PPR is an acute and highly contagious viral disease of small ruminants caused by morbilivirus. It causes high morbidity and mortality in small ruminants and heavy economical loses to farmers. Live attenuated vaccines are commonly used to control PPR. FMD is another highly contagious viral disease of cloven hoofed animals caused by picorna virus. Its severity is relatively high in large ruminants but carrier status of small ruminants is usually observed. In large ruminants killed FMD virus vaccines are routinely used but in small ruminants it is not practiced in Pakistan. There was need to formulate a combined vaccine containing both PPR and FMD viruses which will help to control both of the diseases in small ruminants.
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A total of 100 goats were divided into 10 groups comprising 10 animals in each group. Each of the vaccine such as PPRV, FMDV and PPRV+FMDV was be prepared without adjuvant, gel and oil based. A total of nine types of vaccines were inoculated in the respective groups while one group remained un-inoculated negative control. Each group was subdivided into two subgroups (n=5). One subgroup was received single dose and the other inoculated with two doses of the vaccine. Serum samples from each goat were collected at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 months post vaccination (PV) and kept frozen at -20 ºC. Immune response of the vaccinated animals was monitored by measuring antibodies against PPR and FMD viruses through cELISA and VNT.
Results of the present study showed that mean percentage inhibition (MPI) value against PPR virus of non-adjuvant, gel and oil based combined (PPR+FMD) vaccines at six month post-vaccination was 83.46 ± 2.25, 80.27 ± 2.13 and 82.16 ± 1.70 respectively, whereas mean
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neutralization antibody titer (MNA) was 4.39± 0.37, 4.06± 0.26 and 4.49 ±0.46 respectively. MPI value against FMD virus of combined (PPR+FMD) non-adjuvant, gel and oil based vaccines at six month post-vaccination was 90.17 ± 1.15, 67.22 ± 3.14 and 72.22 ± 2.04 respectively, whereas mean neutralization antibody titer (MNA) was 2.33 ± 0.27, 1.47 ± 0.10 and 1.83 ± 0.16 respectively. These MPI and MNA values showed that immune response against PPRV of combined vaccines was equivalent but non-adjuvant combined vaccine have evoked higher titer followed by oil and gel based vaccines against FMDV.
MPI values of non-adjuvant, gel and oil based monovalent PPRV vaccines at six month post-vaccination was 81.46 ± 2.22, 80.12 ± 2.13 and 81.28 ± 0.70 respectively, whereas mean neutralization antibody titer (MNA) was 4.59 ± 0.17, 4.25± 0.06 and 4.51 ±0.12 respectively.
MPI values of non-adjuvant, gel and oil based monovalent FMDV vaccines at six month post-vaccination was 00.00 ± 0.00, 82.23 ± 4.18 and 90.22 ± 0.43 respectively, whereas mean neutralization antibody titer (MNA) was 0.00 ± 0.00, 1.63 ± 0.10 and 2.99 ±0.16 respectively.
These MPI and MNA values showed that monovalent PPR vaccines induced equivalent immune response in all three formulations but monovalent FMD vaccines MPI and MNA values showed that oil based vaccine has provoked significantly higher titer followed by gel based vaccine. Whereas non-adjuvant FMD vaccine titer was diminished at one month post vaccination. Booster vaccine shots provoked higher antibody titer than single shots in all various formulations of vaccines.
The data thus obtained was analyzed through One Way ANOVA followed by Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD).