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Identidiation Of Genetic Susceptiblity Of Myopic Loci In Families From Punjab

by Maria Fareed Siddique | Prof.Dr.Masroor Elahi Babar | Dr. Sehrish Firyal | Prof. Dr. Abu.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: Myopia, or nearsightedness, is a condition in which the eye cannot focus on distant objects and sometimes closer ones too. In past different authors reported different loci responsible for myopia. They used specifically synthesized markers for different loci and after conducting linkage analysis through genotyping the myopic families were found to be linked for those loci, whereas, in some studies the cause of myopia was environmental. Till now, linkage studies have identified at least 18 possible loci in 15 different chromosomes associated with myopia, although some of these remain to be confirmed. In past, no study was done in Pakistan on myopic families for finding responsible myopic locus in this regard. So, more conclusive and well-designed studies on family pedigrees of individuals with high myopia were needed to be conducted in Pakistan by using genetic markers associated with myopia. In this study, a panel of microsatellite markers was developed. Blood samples were taken from six myopic families. DNA was extracted. PCR was performed for amplification of these I microsatellite markers on 34 samples belonging to 6 families. Genotyping analysis was performed for the PCR products of microsatellite markers. These results were studied by constructing and analyzing haplotypes on the basis of PAGE gel bands. Heterozygosity, homozygosity, polymorphism with all microsatellites markers, specific for two loci were checked. One family MYO-4 was found to be potentially linked with markers for the locus MYP-18. Another family MYO-5 showed potential linkage for the locus 2q37.2. Remaining four families (MYO-l, MYO-2, MYO-3 and MYO-6) were totally unlinked with all the markers (D14S984, D14S63, D14S999, D2S2202, D2S2968 and D2S338 for both loci demonstrating genetic insusceptibility of myopic loci in developing myopia and thus suggesting the complex genetic variability of myopia. This study will serve as the pioneering database for further research on identifying the genetic heterogenic complexity of myopia. Results of this study lead to development of a panel of microsatellite markers which can be used for linkage studies of more myopic families in Pakistan. This study opens the door for new geneticists as the results can also be helpful in carrying out genetic counseling for the myopic persons who are going to be married and specifically for those who have dominant inheritance. This was a preliminary study on myopic patients in Pakistan and data produced during this study will be helpful for drawing and determining genetic inheritance of expected babies with affected parents and siblings. Moreover this study can become the basis for further research investigations on myopics in Pakistan. CONCLUSION This was a pioneering study to develop panel of microsatellite markers for conducting linkage analysis and genetic characterization of myopic patients in Pakistan. As a result of this successful study a reliable, efficient and very informative panel of microsatellite markers was successfully developed which was capable to interpret individual diseased allelic identity, to be used for conducting linkage analysis through genotyping of myopics in Pakistan. This study will serve as the database for further research on identifying the genetic heterogenic complexity of myopia and also these successful results can be further analyzed in future on more myopics from different areas of Pakistan. This work provokes the need for further research purposes in identifying the genes influencing myopia that could help develop targeted treatments for children who are genetically predisposed to developing myopia. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1177,T] (1).

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Genetic Diversity And Differentiation Of Domestic Buffalo Of Pakistan Through Sky And Zfy Genes Of Y Chromosome

by Muhammad Mudassar Manzoor | Mr. Taneer Hussain | Mr. Muhammad Asif | Prof. Dr. Abu.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: drama Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: Livestock sector plays a vital role in the economy of Pakistan. Main contribution of milk comes from buffaloes and cows. Water buffalo (Bubalusbubalis) is one of the major elements of livestock in the country and possess great importance for economy in the form of milk and meat productions. Nili, Ravi,Nili-Ravi, Kundi and Azakheli are major breeds of water buffalo to be found in different areas of Pakistan. Conventional classification of breeds was based on phenotypic traits. In some cases, recent genetic studies have found differences in the structure proposed. In buffalo ,one has to bear in mind that morphological changes were not the result of adaptation to the environment, but have a social significance thus may not be indicative of the genetic relationship. In recent years Y chromosomal genes have proved to be very useful for the determination of genetic relationship among population. Comparative studies have highlighted the advantages of the SRY and ZFY genes of Y chromosome.These genes have been considered as competent and powerful tool for the purpose of breed characterization and species identification of buffaloes. In livestock sector, water buffalo (Bubalusbubalis) has shown great prospective in numerous Asian countries including Pakistan. Unfortunately, there is lack of genetic data of different buffalo breeds like Nili-ravi and Kundi which needs to be established for their genetic identification.Blood samples from true representative animals of each of the two buffalo breeds (Nili-Ravi and Kundi ) were collected from different Government livestock farms and their respective home tractsin Punjab and Sindh respectively. DNA was extracted by inorganic method and amplification of the SRY and ZFY(exon 5) genes of Y chromosome was done with especially designed primers using Primer3 software in Molecular Biology and Genomics Laboratory at Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore.Specific primers are designed for these genes amplification. Then primers were optimized for successful amplification with minimum reagent concentration. PCR was performed for amplification of SRY and ZFY(exon 5)genes on each sample. Sequencing was conducted on amplicons to find out the different single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) to make haplotypes with the help of bioinformatics software like Blast 2sequence and Neighbour Joining phylogenetic tree was constructed by using MEGA version 5 (Tamuraet al. 2011). The results obtained from this study now can contribute to the establishment of routine DNA typing service to the advantages of the buffalo in livestock industry. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1378,T] (1).

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Identification Of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms In Olri Gene And Its Association With Milk Composition In Cattle Breeds in Pakistan

by Nusrat Majeed | Prof.Dr.Masroor Elahi Babar | Dr. Ali Raza Awan | Prof. Dr. Abu.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: Pakistan being agriculture based country has a great potential in livestock sector. it plays an important role in the economy of the country. Milk is a balanced diet because it contains all the essential nutrients like carbohydrates; fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals and enzymes required for health. In these milk nutrients fat is second most important component of milk. Primary component of milk fat is triglycerides (triacylglycerols or TAG) a typical storage form of lipids. OLRI is the major protein that binds, internalizes and degrades oxidized low density lipoprotein. Ol.Rl as a protein important for oLDL metabol ism may contribute to these effects. Oxidized fat inhibits the expression of lipoprotein lipase and fatty acid transporter genes that causes a reduced uptake of fatty acids into mammary glands. As a result the concentration of triacylglycerols in milk is reduced. OLRl as a protein important for oLOL metabolism may contribute to these effects. OLR J identified as a functional and positional candidate gene product for milk fat percentage and milk fat yield. Polymorphism in Ol.Rl gene increases the milk fat percentage. If polymorphism in Ol.Rl gene is found in Pakistani Sahiwal and Ohanni cattle breeds these were help to screen the animals at younger age and also be used to characterize the different cattle breeds as a milk fat production marker. Unrelated animals were selected for this study. Blood samples were collected from different Go\'1. livestock farms/experimental stations. DNA was extracted by organic method. Primers were designed by using Primer3 software. After DNA amplification by polymerase chain reaction. peR product was sequenced. Sequencing results of the full length OLR I gene were analyzed by alignment of sequences with the help of Blast2sequence software. Novel S Ps were identified. Total of twenty one SNPs were identified in the samples of all breeds that were confirmed at population level by sequencing of each sample. Then total twenty one SNPs were found in all breeds. Most of SNPs were found in intronic regions. In Sahiwal only 5 SNPs are exonic and one of them is common in both Sahiwal and Red Sindhi breeds. Out of total five exonic SNPs, only two were found synonymous and rest of the three exonic SNPs were found to be non synonymous. while all other SNPs are intronic in nature. An intronic SNP is also common between Sahiwal and Dhanni breed. In Red Sindhi a SNP was observed at 3'UTR. Results were analyzed by. using the statistical software POPgene32. The mean value of expected heterozygosity that is 0.3595 is greater than the mean of observed heterozygosity that is 0.0300 that shows low variabil ity in breeds. The mean value for Shannon's Information index (1*) is 0.5421. The aim of research is to identify gene that underlie the genetic variation in bovine milk. fat composition. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1396,T] (1).

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