution was slower in non-gravid horn than in gravid horn. This overall uterine involution period was not affected by the month of calving and the age of the buffaloes but lactation number effected it significantly (P<0.06). The diameter of cervix on day 14 postpartum was 88.0 mm for buffaloes calving during March and ranged from 66 to 77 mm for buffaloes calving during other months of the study period. The rate of decrease from day 14 postpartum to complete involution was lower in buffaloes which calved in January (1.00 mm/day) as compared to buffaloes of other months (range 1.1 to 1.5 mm/day). On complete involution the diameter of cervix was 47.0 mm and it ranged 34 to 37 mm in other months of study. There was no effect of age and parity on rate of cervical involution. Similarly the rate of decrease from day 14 postpartum to complete involution, of the gravid and non-gravid horns was not effected by month of calving, age and parity of buffaloes.
The time required from calving to complete regression of corpus luteum was 20.6 ± 1.0 days. This period was found to be effected by the month of calving (P<0.06). The interval from calving to the formation of first palpable follicle averaged 27.4 ± 1.2 days. There was significant effect of resumption of follicular activity on formation of first corpus luteum (P<0.001) and first postpartum oestrus (P<0..001). The incidence of first corpus luteum formation without oestrus activity was 62.9 %. The palpable life span of first corpus luteum averaged 6.6 ± 0.7 days. The interval from calving to formation of first corpus luteum was 38.1 ± 1.5 days. It was significantly affected by the postpartum oestrus interval (P<0.009)
The average postpartum period from calving to first observed oestrus was 124.2 ± 14.5 days and ranged from 22 to 280 days. In 22.9 % buffaloes, postpartum oestrus was observed within 30 days, whereas in 57.1 % buffaloes this period was more than 120 days. This interval was highly correlated with interval to uterine involution (P<0.06) and duration of oestrus (P<0.06) . Onset of oestrus was most frequently i.e in 34.3 % buffaloes were obsered at 22.00 hours, followed by 18.00, 02.00, 06.00 and 12.00 hours in 22.9 %, 17.1 %, 14.3 % and 11.4 % buffaloes, respectively.
In contrast to onset, the termination of oestrus occurred more frequently (77.1 %) during day light hours (6 AM to 6 PM) and 6.00 PM was the time when majority of buffaloes (40 %) terminated their oestrus. The overall duration of first postpartum oestrus was 24.7 ± 1.6 hours and it ranged from 6 to 48 hours. The majority of buffaloes (65.8 %) had the duration of oestrus within 9 to 24 hours.
On the basis of 60 days pregnancy diagnosis, the conception rate to breeding at first oestrus was only 14.30%.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0276,T] (1).
16.
Comparative Efficacy Of Tryupanocidal Drugs And Their Effects On Some Blood Parameters In Equine Trypanosomiasis
by Noor Ahmed Khan | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Muhammed Athar Khan | Naeem Ullah | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1988Dissertation note: Trypanosomiasis causes great losses in equines, if not treated properly. This study was planned to determine the
prevalence and treatment of T.evansi infection with different drugs in equines in and around Lahore. The effect of drugs on DLC and haemoglobin was also determined. For this purpose 350 healthy and suspected horses were examined. Thirty positive cases were divided into 3 equal groups. Two groups were served with two different trials, and 3rd group was kept as untreated infected control. A 4th group was kept as non-infected and untreated control. All the animals were examined at regular intervals for the presence or absence of parasites post-treatment. The DLC and haemoglobin contents were recorded just before and on day 21 post-treatment. The data so obtained was analysed statistically and results were made as under.
1) Prevalence
Out of 350 horses, 37 were positive to T.evansi. The prevalence was 10.57 percent.
2) Efficacy
The Suramin (Naganol Bayer) was 70% Trypanocidal on day 0 and 100Z on day 10 and 21 post treatment; while the Quinapyrainine (Trypacide N & B) was 80% effective on day 5 and 100% on day 10 and 21 post treatment.
3) DLC
Harked Neutropenia with lymphocytosis was observed before tree tinent. The average values of Neutrophils were 42.5 ± 0.65.. 42.6 ± 0.61, 42.7 .± 0.65 and 61.4 .± 0.48 in the 4 groups respectively. The reduction in Neutrophils and increase in lymphocytes was 30.62% and 69.96%. On day 21 after treatment Neutrophil and lymphocyte count became 61.8 ± 0.41 and 55.1 .± 0.56 in group I and II respectively; while the group III and IV revealed no difference in their count. There was 35% increase in Eosinophils of group I, II and III before treatment, the average being 5.6 ± 0.26, 5.2 ± 0.24 and 5.4 ± 0.27 respectively: while the group IV possessed 4.00 ± 0.23% neutrophils. The eosjnophjlja tended to become normal with 29.63% decrease, average being 3.9 ± 0.4 and 3.7± 0.56 in group I and II respectively) on day 21 post-treatment; while this count remained nearly the same in group IV on same day.
The Basophil count remained unchanged before and - after treatment in all the 4 groups. The average values on day 0 were 1.7 ± 0.17, 1.5 ± 0.17, 1.2 ± 0.16 and 1. 1 ± 0. 16 and on day 21 1.6 ± 0. 16, 1.1 ± 0.16, 1.5 ± 0.17 and 1.6 ± 0.2 for group I, II, III and IV respectively.
4) Haemoglobin
There was 38. 78% decrease in haemoglobin content in infected animals. The average values raised up after treatment from 6.03 ± 0.17 and 6.21 ± 0.13 to 8.24 ± 015 and 7.22 ± 0.19 with Suramin (Naganol Bayer) and Trypacide N & B respectively. Suramin (Naganol Bayer) was significantly better than Trypacide N & B in that respect. There was 15.29% decrease in group III after 21 days. The haemoglobin values of group IV remained unchanged.
5) Side Effects
The 40% horses treated with Suramin (Naganol Bayer) revealed signs of hypersensitivity. The 50% of animals treated with Trypacide N & B developed oedemas. at the site of injection.
Note: Quinapyraroine (Trypacide N & B) was concluded to be the drug of choice for equine Trypanosomiasis.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0282,T] (1).
17.
Nutritive Value Of Wheat Straw As Affected By Cultivars Under The Same Agronomical Conditions In Peshawar
by Naeem ullah | Nisar Ahmed | Ehtisham | Javeed Ahmed Qureshi.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: The present. study, which is first of its type in Pakistan, was conducted to identify wheat. straw variety which has inheritedly better feeding value and to investigate the effect of breeding on the quality of wheat. straw and hopefully, it will serve as a base line for further researches in this direction.
During the present study, two adult rumen fistulated buffalo steers, of almost the same age and weights maintained at the animal nutrition section of Veterinary Research Institute Feshawar, were used. Five different varieties of wheat straw namely Firsahak-85, Firsahak-91 , C-518, Blue silver and Khushai grown on the same soil under the same agronomical conditions , were collected each in three replicates from the Agricultural Developrnent. Farm of NWFP. Agricultural University, Peshawar during their harvesting season In May, 1992.
Representative samples of these five test varieties were analysed in triplicate, for nutrient, composition viz; dry matter, ash, crude protein (CP) , crude fibre (CF) , crude fat (EE), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), .Lignin and silica, according to the standard procedures of AOAC (1980) and Goering and Van Soest (1979).
The results of chemical analyses revealed that. there was no difference among the straw varieties in ash, CP, CF, NDF, lignin and silica contents. However, the %age of AUF' and EF in the wheat straw significantly varied (P<0. 05) due to cultivars.
The variety C-518 was apparently higher in CF and EE contents (4. 99% and 0.85% in DM respectively), comparatively lower in CF and ADF (40. 1% and 48. 95% in PM respectively) than the other varieties.
Mean in Sacco matter digestibility of the five wheat straw cultivars were determined at different incubation times of 6, 12 24, 48 and 72 hours by using the nylon bag technique described by Orskov et al (1980). The analysis of variance for the. individual. incubation time indicated that the dry matter digestibility at all the hours except 24 hours significantly varied (P<0. 05) due to cultivars.
Based on the results of in sacco measurements at different hours, the rate of digestibility and other digestibility characteristics were calculated by least squares. The rate of digestibility (C; % per hour) was also significantly different (P<0. 05) among the cultivars. C-518 resulted in more "C' value of 4.4% per hour (F< 0. 05) as compared to the. other four wheat straw cuitlvars. Similarly the effective dry matter digestibility calculated at. a rumen out-flow rate of 0.02 was also significantly affected (P<0. 001) by the straw cultivars and significantly higher (F<0. 05) in C-518 and Khushai. than the other three varieties.
The regression correlation between rate of digestibility and nutrient composition of all the five wheat straw cuitivars were interpreted in accordance to the procedures of steel and Tone (1980) which indicated that the rate of digestibility was postiveiy correlated with CF contents in wheat straw and negatively correlated with CF, ADF, NDF, ash and silica contents in the wheat. straw. However, lignin and EE did not. show any relationship with the rate of digestion of wheat straw.
Dry matter intakes and Energy values were predicted for all the wheat straw cultivars, on the basis of their measurements, using the multiple regression equation developed by Orskov et al (1988) which showed that under practical feeding situations, C-518 cultivar of wheat straw will be consumed by cattle in higher quantities and the same variety will supply 38% more metabolizable energy to the animal.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0336,T] (1).
18.
Studies On The Libido, Matting Behaviour And Breeding Efficienty Of Lohi & Awasi Breeds Of Rams At Different Stage Of Age
by Mansoor Ahmad | Dr . Naeem Ullah Khan | Dr . Rashid Ahmad Chaudhry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1990Dissertation note: Present study was made to assess the relationship beween libido, mating behaviour and breeding performance of two different breeds of rams (Lohi VS Awasi) at different stages of age. In past no parameters have been fixed to investigate the effect of sexual activities on the semen production and breeding potential of rams, at their optimum age in relation to maximum fertility.
A. Six Luhi rams with following age groups.
Group-1: 3 rams of 24-36 months of age
Group-2: 3 rams of 36-48 months of age
B. Six Awasi rms with following age groups.
Group-3: 3 rams of 24-36 months of age
Group-4: 3 rams of 36-40 months of age.
Three hundred ewes of Lohi breed and 300 ewes of Awasi breed with variable parity were selected for this study. The ewes of each breed were randomly divided in to 6 groups (50 ewes per group). Every selected ram of each breed was allocated to one group of ewes. Libido, mating behaviour and breeding potential has been evaluated by using various tests for different physical parameters by recording lambing percentage of artificially inseminated ewes.
A significant difference was observed in the libido and mating behaviour indices within the breeds and within the age groups i.e. 86.997. ± 1.25 vs. 83.557. ± 3.89 (group I vs. II), 82.997. ± 3.17 vs. 79.447. ± 0.49 (group III vs. IV) and 85.837. ± 0.83 vs. 84.847. ± 3.69 (group I vs. II), 81.797. ± 2.50 vs. 84.097. ± 1.04 (group III vs. IV). Whereas a significant difference was also observed in the volumes of ejaculates, percentage of live/dead spermatozoa, percentage of tail and mid piece abnormalities and the average fertility percentage between the rams of all the four groups i.e. 0.98m1 ± 0.03 vs. 1.02m1 ± 0.05 (group I vs. II), 1.2m1 ± 0.04 vs. 1.25ml ± 0.09 (group III vs. IV) and 5.147. ± 0.37 vs. 3.987. ± 0.29 and 6.157. ± 0.45 vs. 4.327. ± 0.42 respectively. Whereas for mid piece abnormalities it was 7.017. ± 0.24 vs. 1.487. ± 0.16 and 6.017. ± 0.2 vs. 1.327. ± 0.9 respectively and 757., 897., 647., 697. for groups I to IV. A high significant difference was also recorded for sperm cell concentration per ml and the percentage of total morphologically abnormal spermetozoa within the breed and within the age groups ie. 2903.83 x i06 ± 24.35 vs. 3829.03 x 106± 40.22 (group I vs. II) and 2992.34 x 106 ± 26.83 vs. 3776.74 x 106 ± 39.73 (group III vs. IV) and 15.977% ± 0.74 vs. 4.74 ± 0.29 (group I vs. II), 16.987. ±0.8 vs. 3.95%. ± .25 (group III vs. IV) . A non-significant difference was found in mass motility, percentage of head abnormalities and percentage of presence of plasma droplet.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0737,T] (1).
19.
Comparative Reproductive Efficiency Amonth Imported Holstein Friesian, Farm Bron Pure Bred Holstein Friesion And Sahiwal cows
by Shamim | Dr. Naeem Ullah Khan | Dr. Atta ur | Dr. Rashid A Ch | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1988Dissertation note: The present study aimed at comparative performance of Sahiwal and Holstein Friesian animals under sub-tropical environmental conditions of Pakistan. The breeding records of 152 Sahiwal and 114 Holstein Friesian (90 Imported Holstein Friesian and 24 dauhters of originally imported animals kept at Harichand) cows were studied during 1978-82. An effort was also made to study the influence of some of the environmental factors on the parameters of reproductive traits. The main salient features of some of the economic traits studied are summarised as follows:
1) Imported, Local born Holstein Friesian and Sahiwal cows matured at 571.16 ÷ 14.13, 689.25 ± 32.74 and 937.27 ± 17.3 days while these heifers calved for the first time at the age of 855.98 ± 15.49, 989.25 + 31.95 and 1354.86 ± 17.72 days, respectively. The data indicate that Imported Holstein Friesian matured at an early age as compared to their daughters and Sahiwal (118-366 days), further Imported heifers calved 134 and 499 days earlier than local born Holstein Friesian and Sahiwal cows.
2) The number of services requiredpei'' conception was 1.47 + 0.054, 1.32 + 0.09 and 2.50 ± 0.09 for Imported Holstein Friesian, their progenies and Sahiwal. The results revealed that more number of services were required for conception in Sahiwal than the other two groups(1.03 to 1.18).
3) The average service period of Imported Holstein Friesian, Farm-born and Sahiwal were found to be 134.18 ± 16.72, 121.03 ± 12.09 and 153.53 ± 15.22 days which shows 13 and 32 days early conception after parturition in Farm-born than Imported Holstein Friesian and Sahiwal cows. Calving season has not affected this trait significantly.
4) The gestation length for Imported Holstein Friesian,their daughters and Sahiwal averaged 278.66 ± 1.21, 282.38 ± 2.38 and 287.86 ÷ 0.61 days, respectively. The data indicate that on an average Sahiwal cows carry their calves 9.20 and 5.48 days more than Imported and Farm-born Holstein Friesian. Season - hEd nc significant affect on Gestation length.
5) The overall average length of calving interval was 411.41 ÷ 17.56, 382.71 ÷ 11.52 and 441.05 ÷ 15.7 days in Imported Holstein Friesian,their progenies and Sahiwal cows. Minimum and Maximum inter-calving period was observed in Farm born and Sahiwal cows. Maximum calving occured in Winter, Autumn and Spring in Imported, Farm-born and Sahiwal while the minimum calving was observed in Summer and Autumn correspondingly.
6) The average lactation length was 323.91, 310.4 and 274.72 days in Imported Holstein Friesian,their daughters and Sahiwal
cows showing 49.19 and 35.68 days shorter duration of Sahiwal than Imported and Farm-born Holstein Friesian,respectively.
7) Milk production of 305 days was 3608.05, 3574.6 and
1727.42 litres respectively. The result revealed that Imported
Holstein Friesian produced significantly more milk than their
contemporary.
8) The dry period averaged 72.51 ÷ 8.76, 81.76 ± 7.15 and
175.35 ÷ 13.61 days in Imported Holstein Friesian,their progenies and Sahiwal while post-partum oestrous period was found to
be as 94.42 ± 10.19, 102.39 ± 10.71 and 93.3 ± 7.45 days correspondingly.
9) The sex ratio of males and females was 59.15:40.85, 67.13 : 32.69 and 57:43 in Imported Holstein Friesiañ, Farm-born and Sahiwal, while culling and mortality percentage was 33.33 and 18.88 in Holstein Friesian while the corresponding figures for Sahiwal 43.42 and 1 .13 per cent.
10) The reproductive efficiency of Imported Holstein Friesian, Farm-born and Sahiwal cows averaged 88.83 ± 1.95, 88.56 ± 2.7 and 85.36 ÷ 14.27 percent respectively. The analysis of variance showed non significant difference in the reproductive efficiency of all the three groups.
Although milk production is higher than Sahiwal, however heigh incidence of mastitis and mortality were the major problems in Holstein Friesian. Further Improvement can be made through controlling mortality and mastitis. To import the exotic breeed in N.W.F.P. was the first attempt, so furthrer investigations are required to draw conclusions on the performance of their crosses with non-descriptive cattle breeds in N.W.F.P. under rural conditions.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1132,T] (1).
20.
Effect Of Thawing At Ambient Temperature On The Qulty Of Frozen Buffalo Semen
by Muhammad Nazir | Dr. Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Dr. M. Yaqoob | Dr. Naeem Ullah Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1985Dissertation note: A total of 30 ejaculates, from ten normally producing Nili/Ravi buffalo bulls, with average fertility results, were obtained for the present study. Semen was extended in Lactose- Fructose-Yolk-Glycerol extender in a one step dilution. Semen packaged in 0.5 ml French straws was frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen for 24 hours before thawing.
Thawing of semen was carried out in a water bath at five ambient temperatures (20°, 25°, 30°,35° and 40°c) and three durations (15, 30 and 60 seconds). Thawing temperature of 37°C for 15 seconds was taken as control.
After each thawing, seminal quality was determined by each of the five testing methods i.e. % progressive motility of spermatozoa, percentage of intact acrosomes at 2 hours of incubation at 38 C, livability, Absolute index of livability, and the sephadex Gel-filteration test.
Analysis of data showed significant differences ( P<0.05) among all 16 thawing procedures on the basis of each evaluation methods used to determine the post-thaw seminal quality.
Analysis of variance revealed that the differences accounted for the temperature alone (P < 0.01) and not the thawing durations. (P>0.01).
Variations among bulls were lower than ejaculates and therefore, interactions of bulls with treatments were not expected (1> 0.05).
Multiple comparisons revealed highest values of seminal quality for all test methods after thawing at 40°C for 15 to 30 seconds.
As thawing of semen at lower temperatures resulted in inferior quality therefore, thawing at an ambient temperature below 35°C could not be recommended.
From the above results it may be concluded that to achieve maximal post-thaw seminal quality (and fertility) and to avoid sperm cell damage with cold shock, thawing of frozen buffalo bull semen be carried out at water bath temperature of 40°C for 15 and 30 seconds during Winter and Summer, respectively.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1135,T] (1).
21.
The Population Of Primordial Follicles In Lohi Sheep
by Naeem Azam Chattha | Dr. Naeem Ullah Khan | Dr. Rashid Ahmad Chaudhary | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1990Dissertation note: The reproductive tracts from sixteen clinically healthy Lohi Ewes of four different age groups were obtained. The ovaries were excised and serially sactioned to permit the histological processing for the study of population of primordial follicles.
In group I of Lohi Ewes (one week to one month of age) an average length, width, thickness of the cervix, body of uterus, right and left horns of the uterus, right and left fallopian tube, right and left ovaries were measured and were as below.
Cervix 0.95 + 0.03 cm X 0.56 + 0.02 cm X 0.32 ÷ 0.18 cm, body of uterus 1.02 ÷ 0.05 cm x 0.77 + 0.02 cm X 0.29 ± 0.02 cm, right horn of uterus 6.28 ÷ 0.13 cm X 0.63 ± 0.03 cm X 0.25 ÷ 0.02 cm, left horn of uterus 5.92 + 0.07 cm x 0.51 + 0.02cm x 0.24 + 0.01 cm, right ovary 1.11 + 0.03cm x 0.79 + 0.04 cm x 0.60 ÷ 0.04 cm, left ovary 0.97 ± 0.03 cm X 0.71 0.03 cm x 0.52 + 0.04 cm, the average length of right fallopian tube was 8.92 + 0.34 cm and left fallopian tube was 7.84 ÷ 0.35 cm.
The average measurements for group II (4-B months of age) were as follows.
Cervix 2.85 ± 0.03 cm X 2.36 ± 0.04 cm X 0.40 ± 0.03 cm, body of uterus 3.13 ÷ 0.11 cm X 2.52 + 0.03 cm X 0.59 ± 0.04 cm, right horn of uterus 10.45 E 0.16 cm X 4.10 + 0.06 cm X 0.71 0.04 cm, left horn of uterus 10.17 + 0.10 cm X 4.01 ± 0.16 cm X 0.59 + 0.03 cm, right ovary 1.52 + 0.01 cm X 1.21 0.04 cm X 0.76 ± 0.06 cm, left ovary 1.44 ± 0.01 cm X 1.20 0.03 cm X 0.71 + 0.05 cm, an average of length of right fallopian tube was 14.96 + 0.43 cm and of left fallopian tube was 13.71 + 0.43 cm.
Similarly in group III (12-18 months of age) the average measurements of same organs were as follows:-
Cervix 5.10 t 0.09 cm X 2.00 ± 0.03 cm X 0.54 ± 0.03 cm, body of uterus 5.10 ± 0.08 cm X 3.88 f 0.02 cm X 0.70 ± 0.03 cm, right horn 18.25 + 0.32 cm X 4.59 + 0.09 cm X 0.83 1- 0.04 cm, left horn 16.25 + 0.09 cm X 4.36 ± 0.08 cm X 0.69 + 0.03 cm, righ ovary 1.67 + 0.03 cm X 1.43 + 0.02 cm X 0.89 ÷ 0.02 cm, left ovary it was 1.53 + 0.02 cm X 1.37 + 0.01 cm X 0.85 ÷ 0.01 cm. The average length of right fallopian tube was 22.57 + 0.55 cm and that of left fallopian tube was 20.81 ÷ 0.53 cm. While in the group IV(24-30 months of age) the average measurement of same organs were as under.
Cervix 5.96 + 0.07 cm X 2.92 + 0.06 cm X 0.58 ± 0.04 cm, body of uterus 5.69 ÷ 0.06 cm X 4.1 + 005 cm X 0.73 ÷ 0.04 cm, right horn 20.27 4- 0.29 cm X 4.79 0.08 cm X 0.91 + 0.03 cm, left horn 18.19 + 0.37 cm X 466 4- 0.03 cm X 0.84 4- 0.05 cm, righ ovary 1.83 + 0.02 cm X 1.41 4- 0.04 cm X 0.95 + 0.02 cm, left ovary 1.71 + 0.03 cm X 1.36 + 0.03 cm X 0.81 -4- 0.01 cm, an average length of right fallopian tube was 24.17 0.27 cm and of left fallopian tube was 21.29 ± 0.18 cm.
In Lohi Ewes of group I the number of primordial follicles varied in right ovary from 61839 to 64287 while in the left ovary from 54942 to 57518 with an average of 63388 to 56655 respectively.
The - number of primordial follicles in right ovary of group II of Lohi Ewes varied from 53896 to 58153 and in left ovary from 46518 to 49734 with an average of 56410 to 48654 respectively.
In group III number of primordial follicles in right ovary varied from 40957 to 44856 similarly in left ovary, it was 31296 to 36343 with an average of 42313 and 33298 respectively.
Similarly in group IV the number of primordial follicles varied in right ovary from 27019 to 29817 and in left ovary from 21054 to 23368 with an average of 28181 and 21971 respectively.
The average of total primordial follicles count in group I was 120043 which varied from 116781 to 121805, in group II 105064 which varied from 100414 to 107887 in group III 75611 which varied from 72204 to 81199 and in group IV it was 50142 which varied from 48073 to 53185. almost non significant difference persist in the number of primordial follicles of right ovaries as well as of the left ovaries of all age groups of the Lohi Ewes.
The right ovaries of all four groups of Lohi Ewes possess significantly (P<0..05) higher number of primordial follicles than left one, even this difference exist in the individuals of the same group.
The Lohi Ewes of group I possess 12.47 percent more primordial follicles than the group II, while 37.01 percent more than group III and 58.22 percent more than the animals of group IV. In all age groups nonsignificant difference was observed in the diameter of follicular nuclei.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1138,T] (1).
22.
Effect Of Thawing At Ambient Temperature On The Quality Of Frozen Buffalo Semen
by Muhammad Nazir | Dr. Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Dr. Muhammad | Dr. Naeem Ullah Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1985Dissertation note: A total of 30 ejaculates, from ten normally producing Nili/Ravi buffalo bulls, with average fertility results, were obtained for the present stidy. Semen was extended in Lactose- Fructose-Yolk-Glycerol extender in a one step dilution. Semen packaged in 0.5 ml French straws was frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen for 24 hours before thawing.
Thawing of semen was carried out in a water bath at five ambient temperatures (20°, 25°, 30°,35° and 40°C) and three durations ( 15, 30 and 60 seconds). Thawing temperature of 37°C for 15 seconds was taken as control.
After each thawing, seminal quality was determined by each of the five testing methods i.e. % progressive motility of
spermatozoa, percentage of intact acrosomes at 2 hours of incu-
0
bation at 38 C, livability, Absolute index of livability, and the
sephadex Gel-filteration test.
Analysis of data showed significant differences ( P L 0.05) among all 16 thawing procedures on the basis of each evaluation methods used to determine the post-thaw seminal quality.
Analysis of variance revealed that the differences accounted for the temperature alone (P L 0.01) and not the thawing durations. (P >0.01). V -39- Variations among bulls were lower than ejaculates
and therefore, interactions of bulls with treatments were not expected (p >0.05).
Multiple comparisons revealed highest values of seminal quality for all test methods after thawing at 40°C for 15 to 30 seconds.
As thawiig of semen at lower temperatures resulted in inferior quality therefore, thawing at an ambient temperature below 35°C could not be recommended.
From the above results it may be concluded that to achieve maximal post-thaw seminal quality (and fertility) and to avoid sperrn cell damage with cold shock, thawing of frozen buffalo bull semen be carried out at water bath temperature of 40°C for 15 and 30 seconds during Winter and Summer, respectively.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1145,T] (1).
