151.
Physicochemical Factors Affecting Infectivity Of Pesti Des Petits Ruminants Virus
by Kinza Khan | Prof. Dr. Khushi Muhammad | Dr. Jawad Nazir | Dr. Mutti-ur-Rehma.
Material type: ; Format:
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drama
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1636,T] (1).
152.
Isolation And Characterization Of Auxin Producing Bacterial Strains From Plant Rhizosphere
by Kanwal Aziz | Dr. Jawad Nazir | Dr | Prof. Dr. Tahir Yaqub.
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drama
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Auxins are a class of plant hormones or plant growth substances. Auxins have a cardinal role in the regulation of many growth and developmental processes in the plant. Soil samples were serially diluted and screened for auxin production by Salkowski method. Isolates that have the ability to produce auxin were identified by culture characters, morphology, and bio-chemical profile. From 150 isolates, 04 bacteria were selected (AUX-36, AUX-53, AUX-137, and AUX-142). The bacteria were identified by following the flowcharts described in “Berges Mannual of Determinative Bacteriology”, 9th addition. These isolates were identified as Bacillus megaterium, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Bacillus marinus respectively. Next, different physical and chemical parameters for growth of bacteria and auxin biosynthesis were optimized. For the optimization of bacterial growth OD values of the culture broth (at wavelength 600nm) was taken by spectrophotometer. To estimate the amount of auxin (ìg/ml) produced in the culture broth; a standard curve (concentration of auxin ìg/ml at x-axis and OD value at y-axis) was prepared by using commercially available auxin.
The optimum conditions for growth and auxin production by AUX-36 was found to be pH 7, 0.98% osmotic pressure at 37 °C after 72 hours of incubation. If the medium is supplemented with 0.1 and 1.0% glucose, sucrose and peptone then it increased the bacterial growth which ultimately increased the auxin concentration in the broth medium. The growth and auxin
Production by AUX-53 was 0.98% NaCl concentration at 37 °C after 72 hours of incubation. The optimum pH was found to be 7 but it showed good growth at acidic as well as alkaline pH. The addition of glucose and sucrose in the growth medium increased the growth as well as auxin production. The optimum conditions for the growth of AUX-137 were as follows: pH=7, 0.98% osmotic pressure, temperature 37 °C. However the isolate had good growth at 28 °C and 2% NaCl concentration as well. The bacterial cell density and auxin increased with incubation time up to 72 hours. The isolate produced highest concentration of auxin under the same conditions. Similarly, the cell density and auxin increased with the increasing concentration of glucose in the growth medium. Sucrose increased the auxin only in the culture filtrate. While the bacteria AUX-142 showed highest growth as well as auxin production at 42 °C after 72 hours of incubation. The optimum pH and osmotic pressure was found to be 7 and 2% respectively. The cell density and concentration of auxin increased with the increasing concentration of peptone in the growth medium. Addition of tryptophan (1-2%) increased the auxin concentration in the culture supernatant of all isolates.
Next, the seed germination test and plant pot experiment were performed of selected isolates to observe the effect of bacterial inoculation on wheat plants. In seed germination test treatment of seeds with AUX-36, AUX-53 and AUX-142 significantly increased the root length and number of root hairs as compared to non-treated seeds. In plant pot experiment comparison of various growth parameters of inoculated plants with non-inoculated plants revealed the improvement in plant growth by bacterial inoculation.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1684,T] (1).
153.
Isolation And Characterization Of Phytase Producing Microrganism From Soil
by Ghazal Aziz | Dr. Aftab Ahmad Anjum | Prof. Dr | Prof. Dr. Tahir Yaqub.
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Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Phytase is an enzyme of great importance because it is added as a biofertilizer to soil and added in animal feed to increase the uptake of inorganic phosphorous. Phytase production is the property of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) that harbor in rhizosphere part of the soil. These phytase producing bacteria can be utilized as biofertilizers as and can increase the soil fertility and crop production.
Soil samples were collected and screened for the production of phytase (an extracellular) enzyme on phytase screening media (PSM). Six bacterial isolates (PHY02, PHY03, PHY06, PHY07, PHY12, and PHY30) showed distinguished clear zones (> 6mm) on PSM. Isolates were identified as Lactobacillus casei PHY02, Enterobactor intermedius PHY03, Bacillus badius PHY06, Escherichia coli PHY07, Shigella sonnei PHY12, and Klebsiella pneumonia PHY30.
Effect of physical parameters (temperatures, pH and osmotic pressure) on growth and enzyme production by selected isolates was determined. Optimum growth and production of phytae by PHY02, PHY03, PHY06, PHY07, PHY12, and PHY30 (27, 9, 19, 40, 32, and 19 IU, respectively) was at 37°C. PHY07 showed highest enzyme production, followed by PHY30 and PHY02. Isolate PHY06 showed similar growth and enzyme activity at 37°C and 42°C but it was significantly reduced at low temperature. Effect of pH on phytase production on selected isolates indicates that all isolates produces maximum amount of phytase at pH 6.5. At pH 6.5 enzyme units released by PHY02, PHY03, PHY06, PHY07,
PHY12, and PHY30, were 26, 15, 19, 41, 19, and 32 IU, respectively. Production of enzyme decreased with the increase in osmotic pressure. PHY02, PHY03, PHY06, PHY07, PHY12, and PHY30 showed optimum enzyme production (27, 15, 17, 41, 18, and 32 IU, respectively) at 1 % NaCl in PSM (Figure 1C).
Effects of carbon source on both growth and phytase production of isolates showed that PHY03, PHY06, PHY07, PHY12 had significantly higher (P<0.05) cell densities and enzyme production in glucose, while PHY02 and PHY30 had higher enzyme activity at 0.3% lactose.
Nitrogen source in growing media also effects the growth and production of enzyme. PHY02 and PHY12 had better growth and production at 0.1% peptone, while PHY07 and PHY30 had significantly higher phytase level in media modified with peptone but at higher concentration (0.3%). Addition of tryptone in growth medium significantly enhanced the growth and enzyme production by PHY03, and PHY06.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1685,T] (1).
154.
Preparation & Evaluation Of Combined Pre & Fmd Vaccines For Small Ruminants
by Zanira Shakoor | Dr. Jawad Nazir | Prof. Dr. Khushi Mohammad.
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Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: PPR is an acute, febrile and contagious viral disease of small ruminants caused by Morbillivirus. Similarly, FMD is another highly contagious viral disease of cloven hoofed animals that affects more than 33 species of domestic and wild animals. Although disease severity is relatively higher in large ruminants but small ruminants might also play an important role in the epidemiology and transmission of FMD. Mass vaccination is the most effective mean to control viral diseases like PPR and FMD in small ruminants. The present study was designed to evaluate the immune response of goats to various monovalent and bivalent as well as adjuvant and non adjuvant PPRV and FMD "O" virus vaccines. A total of nine groups of animals each comprising 5, were inoculated with various formulations of the vaccines. Serum samples were collected at the beginning and at 1, 2, and 3 months post vaccination. Mean neutralizing antibody titers (MNA) against PPRV and MNA along with complement fixing (CF) antibody titers against FMD "O" in the serum samples were measured to test the efficacy of the vaccines.
Live attenuated wet, gel and oil based PPR vaccines induced 229.2 (±112.79), 253.6(±83.05), and 424 (±182.06) MNA titers in the goats after 3 months of vaccination. Similarly, animals inoculated non-adjuvant, gel based, and oil adjuvant FMD "O" vaccines developed 20(±4.35), 186.2 (±65.39), and 285.8 (±63.80) MNA and 0.4 (±0.894),22.4(±8.76) and 25.6(±8.7) CF antibody titers at 3 months post vaccination (PV). Bivalent (PPRV and FMDV) non adjuvant vaccine induced 249.6(±3.130) and 27.2(±14.53), gel based vaccine induced 306 (±99.82) and 296.2 (±58.21) while the oil based vaccine provoked 417.8 (±141.56) and 286 (±97.13) MNA titres against PPRV and FMD "O" virus respectively, at 3 months PV. Results of present study demonstrate that live attenuated PPRV vaccines can induce better immune response in comparison to killed FMD "O" virus vaccine. Addition of adjuvants is helpful to enhance the immunogenicity of the added antigens. While adjuvant bivalent vaccines containing PPRV and FMD "O" virus can effectively provoke equivalent antibody response against both of the immunogens in the vaccine.
Antibody titee in response to Bivalent vaccine of PPR and FMD seotype"O" containing oil as an adjuvant was superior to gel adjuvant and non adjuvant bivalent vaccines. There was poor immune response of goats to non adjuvant FMD"O" vaccines.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1698,T] (1).
155.
Isolation Identification & Molecular Based Investigation Of Bovine Rotavirus
by Ambreen Masood | Prof. Dr. Tahir Yaqoob | Dr. Jawad Nazir | Dr. Sehrish Firyal.
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Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Livestock is an important part of the economy of Pakistan. Calf's diarrhea due to group A bovine rotavirus causes high morbidity and mortality, which results in significant economic losses to livestock. In Pakistan overall prevalence of bovine rotavirus infection is 2.6%. As Pakistan is a developing country, survival of calves is really important to produce milk, meat and hides for propagation of livestock. The aim of current study was to isolate bovine rotavirus from faecal samples of diarrheic calves by antigen capture ELISA and molecular investigations. So, it was helpful to check the prevalence of bovine rotavirus in Lahore district.
This study will be a milestone for better treatment strategies of calf diarrhea problem. It will also pave the way for better vaccine development strategies to cure the disease. A total of 100 diarrheic faecal samples of cattle and buffalo's calves less than three months of age were collected from Lahore district. Rotavirus screening was done by direct sandwich ELISA by using commercial Rotavirus detection kit (Cypress Diagnostics, Belgium). ELISA confirmed 12 samples to be positive for bovine rotavirus. Among 12 positive samples, 7 were found positive in buffalo calf and 5 in cattle calf. After RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, the PCR was done for amplification of VP4 gene of all ELISA positive bovine rotavirus samples. But only 5 samples (3 buffalo calf samples and 2 cattle calf samples) give desired product of 880 bp of VP4 gene. After sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, phylogenetic tree was constructed. It is evident that Pakistani bovine rotavirus VP4 gene (BRV/QOL/13) has maximum identity of 98% with Indian bovine rotaviruses VP4 gene.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1707,T] (1).
156.
Production And Evaluation Of Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus Vaccine
by Muhammad Aness | Prof. Dr. Khushi Muhammad | Prof. Dr. Masood Rabbani.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: PPR is an acute highly contagious viral disease of small ruminants which is endemic in Pakistan. Present study was aimed to evaluate the freeze dried PPRV vaccine with variable biological titer to induce protective immune response in beetal goats. The comparative immune response of animals to adjuvant and non-adjuvant vaccine and duration of immunity was also studied. Effect of boosting on the humoral immune response of animals as well as shelf life of various vaccines was also evaluated. Each of the vaccines was inoculated in a group of five animals. Serum samples were collected at specified time intervals and antibody levels were detected through cELISA as PI values and neutralization test as MNA titer.
The virus was propagated on the Vero cells. It was estimated that infecting 2 x 107cells with 104.00 TCID50 virus concentrations added to a T-175 cell culture flask at the time of subculture yielded maximum virus titer in the cell culture harvest following three freeze thaw cycles of the contents. The freeze dried vaccine with a biological titer of 105.00 TCID50 per dose provoked maximum antibody titer followed by the ones with a titer of 104.00 or 103.00TCID50 which provoked nearly equivalent protective immune response while the animals inoculated with a vaccine having 102.00 TCID50virus concentrations developed minimum antibody titer. The oil adjuvant PPRV vaccines elicited significantly higher antibody titer in comparison to gel based vaccines but however minimum antibody titers were detectable in response to freeze dried vaccines. Although protective antibody level (? 10 neutralizing antibody units) was detectable in the animals vaccinated with either oil based, gel based or freeze dried vaccine containing biological titer of 104.00 TCID50 but however the extent and duration of immunity was found to be most superior in response to oil based vaccines. It can be concluded that a single shot of either gel or oil based vaccine can provide protection in the vaccinated animals for a minimum of one year duration. Goats receiving a booster dose of the vaccines had a significantly higher antibody tier in comparison to the ones who received single dose of the vaccines. The freeze dried and wet vaccine kept at 4 °C did not show any significant drop in the biological activity of the virus even after 12 months of storage. Immunogenicity of the both adjuvant and non-adjuvant vaccines, as measured through the immune response in the vaccinated animals, also remained unaffected after 12 months of storage at 4 °C.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1731,T] (1).
157.
Immunobiological And Molecular Characterization Of Pasteurella Multocida From Buffaloes
by Muhammad Kamran | Prof. Dr. Mansur-ud-Din Ahmad | Dr. Aftab Ahmad Anjum | Prof. Dr. Azhar.
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drama
Publisher: 2012Dissertation note: Hemorrhagic septicemia is an acute bacterial disease of buffaloes and cattle caused by Pasteurella multocida. In the present study, 400 samples (200 from carriers and 200 from sick animals) from Sargodha division were collected. Among four districts of the division, 15 samples were positive by API Kit, 13 by conventional biochemical tests and eleven were found positive for P. multocida through serological and molecular characterization. Biochemical profile index obtained with API kits had lesser accuracy than conventional and serological profiles for the identification of P. multocida. Passive mouse protection test and AGPT were used for serological confirmation. Different molecular techniques like SDS-PAGE, PCR and RFLP were used to investigate variation at the molecular level in field and vaccinal strains. There were no significant variation between field isolates and vaccinal strain in sick animals and carriers, or in isolates of different districts. Five major and three minor polypeptide bands were observed by SDS-PAGE. Genetic relatedness among the isolates was assessed by cluster analysis using Fingerprint Analysis of Missing Data (FAMD) of 12 isolates. The12 isolates clustered into 5 groups namely I, II, III, IV and V. Group I and II consisted of only one isolate in each (8.33%) of the total designated BKC-01 (S5) and KBO-01 (S1), respectively. Group III composed of 2 isolates (16.67%) namely KBC-02 (S4) and MNO-01 (S2). Group IV had the highest numbers of isolates (50%) designated as KBC-02 (S3), MNO-01 (S6), BKO-02 (S7), MNC-02 (S8), SGO-02 (S9) and V. Only two isolates were typed in group V (16.67%) named as SGO-01 (S10) and BKO-01 (S11).
The size of amplified gene was 460 bp. HindIII I endonuclease cleaved bacterial genome at four sites as compared to other four enzymes (DNase1, PstlI, EcorI and BamHI) change the writing of these enzymes which cleaved at two sites. The isolates were also subjected to ten routinely used antibiotics for sensitivity testing and found enrofloxacin as drug of choice with 90.91% sensitivity, followed by gentamycine, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacine and norfloxacine (72.73%), ampicillin and amoxycillin (45.45%), amikacin (36.36%) and lowest to sulfadiazine and erythromycine (18.18%).
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1767,T] (1).
158.
Molecular Identification Of Soil Borne Bacillus Anthracis From Districts Lahore And Sheikhupura
by Tariq Jamil | Prof. Dr. Masood Rabbani | Dr. Muhammad Zubair Shabbir | Prof. Dr.
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drama
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Background:
Anthrax is a bacterial zoonotic disease caused by Bacillus anthracis. Accurate assays for etiological identification are necessary to ensure proper veterinary and medical health facilities against such diseases. Real-time PCR is a powerful technique to identify this organism based on the presence of two unique plasmids (pXO1 and pXO2) and is highly preferable technique over conventional detection assays in clinical and environmental samples both.
Methodology:
Real Time-PCR technique was used to identify Bacillus anthracis bacteria in the soils of districts Lahore and Sheikhupura. Soil samples were collected from each village of both districts and processed for genome extraction using commercial soil DNA extraction kit. Following genome extraction, the samples were run further for real-time PCR analysis. Positive controls, primers and probes were provided by the Penn state University. SPSS software and pearson's chi square distribution test were used for statistical analysis.
Findings and Suggestions:
Real-time PCR was found as a powerful tool to detect Bacillus anthracis in environmental samples. The bacterium detected was of non-virulent type and showed associations with soil humidity and land use. Further studies may include study of the bacterium with respect to soil-chemistry and sero-prevalence among positive areas of the two districts. Strain characterization is also recommended. The present results may also help in ecological niche modelling by using spatial mapping techniques. Such studies will help in a better understanding of soil as a reservoir for zoonotic organisms and surveillance of the diseases.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1817,T] (1).
159.
Comparative Analysis Of Respiratiory Microbiota From Clinically Healthy And Deseased Broiler Breeders
by Husnain Ahmed | Prof. Dr. Masood Rabbani | Prof. Dr. Khushi Muhammad.
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Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: The pulmonary system of birds is a considered a reservoir of innumerable bacterial pathogens including those which are subject to public health significance. This scenario makes respiratory tract of birds prone to many bacterial infections as well. There are many respiratory outbreaks in poultry that causes huge economic losses and a number of bacterial pathogens either acting as primary or secondary pathogen can be held responsible for these losses. A very small fraction of (<1%) of bacterial species are culturable, limited as well as highly variable and time consuming conventional microbiological procedures have typically excluded the normal flora present in the respiratory tract or have restricted the analysis to potential pulmonary pathogens. Due to unculturable nature of many bacterial species there is a very little room left for discovering or determining novel organisms or pathogens and their association with clinical outcomes through conventional microbiological procedures. With the advancement of technology metagenomic analysis of a given sample has emerged as a major culture independent technique for identification of many pathogens, by reading the hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene, culture-independent technique such as 454-pyrosequencing, can provide species specific sequence of any bacteria in a given sample.
A total of 12 T-BAL samples from breeder birds were selected based upon the quality and quantity of the double-stranded gDNA. Using 454 bar-coded pyrosequencing, the hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene corresponding to V1 – V5 (~ 1,000 bp) were sequenced. Of the high-quality reads obtained (296,811) using the MOTHUR platform, the sequences were processed for sequence alignment with the 16S RDP database via BLASTn, and subsequent taxonomic analysis through MEGAN programs using a homology-based method to bin sequence reads. The results of study indicate that birds harbor a diverse microbial community including number of phyla, families, genera and characterized bacterial species. The bacterial communities were relatively conserved at the phylum level; however, at lower taxonomic levels, differences were observed in the phylotypes and abundance between the clinically diseased and healthy birds. As indicated by the rarefaction plot and the Shannon-Wiener and Simpson-Reciprocal diversity indices, the biodiversity and richness in the taxonomic content was higher in the clinically healthy birds compared with the diseased birds. Regardless of the bird health status a number of new species were identified. A number of these bacterial species have been found to be associated with infectious diseases in humans and other species, although the clinical importance of these bacteria as part of the respiratory microbiome of birds has not been established.
As the nature of bacterial species is to constantly act with one another and, potentially, with the birds themselves provides an interesting avenue for continued research. There is a need to conduct further clinico-pathological studies to establish the link between causes versus effects.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1826,T] (1).
160.
Evaluation Of Food Safety Of Common Salads And Antimicrobial Activity Of Natural Dressings
by Awais Fida | Dr. Arfan Ahmad | Dr. Ali Ahmad.
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drama
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Salad is a commonly consumed raw food which is equally favored by each group of the society. The consumption of these salads among common man has been increased in recent past. Several outbreaks have been reported throughout the world regarding to GIT tract infections and isolation of thermotolerent FC. Coliforms or especially Fecal coliforms are considered indicator organism whose absence ensures the lack of non pathogenic bacteria.
The objectives of the present study was to evaluate the sanitary condition followed by food practitioners in Lahore area and the effect of natural salad dressings with respect to varing concentrations of NSDs, at different temperature and interval of exposure.
A total of 60 samples were purchased from local market, 12 of the samples were collected from each selected area (i.e. Anarkali, Gawalmandi, Samanabad, Sanat Nagar and Shad Bagh) while the sample purchased from each area is from 4 different shops (3 from each) i.e. Burgar salad, Gravey Chana salad, Halwa Puri salad and Bar-B-Q salad shops.
The samples were transported to UDL, UVAS, Lahore under cooled chain and subjected for analysis to enumerate the quality by estimating FC using MPN method (FDA 2010). Samples are divided into 4 sections. One was taken as control and the others were taken as experimental and subjected to various concentrations of NSD's, after exposing to 5, 15 and 30min to antimicrobial agents the samples are transmitted to triplet of test tubes containing EC broth. The inoculated tubes were provided with 24-48 hours incubation at 44.5oC.
The gas production in tubes indicted the presence of FC, so values were calculated using MPN table (Annexure XXV) and log values were written to get log reduction values.
More than 70% salad samples collected from selected areas were found unhealthy for consumption. Maximum contamination was observed in salads which are being served with night meals (i.e BBQ salad) while Anarkali was found an area with maximum of positive samples. The contaminations were least recorded in winters while maximum in rainy season. Among the NSD's Vinegar was considered best antimicrobial agent followed by Lemon and Garlic but statistically no significant difference between these two were observed. There was no significant relationship observed between temperature-time, concentration-time and temperature-concentration of NSD.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1829,T] (1).
161.
Identification Of Multiple Drug Resistant (Mrd) Mastitis Causing Bacteria In Dairy Goats
by Muhammad Faisal najees | Dr. Aftab ahmad anjum | Prof. Dr. mansur-ud-Din ahmad.
Material type: ; Format:
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not fiction
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1852,T] (1).
162.
Physico-Chemical Factors Affecting The Growth Of Bovine Rotavirus
by Wardah sharmeen syed | Prof. Dr. Tahir yayub | Dr Muhammad Zubair shabbir | Dr.Muhammad.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1924,T] (1).
163.
Seroprevalence Of Bluetongue In Domestic Animals
by Farid ahmed khan | Prof..Dr. Khushi Muhammad | Ms. Sehrish | Prof. Dr Tahir yaqub.
Material type: ; Format:
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not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1925,T] (1).
164.
Bacillus Thuringiensis Toxins Biological Control Aginst Aedes Aegypti
by Qurat ul ain hanif | Prof. Dr Tahir yayub | Dr.Sehrish firyal | Prof. Dr.Khushi Muhammad.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1929,T] (1).
165.
Evaluation Of Probiotic Potential Of Locally Characterized Lactobacillus Spp. In Broiler
by Saima asghar | Dr.Muhammad Nawaz | Mr. Muhammad Asad ali | Prof. Dr.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1931,T] (1).
166.
Bacterial Growth Inhibition Based Detection Of Beta-Lactam Antibiotic Residues In Milk
by Sana moin | Prif. Dr. Masood rabbani | Dr Ali ahmad | Dr. Yasin tipu.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1954,T] (1).
167.
Characterization Of Beta-Lactamase Producing Genes From The Chicken Meatborne Antimicrobial Resistant
by Ayesha tabassum | Dr. Ali ahmad sheikh | Prof. Dr.Masood rabbani.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1955,T] (1).
168.
Microbiological And Physiochemical Analysis Of Drinking Water From Human And Veterinary Hospitals
by Kiran batool | DR. Arfan ahmad | Dr Hassan mushtaq | DR. jawad nazir.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1958,T] (1).
169.
Isolation Characterization And Optimization Of Potential Probiotic Bacteria From Poultry Droopings
by Muhammad Hashim khan | Prof. Dr. Aftab ahmad anjum | Dr. Jawad nazir | Prof. Dr. Mansur-ud-din.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1991,T] (1).
170.
Comparative Study On Prevalence And Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern Of Extendedspectrum B- Lactamase
by Karam rasool | Prof. Dr. Masood rabbani | Dr. Ali ahmad sheikh | Dr. Muhammad.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1992,T] (1).
171.
Screening And Characterization Of Phytase And Bile Salt Hydrolases Producing Probiotic Lactobacilli Isolated
by Madiha arif | Dr. Muhammad Nawaz | Prof. Dr. Khushi muhammad.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2001,T] (1).
172.
Isolation And Characterization Of Antibiotic Resistant Lactobacilli From Fermented Food Products
by Shahgull | Dr. Muhammad Nawaz | Prof. Dr | Prof. Dr. Aftab anjum.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2002,T] (1).
173.
Screening Of Indigenous Microalgae For Antimicrobial Activities And Growth Optimicrobial For Mass Production
by Imran hanif | Prof. Aftab ahmad anjum | Dr. Jawad nazir | Ms. Sehrish firyal.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2015,T] (1).
174.
Production Of Hyperimmune Yolk Against K99 Enterotoxigenic E. Coli Purification Of Lgy
by Khadija abid | Prof. Dr. Tahir yayub | dr. M. wasim | Prof. Dr.Khushi muhammad.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2057,T] (1).
175.
A Comparative Study On The Efficacy Of Two Newcastle Disease Vaccines Administered Through Aerosol Method,
by Saeed, M | Sheikh Muhammed Amin | Muhammed Ajmal | Sheikh Altaf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1984Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0155,T] (1).
176.
Study Of The Immunomodulatory Effects Of Aflatoxins On The Development Of Immunity Against Newcastle Disease
by Khawar Mahboob | Ata-Ur -Rehman Rizvi | Asif Rabbani | Muhammed Ajmal | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
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not fiction
Publisher: 1987Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0159,T] (1).
177.
Studies On The Isolation And Serotyping Of Salmonellae From Faecal Material Of Sheep And Goats From Different Markets
by Imtiaz Ahmad, Bhuttar | Ata - Ur - Rehman Rizvi | Mubasher | Muhammed Narrm | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1986Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0166,T] (1).
178.
Sero-Epidemiological Survey Of Bovine Viral Diarrhea In Lahore Using Agar Gel Diffusion Technique, With An Attempt On Isolation of Virus
by Fahim Ahmad, Bhatti | Ata Ur -Rehman Rizvi | Muhammed | Muhammed Amin Sheikh | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1989Dissertation note: The seroloical study was carried out on one thousand serum samples collected randomly from abbatoirs at Lahore city. Of these serum samples 645 were from buffaloes while 55 were of cattle origin. This study was undertaken to study- the seroepidemiology off bovine viral diarrhea in and around Lahore city. Agar gel precipitation test was used for detecting antibodies in the Sera of animals. The primary bovine kidney cell cultures were used for culturing the bovine viral diarrhea virus and the antigen for immuno-diffusion tests was prepared from the infected cells.
An overall incidence of 8.6% was revealed by the agar-gel immuno-diffusion tests. The tests showed 914% buffaloes as having antibodies against bovine viral diarrhea, while '76% of the cattle showed positive results.
The influence of various epidemiologi- cal factors was proven. Higher prevalence rate was observed in the buffaloes as compared to the cattle. The age group of the animals was also found to be one of the factors affecting the distribution of bovine viral diarrhea antibodies, as maximum number of reactors were detected in the 10 years and above age group through agar-gel precipitation tests. Attempts were made on the isolation of virus on primary bovine kidney cell cultures, but were not successful.
The results of the study revealed few animals having precipitating antibodies in their sera. It shows that the disease is not widespread amongst the animals in our area; bit 8till calls for an emergent response from
experts and relevant agencies for mass scale surveys to get a better understanding of the disease and its epidemiology.
Bovine viral diarrhea - Mucosal disease complex has a great economic impact on the livestock industry in general and on the dairy and breeding programmes in particular. As Pakistan is a developing country and the economy relies heavily on the agriculture and livestock resources, therefore, control measures should be adopted without delay to have a proper check on this malady before it spreads to an un-controlable extent.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0167,T] (1).
179.
Isolation And Identification Of Clostridium Tetani From Oil And Dust Samples, From Various Sources In Lahore, and Study of Their Pathogenicity
by Neelam Muizzuddin | Mukhtar Ahmed Chaudry | Muhammed Naeem | Tufail | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1982Dissertation note: Tetanus is a sporadic disease caused by infection with Clostridiurn tetani, a rod shaped anaerobic organism which has been frequently isolated from soil and the faeces of man and animals especially horses.
Two hundred soil and dust samples from different areas of Lahore were studies for the occurance of Clostridiurn tetani. Out of these 28 (13%) were positive for the presence of Clostridium tetani. Of these 26 positive samples, 4 out of 50 (8%) were from roads and areas not frequently used by horses: 9 out of 50 (18%) from roads frequently used by horses; 6 out of 50 (12%) from horse stables and 14% positive from the Veterinary Hospital. The results were significant.
The samples were cultured on five different media namely cooked meat medium, nutrient broth, thioglycollate broth,nutrient agar and blood agar. A comparison of the growth media showed a highly significant result.
Study of pathogenicity indicated a total number of 17 pathogenic samples out of the 26 samples positive, for Clostridium tetani. LD titre indicated the highest frequency (35.3%) between range of io425 and 10475number of organisms per ml. of medium.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0169,T] (1).
180.
Studies On The Isolation And Serotyping Of Salmonellae From Mesenteric Lymph Nodes And Faecal Samples Of Camels From Lahore Abattoir Lahore Abattoir
by Javaid Masood | Muhammed Naeem | Ata - Ur - Rehman Rizvi | Manzoor | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1986Dissertation note: The study was undertaken to detrmine the Salmonellae carrier state in camel, in an attempt to understand the epidemiologica] role played by this animal in transmission of Salmonellosis to other animals and man
The faecal and mesenteric lymph gland samples were collected from 100 apparently healthy camel a slaughtered at Lahore abattoir. Each sample was enriched in selenite troth arid isolates passed through a series of differential and selective media for an effective primary isolation and purification of Saimonellae.
The identification of isolates was carried out on the basis of their morphology, biochemical characteristics and serology. The serology was carried out using standard polyvalent "0", and "H" group arid type specific antisera by rapid spot agglutination test.
The Salinonellae were isolated from isolated from any faecal samples, giving an isolation percentage of 2.0 in this species.
On the basis of biochemical studies and serology it was observed that both the isolated strains of Salmonella belonged to Salmonella typhimrium.
The camel was found to be carrier of Salmonella typhimurium and could act as a source of infection for animals and man. Further work on large scale is recommended.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0171,T] (1).
181.
Immune Response In Chicks Administered Mukteswar And Lasota Strain Newcastle Disease Vaccines Through Different Routes (Intraocular, Drinking Water, Subcutanequsly And Intramuscularly)
by Raza-ul-Haq | Muham,med Akram Muneer | Ata Ur | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1989Dissertation note: This study was under-taken to compare the immune response of 6 weeks old chickens which were administered Mukteswar and LaSota Strain NDV Vaccines through different routes (intraocular, drinking water, subcutaneous or intramuscular).
Birds in groups E and G which were subcutaneously and intramuscularly vaccinated with the Mukteswar strain of ND Vaccine had GMT of 181. and 315 respectively. All the vaccinates resisted virulent NDV challenge and did not show any clinical signs or untoward reaction following challenge. The groups F & H which were vaccinated subcutaneously and intramuscularly with LaSota Strain of ND Vaccine had GMT of 74 and 91, respectively. All the vaccinates of groups F and H resisted challenge. Groups A and B were administered Mukteswar and LaSota Strain of ND Vaccine intraocularly. Their GMT was 84 and 45,. respectively. LaSota Strain Vaccine conferred 80% protection while the Mukteswar Strain Vaccine afforded 92% protection.
Groups C and D were administered Mukteswar and LaSota Strain ND Vaccines through drinking water. Their GMT on 21 days postvaccination was 74 and 6.9 respectively. The postchallenge protection rate of Mukteswar and LaSota Strain vaccines was 72 percent and 68 percent, respectively.
This study indicates that the Mukteswar strain induces higher HI titre and protection percentage than the LaSota Strain irrespective of the route of administration.
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182.
Study On The Immunomodulatory Effects Of Aflatoxins On The Development Of Immunity Against Fowl Cholera Vaccine In Layer Chicks
by Hamid Jalal Mian | Muhammed Ajmal | Mubasher | S. Ata - Ur -Rehman | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1988Dissertation note: The irmmunomodulatory effects of aflatoxin on the development or acquired immunity n Layers against fo-wi cholera vaccine were studled A group of 72day old Hybred layer chicks was raised on alfatoxin free feed for 6-weeks, when the experiment was started. On 42nd day of age, the birds were divided into six groups, T1, T2, T3, T4 K1, and K2
With birds in each group. A dose of 2.1 ug/g of feed was added in the ration of all the groups i.e. T1, T2, T3, except T4, which was injected i/c with single LD50) dose of aflatoxin, while K1 and K 2 were kept as vaccine no-toxin and non-toxin - non-vaccine control respectively. Group T1 was fed, toxin continuously for 42 days i.e. 42 nd of age to 84th day of age while T2 and T3 were fed toxin for 21 days, before and after vaccination i.e. 42nd to 63rd dayand 63rd to 84th day respectively. All the groups except K2 were vaccinated on 63rd day.
The antibody titres were measured, using two serological techniques i.e. indirect haemagglutination test and enzyme linked immunosorbant assay.
The results have shown that in group T1 the antibody titires of the birds could not develop to a sufficient level as compared with the vaccine control (K1) group. While in group T2 , the antibody titres rose to a sufficient level in about 14 days post-vaccination (which persisted almost on the same level till 84th day) and were quite comparable with group K but significantly higher than group T. Birds in group T3, showed a temporary increase in antibody titres which sharply decline to a very low level in about 2 weeks post-vaccination and registered a fall after the challenge. In group T4, the birds did not show any immunosuppressive reaction. The titres obtained on 70th, 77th and 84th day of age were comparable with group K1, while significantly higher from the groups T1, T3, and K2.
On the 84th day of age, all the groups were challenged with virulent strain of P.multocida Robert type-IT, which killed 11 out of twelve birds in group K2, one out of 12 in group T and 3 out of 12 in group T4, showing typical lesions of fowl cholera, while the rest 'of the birds of all groups survived one week post challenge, when the experiment was termina- ted by slaughtering the survivors. Their titres were measured and a significant decrease in titres of all the groups was recorded.
The results showed that, when aflatoxin was given continuously before and after vaccination and even if only after vaccination for a certain period of time, could greatly depress the antibody formation, but did not reduce the protective effect of vaccine on birds who despite very low titres of antibodies survived the challenge with virulent P. multocida.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0175,T] (1).
183.
Comparative Study On Strain Characteristics Of Streptococcus Pyogenes Isolated From Human And Animal Sources
by Anwar ul Hassan | Ata ur Rizvi | Sheikh Muhammed Amin | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1984Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0181,T] (1).
184.
An In Vitro Evaluation Of Trimethoprim Sulphamethoxazole (Septram Wellcome) As An Anti-Microbial Agent
by Waheed, A | M.Ajmal | A.H.Gillani | M.A.Majeed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1972Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0182,T] (1).
185.
Isolation Of Infectious Bursal Disease (Gumboro Disease) Virus From Infected Birds Based Upon Lesions In Embryonated Eggs
by Khalid Iqbal | Muhammed Naeem | Sheikh Muhammed Amin | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1988Dissertation note: A number of 30 bursae of fabricius were collected from the birds suspected for Infectious Bursal Disease, brought to the Disease Diagnostic Section, Poultry Development Centre (P.R.I.), Rawalpindi and Animal Sciences Institute, National Agriculture Research Council, Islamabad. Each sample was processed and inoculated through allantoic sac route in five embryonated eggs of 9 to 11 days. Eggs showing embryo deaths between 48 hours post inoculatiom were discarded as it was non specific embryo mortality. Five embryonated eggs were kept as control. Five serial passages were done to check the embryo mortality pattern.
Out of 30 samples, nine samples showed a typical Infectious Bursal Disease embryo mortality pattern i.e. 100% mortality at first passage, 30 to 33% mortality at second passage and 0% in subsequent passages. Seven samples showed a positive reaction in Agar Gel Precipitation Test out of nine samples. The incidence of Infectious Bursal Disease was 3 .3% in and around Rawalpindi.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0183,T] (1).
186.
Isolation And Serotyping Of Salmonella From Wild Animals And Birds At Lahore Zoo
by Iftikhar Ahmad, Malik | Muhammed Ajmal | Ata_Ur- Rehman | Mubasher | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1989Dissertation note: The occurrence of salmonellae in a variety of zoo animals including carnivores, primates, ruminants, avifauna, rodents etc was investigated.
The faeoal samples of 500 wild animals and birds examined yielded 9 strains of salmonella, giving an incidence of 1.8%. Of these '7 strains from pigeons and rabbits were confirmed as Salmonella ty-phimuriuni and 2 strains from pheasants were confirmed as Salmonella pullorum. The relative percentage of each species was found to be 1.4% and 0.4% respectively. Salmonella typhimurium have a vex wide host range including human being. It Is therefore recommended to adopt proper hygienic measures at Lahore Zoo. Further work on a much large scale is recommended.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0187,T] (1).
187.
Studies On The Isolation And Characterization Of Staphylococus Aureus From Milk With Special Reference
by Samad Khan, A | M.Naeem | M.Saeed | S.A.Basra | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1984Dissertation note: Staphylococcus aureus being an umbiquitous potential pathogen of man and animal, can contaminate the milk by either of the two sources. The present study was designed to find the source of origin of the isolated strains on the basis of their haemolytic behaviour. Thus, from 200 raw market milk samples Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 179 samples. Out of these 179 strains 100 were randomly selected for the study of their haemolytic pattern on sheep bloc4and rabbit blood agar plates incubated aerobically.
It was found that 27 strains were Alpha-haemolytic, 46 were beta-haemolytic whereas 27 strains showed a mixed behaviour of alpha-beta type. It was concluded that both man and animal were the source of contamination of milk, the percentage of animal strains being higher than the human.
The Standard Plate Count showed that out of 200 samples 90 (45%) had a count of grade B raw milk, while 110 samples (55%) had a bacterial count of grade C raw milk. 126 (63%) samples out of 200 had a Coliform count of more than 10, while 74 samples (37%) had a count of less than 10 coliforms per ml of raw market milk tested. There was a positive correlation between high bacterial count and the presence of Staphylococcus aureus in milk.
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188.
Studies On The Isolation And Serotyping Of Salmonella From Gall-Bladder Of Buffaloes Slaughtered At Abattoirs In Lahore
by Munir Ahmad, M | S.Ata-Ur-Rehman Rizvi | Muhammed Naeem | Zafar Iqbal | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1987Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0192,T] (1).
189.
Cultural Evidence Of Organism And Specific Antibody Levels Of Past Multocida Carriers In Buffaloes
by Tahir Yaqub | Muhammed Amin Sheikh | Ata-Ur- Rehman Rizvi | Zafar Iqbal | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1988Dissertation note: Blood samples and laryngeotracheal material of 500 buffaloes, slaughtered at various abattoirs of Lahore, in the month of February, 1988 through June, 1998, were collected and processed for ascertaining carrier condition for Past. Multocida and its effect on the serum antibody levels.
Of the total number of buffaloes examined, the organism was isolated from 23 (4.6 per cent) animals when the laryngeotracheal region was swabbed directly after slauther.
The erum samples from 23 past. Multocida carrier animals were examined for the presence of specific antibodies. Consequently 19 (82.60%) animals proved positive. A similar examination was conducted on sera of 60 non-carrier animals, where, only 5 were found positive. It is hopefully thouth that the findings of this project will provide utilitarian information regarding the role of carriers in epidemiology of HS and its control.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0193,T] (1).
190.
Studies On The Occurrence Of Rabies Virus In Saliva Of Apparently Normal Dogs In Lahore
by Aftab-ur-Rehman | Ata-Ur-Rehman Rizvi | Muhammed Ajmal | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1985Dissertation note: Rabies, is invariably a fatal viral infection of Central Nervous System effecting almost all species of warm blooded animals and man. The disease is causing considerable loss of human and animal life in the country. Sporadic cases of rabies occurred throughout the year, but during the Spring and fall the disease assumes an epidemic form. How the disease perpetuates in nature is not yet clearly understood as mortality rate is almost 100% in affected animals. Some references were available in the literature regarding the possibility of existence of survivors and carriers of' rabies in different animal species.
In order to understand the epidemiology of disease an attempt was made, in the present work, to look for the possibilities of existance of carriers among dog population in the city.
A total of 214 apparently healthy domestic dogs together with 100 stray dogs were tested for the presence of rabies antigen in the salivary gland and brain by Fluorescent antibody test. In case of stray dog rabies antigen was detected in 5 animals including 2% animals secreting virus in salivary gland and 3% animals with antigen both in salivary gland and brain, while in case of domestic do6 animals showed rabies antigen in saliva and 4 animals both in saliva and brains.
Simultaneously 48 cases suspected for rabies including 3 carcases, one cat two dogs and one human brain were also examined for rabies antigen and 50% cases were found positive.
The presence of rabies antigen in the saliva of 2 stray dogs and 2 domestic dogs was highly significant of the carrier role of dogs in rabies. Further work on much larger scale were recommended.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0194,T] (1).
191.
Studies On The Isolation And Serotyuping Of Salmonella From Mesenteric Lymmphnodes Of Sheep And Goats
by Ahmad Usman Zafar | Muhammed Ajmal | Ata-Ur- Rehman Rizvi | T.M Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1986Dissertation note: Five hundred samples of mesenteric lymph nodes of sheep and goats , 20 from each species , slaughtered at Lahore abattoir, were bacteriologically examined to determine the Salmonella carrier state in healthy sheep and goats. Nine strains of Salmonellae belonging to two serological types i.e. Salmonella typhimurium (l.40%) and Salmonella anatum (0.40%), were isolated. The incidence of Salmonellosis in sheep and goats were recorded as 2.40% and 1.20% respectively.
The media used for primary isolation and purification were Selenite broth, Bismuth sulphite agar, Brillient green agar, MacConkey agar and Nutrient agar. Results of Triple sugar iron agar and Urease test gave a preliminary confirmation of Salmonella organisms. Sugar fermentation reactions, Methyl red and Voges Proskauer tests were also employed for the confirmation of isolates. The Serological identification was carried out with the help of standard antisera manufactured by ' Research Institute of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases Sofia, Bulgaria. Further work on much larger scale is recommended.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0195,T] (1).
192.
A Comparative Study Regarding The Immunogenicity Engendered By Three Strains Of Newcastle Disease Vaccine
by Abdus Sattar | Muhammed Akram Muneer | M.Ajmal | T.M.Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1983Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0196,T] (1).
193.
Comparative Studies On The Antibody Titer Of Pigeon Pox Fowl Pox Vaccines In Poultry
by Sajjad Zaheer, malik | Muhammed Yousaf Vaid | Ata-Ur- Rizvi | Muhammed Tufail Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1980Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0197,T] (1).
194.
Comparative Evaluation Of Live And Inactivated Newcastle Disease Vaccines In Chicks Devoid Of Passive Immunity
by Hamid Iqbal | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1987Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0199,T] (1).
195.
A Study On The Incidence And Types Of Salmonella From Intestines And Liver Of Coturnix Quail Slaughtered At Different
by Fazal Ahmad | Ata-ur- Rehman Rizvi | Mubasher | Muhammed Amin Sheikh | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1988Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0200,T] (1).
196.
Comparative Immunogenic Evaluation Of Live Sheep Pox Vaccines Prepared In Vitro And In Vivo
by Anwar Mahmood, M | Ata Ur Rehman Rizvi | Muhammed Yousaf Vaid | Sheikh Altaf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1977Dissertation note: Romanian sheep pox virus was pronagate1 in milk teeth susceptible sheep using Borrel techniqne.
The vaccine has a titre of 10-5 in sheep.
A dose of 0.1 ml. of dilution 1:20 was recommended for each sheep. Vaccinated sheep showed a medium size (1 ½ cm- 2 cm) skin reaction at the site of inoculation and mold fever which remained for two days.
Non of the vaccinated sheep showed any secondary lesions or ill effects.
Confluent primary monolayer of testis cells was achieved after 48 hours, CPE started 96 hours post-infection, and 80 percent CF! was noticed on 7th post-infection day.
Vaccine had titre upto 10-4.5 in vitro which correlates The titre in vivo.
0.5 Tissue culture vaccine Containing 100 TCID50 was injected sub/cut to each sheep. It conferred solid immunity.
Both the vaccines withstood challenge infection with a dose of 1 ml (10,000RD) for animal given on 14th post vaccination day.
0.5 ml dose of 1:25 dilution of Romanian virus vaccine gave larger skin reaction which lead to necrosis. Therefore, 0.1 ml dose of 1:20 dilution was used in the study.
5 ml (1.00 TCID 50) of Tissue vaccine when given to sheep did not show any untoward reactions.
Both vaccines gave cross protection against local sheep pox virus and are antigenically related.
Both vaccines showed cross immunity with each other.
The propagation of sheep pox virus in tissue culture is most economical and reliable method.
Tissue culture sheep pox virus vaccine is easy to administer and is recommended for a mass vaccination/sheep pox control programme.
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197.
Comparative Efficacy Of Haemagglutination Inhibition Test And Enzymne Linked Immunosorbent Assay In Detection Of Antibody Response To Newcastle Disease Virus
by Shafiq Ahmad Noori | Muhammed Akram Muneer | Ehtisham | Muhammed Naeem | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: The present study was conducted to observe the effects of various temperatures on the immune system, growth rate and various lymphoid organs of chickens.
Five hundred day-old chicks were reared upto six weeks of -age under various temperature ranges. These birds were randomly divided into 5 groups (each consisting of 100 chicks), A, B, C, D and E. Birds in group A were kept at 25°C and given NDV vaccine, birds in group B were kept at 37°C and administered NDV vaccine, birds in group C were housed at 42°C and inoculated with NDV vaccine, birds in group D were kept at ambient temperature and given NDV vaccine and those in group E were kept at 37°C and not vaccinated with NDV.
Blood samples from all the birds were collected on days 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42. Live body weights of the birds were recorded on days 1, 21, 28, 35 and 42. At the termination of the study all the surviving birds were sacrificed to study the various lymphoid organs such as thymus, bursa of Fabricius, spleen and liver.
Heat stress at higher temperature enhanced the immune response of the chicken vaccinated against NDV as compared to the birds kept at lower temperature and non-vaccinated birds. The heat stress at various temperatures did not significantly affect:, the bursal and body weight gain, however, heat stress significantly affected the liver, splenic and thymic weight gain.
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198.
Sero-Epidemiology Of Brucelosis In Sheep And Goats At Livestock Production Research Institute (Bahadarnagar Farm)
by Shaukat Yab Khan | MUhammed Akram Muneer | Sheikh Muhammed Amin | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0218,T] (1).
199.
Study On Antibody Profile Against Brucella Melitensis (Rev-1 Strain) Vaccine In Sheep And Goat
by Manzoor Ahmad Ghumman | M.Akram Muneer | Mubasher | Muhammed Naeem | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: A total of 213 lambs/kids (60 lambs and 33 kids at livestock experiment station, Jahangirabad 40 lambs and 26 kids at livestock production research institute, Bahadarnagar and 60 lambs at livestock experiment station Qadarabad) were vaccinated with Brucella melitensis Rev. I vaccine. The lambs/kids, 4-6 months of age, that demonstrated zero antibody titre were selected for the experiment. Each lamb/kids recieved 2 ml of brucella melitensis Rev. I vaccine subcutaneously behind the shoulder. Vacenated lambs/kids were bled on 20,30,60,30,120, 150, 180 and 210 days post-vaccination. Sera were separated to determine the antibody profile using serum agglutination tube test. The antibody titre ranged 1/40 to 1/640, On day 20 post_vaccination which declines sharply. On days 210 post _vacination the antibody titre were from 1/10 to 1/40 in sheep at Livestock experiment station Jahangirabad, Oadirabad and livestock production research institute, Bahadurnagur.
The rate of abortion was 1.36% zero and 0.27% in sheep before vaccination at livestock experiment station, Jahangirabad, Livestock production research institute, Bahadurnagur and Livestock experiment station, Qadirabad respectively. The rate of abortion after vacitnation was nill at all the 3 livestock farms.
The rate of abortion in goat are 24.20% and 0% before vaccination at Livestock experiment station, Jahangirabad and 1ivestock production research institute - Bahadarnagar, respectively. The rate of abortion at livestock experiment station, Jahagirabad and Livestock production research institute, Bahadurnagur was 1.7% and 0% in goats after vaccination, respectively.
Antibody titre of brucella melitensis Rev. I vaccine falls sharply, within two months post-vaccination. A single dose of vaccine provided sufficient field immunization.
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200.
Sero-Epidemiological Study Of Brucellosis In Domestic Animals Using Standard Plate Test, Standard Tube Test,
by Chani, M | Muhammed Naeem | Muhammed | Syed Ata- ur - Rehman rizvi | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: The sero-epidemlological study of brucellosis was carried out to observe the incidence of brucellosis in 1000 slaughtered end 1000 healthy animals in Peshawar district of N.W.F.P. All the serum samples were subjected to four serological tests I.e. Standard Plate Test, (SPT) standard Tube Test, (STT) Rivanol Test, (RV) and 2,tlercapto-ethanol Test. (2,ME).
The incidence of brucellosis In 1000 healthy animals tested by Standard plate test, standard tube test, rivanol test, end 2,Mercopto-ethanol test was 2.4%, 1.46%, 1.05% end 0.52%, respectively. While the incidence of brucollosis in 1000 slaughtered animals from Peshawar abettior was 2.5%, 1.5%, 1.2% and 0.8% by standard plate test, standard tube test, rivanol test, and 2, Mercopto-ethonol test.
The incidence of the disease was higher in slaughtered animals as compared with healthy animals. The disease was more prevalence In goats as compared to buffaloes, cattle, end sheep.
The Incidence of brucellosis in male animal at slaughter house Peshawar was 5% by standard plate test.
While other three tests were found to be negative. Also the same result was recorded In live male animals.
The Incidence of brucellosis In female animals at slaughter house Peshawar was 2.29%, 1.56%, 1.25% and 0.83% by standard plate test, standard tube test, rivanol test and 2,Mercapto-ethenol test. Similarly it was seen that the disease was more common In aged animals as compares to Youngers stocks.
The efficacy of standard plate test was found more as compared to standard tube test, rivanol test, and 2,Mercepto-ethanol test In slaughtered as well as in apparently healthy animals at Peshawar district. Standard plate test detected 2.45%, where as standard tube test detected 1.80%, rivanol test detected 1.55%, and 2,Mercapto- ethanol test detected 1.05% positive cases in slaughtered as well as In healthy animals.
So the standard plate test was found to be more sensitive, reliable, and can be easily apply.
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