101.
Effect Of Potassium Chloride And Sodium Bicarbonate Suplementation On Thermotolerance Of Broileers Exposed to Heat Stress
by Muhammad Tahir Naseem | Prof. Dr. Zafar Iqbal Chaudhry | Dr. Kamran | Prof. Dr. Haji Ahmad Hashmi | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2005Dissertation note: A total of 100-day-old broiler chicken were randomly divided into five groups and kept under elevated temperature (95-98.6ºF) to observe the effect of potassium chloride and sodium bicarbonate on the weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), serum potassium and serum bicarbonate level. Thermostress lead to significant in decrease (P<0.05) weight gain, serum potassium and serum bicarbonate level, while FCR was increased. During heat stress, KCl and NaHCO3 at levels of 1.5% and 0.5% respectively, improved weight gain, and FCR and significantly increased (P<0.05) serum potassium and bicarbonate level. The results showed that combination of KCl and NaHCO3 supplementation alleviated the negative effects of heat stress in broilers.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0863,T] (1).
102.
Toxicological Effects Of Feeding First Cut Sorghum Vegeation And Stalks To Rabbits
by Shahzad Bhatti | Prof. Dr. Zafar Iqbal Chaudhry | Dr. Azhar | Prof. Dr. Naeem Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2005Dissertation note: The present project was designed to study the hematological and biochemical changes due to toxicity caused by sorghum (stalks, leaves) in rabbits and compared with grass feeding. For this purpose 18 rabbits of almost same body weight and age were randomly divided into three groups (6 animals per group) designated as A, B and C. Animals of each group were caged separately.
Group A was fed on grass; group B was fed on sorghum stalks; group C was fed on sorghum leaves. Sorghum samples were collected from different fields A, B, C and D, near Bund road Lahore. From each field four samples were collected and analyzed for nitrate. Nitrate analysis in sorghum stalks and leaves showed that in all the four fields there was high level of nitrate in stalks as compared to leaves and nitrate content both in stalks and leaves was high in field A as compared to field B, C and D. This high level of nitrate in sorghum was due to excessive use of nitrogen containing fertilizers by farmers. Therefore group B and C was fed on sorghum stalks and leaves of field A for 30 days in experimental room of Pathology, UVAS, Lahore.
Blood samples were taken from marginal ear veins of all rabbits aseptically with the help of syringe at the start of the experiment and then at the interval of 10 days till the expiry of the experiment. Hematological studies revealed erythrocytopenia, leukocytopenia, decreased hemoglobin and lowered erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in group B as compared to group A and C from day 10 to 30.
Biochemical analysis reveled methemoglobinemia and high level of liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) of group B as compared to group A and C from day 10 to 30.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0864,T] (1).
103.
Molecular Diagnosis Of Bovine Tuberculosis In Humans
by Muhammad Bilal | Prof. Dr. Zafar Iqbal Chaudhary | Dr. Asim Aslam | Dr. Mnsur-uddin | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2005Dissertation note: Tuberculosis is a highly infectious disease. In humans it is mainly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and occasionally by Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium africanum. Bovine tuberculosis caused by M bovis is the main cause of enteric TB in humans. it is transmitted through milk, meat and dairy products. It is also recorded that it can also cause pulmonary tuberculosis in humans.
A study was conducted to detect the M bovis in human pulmonary sputum samples through PCR based techniques. A PCR assay was described which could differentiate M bovis from M. tuberculosis in clinical samples. Sputum of 400 patients was randomly analyzed with PCR assay. Two (0.5%) out of 400 sputum samples were positive for M bovis while remaining were positive for M tuberculosis. Over all 0.5% cases were positive for M bovis causing pulmonary tuberculosis in humans.
The two positive cases were analyzed in the background of their history. History revealed that both of them belong to different families and areas were in close contact with animals for a long time. It suggested that they caught infection from animals. It was an evidence of pulmonary tuberculosis of M bovis in humans.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0865,T] (1).
104.
Effect Of High Dietary Fat On Serum Cholesterol And Fatty Liver Syndrome In Broiler
by Imran Ahmed Qureshi | Dr. Zafar Iqbal Chaudhry | Dr. H. A. Hashmi | Prof. Dr. Nisar | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2003Dissertation note: The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of high dietary fat on serum cholesterol and fatty liver syndrome in broiler. For this purpose 90 (day-old) chicks were procured from local hatchery. They were divided into three groups A, B and C having 30 chicks each. The birds of group B were fed on diet containing plant and animal fat while birds of group C were fed on diet containing animal fat. Group A acted as control. Experimental parameters included serum cholesterol values and pathological changes in liver. The serum cholesterol values in chicks of groups B and C were higher than that of control group. Furthermore, the serum cholesterol value was greater in birds fed on animal fat that on plant fat. Grossly the livers of group B and C were enlarged in size, paler in colour, soft in consistency, having petechial haemorrhages, deposition of fat and fibrin. The livers of group A were grossly normal. Histopathologically, livers of group B and C showed fatty infiltration, haemorrhages and mass of eosinophilic materials. The vacuoles coalesced to create clear space that displaced the nuclei to the periphery of the cell. Addition of dietary fat from animal and plant sources in the diet of broiler chicks not only resulted in increase in serum cholesterol but also in marked macroscopic and microscopic changes in liver.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0866,T] (1).
105.
Molecular Detection Of Babesia Bigemina And Babesia Bovis In Carrier Cattle By Duplex Polymerase Chain Reaction
by Muhammad Suleman | Prof. Dr. Zafar Iqbal Ch | Dr.Asim Aslam | Prof. Dr Abdul Rauf Shakoori | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2006Dissertation note: Babesiosis is a highly important disease in the world, caused by the intraerythrocytic protozoan parasites of the genus Babesia. A wide range of domestic and wild animals and occasionally man are affected by this disease, which is transmitted by ticks and has a worldwide epidemiological distribution. While the major economic impact of babesiosis is on the cattle industry, infections also occurs in other domestic animals , including horses, sheep, goats, pigs and dogs.
The present study targeted the carrier cattle infected with Babesia bigemina and Babesia bovis, as they are difficult to detect because of the low numbers of parasites that occur in peripheral blood. However, diagnosis of low-level infections with the parasite is important for studying the transmission and standardizing epidemiological studies. Using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to amplify a portion of the gene from the parasite, and tested the ability of this method to detect carrier cattle.
A study was conducted to detect the. Babesia in blood samples through PCR based techniques. A PCR assay was described which could differentiate Babesia bigemina and Babesia bovis by using specific primer in carrier cattle. Blood samples of 100 cattle were randomly analyzed with PCR assay 29 (29.0%) out of 100 blood samples were positive for babesiosis in which 18% were positive for Babesia bigemina and 11% were positive for Babesia bovis, While the Light Microscopy detected only 18 (18%) out of the same samples. The samples found positive by LM were reconfirmed during the PCR assay but no sample was found to be having both Babesia bigemina and Babesia bovis infections simultaneously.
Thus it is concluded that PCR is a reliable molecular diagnostic technique to detect low level of infections in carrier animals in a population and thus could be used as an effective screening tool for the control and eradication of disease.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0929,T] (1).
106.
Pathogenesis Of Salmonellosis With Respect To Carrier States In Poultry And Its Public Health Impact
by Younus, M | Prof. Dr. Zafar Iqbal Chaudhry | Prof.Dr.Abdul Rauf Shakoori | Prof.Dr.Muham | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2006Dissertation note: The present research endevour was made to study and investigate the prevalence of Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium from poultry feed, poultry meat and poultry eggs and their role in the chain of transmission of salmonellae to human beings. The objective was to generate data to improve the quality of poultry products and human health awareness.
Salmonellosis is one of the most wide spread food borne zoonoses. The etiological agents Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium not only' produce the disease but during the convalescent phase (after the recovery of disease) remain carriers for indefinite period of time. In this study 400 samples were collected and were distributed and detailed as; poultry feed (n=100), poultry intestines (n100 Small and n=100 Large intestines) and eggs (n=100) were collected for the identification of the organism through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The Positivity percentage as tested through PCR for Salmonella enteritidis in the poultry feed was 20,15,10,15 and 10 for layer starter, layer grower, layer finisher, broiler starter and broiler finisher respectively (P>0.05). The positivity percentage as tested through PCR for Salmonella typhimurium for layer starter, layer grower, layer finisher, broiler starter and broiler finisher feed was 15,10,10, 10, and 10 respectively (P>0.05). There was no significant difference between layers feed and broilers feed as far as identification of salmonella enteritidis and salmonella typhimurium was concerned (P>0.05) but the prevalence range of salmonella enteritidis and salmonella typhimuilum from poultry feed was 10-20% which was biologically significant. The positivity percentage rate of Salmonella enteritidis for small and large intestine in Desi birds (local breed) was 2 and 16 % respectively. Where as for broilers in small and large intestine it was 4 and 18% respectively. The positivity of Salmonella typhimurium in small and large intestine of Desi birds was 2 and 14% where as in broilers it was 4 and 16% in the small and large intestine respectively. There was a significant difference (P <0.05) between the positivity of percentage of salmonella enteritidis and salmonella typhimurium as far as identification of Salmonellae from Desi and broiler meat was concerned.
It was found that 16%, 8%, 16'Y0 and 16% egg albumin was found positive for Salmonella enteritidis in layer egg albumin, Desi (local breed) eggj albumin, double yolk albumin and broken egg albumin respectively. In each case 25 egg albumin were collected and tested for the detection of Salmonellae. Similarly the egg yolk from layers, Desi (local breed) double yolk and broken eggs was taken and positivity rate for Salmonella enteritidis was found 12%, 4%, 12% and 12% respectively. It was found that 12%, 4%, 12% and 12% egg albumin was found positive for Salmonella lyphimurium in layer egg albumin, Desi egg albumin, double yolk albumin and broken egg albumin respectively. In each case 25 egg albumin were collected and tested for the' detection of Salmonella. Similarly the egg yolk from layers, desi double yolk and broken eggs was taken and positivity rate for Salmonella enteritidis was found 8%, 4%, 8% and 4% respectively. The positively rate for Salmonella typhimurium in both albumin and yolk was relatively less in both albumin and yolk of layers, desi double yolk and broken eggs. Statistically there was no significant difference (P> 0.05) but the prevalence of Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium from different eggs ranged between 4-16% and 4-12% respectively which was biologically significant.
The Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium were isolated, identified and grown on the artificial and selective media. The virulence of the organisms of Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium were estimated through calculation of LD50. It was found as 10358/mI and 103/ml for Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium respectively, having significant difference (P< 0.05). In order to understand the pathogenesis and carrier states of salmonella organisms in poultry, a group of 300 broiler birds were procured and divided into three groups were studied upto the age of 3 months. The infection was orally given on the 7th day of their age. As an average 86.74% of the birds were maintaining the organism of the Salmonella enteritidis in the large intestine during the entire experimental period in contrast to the small intestine in which 0% were found positive (P< 0.05). Similarly an average 94.94% of the birds were maintaining the organism of the Salmonella typhimurium in the large intestine during the entire experimental period in contrast to the small intestine in which 0% were found positive (P< 0.05) but non of the samples of Small and Large intestine of control group (Group-C) were found positive for Salmonella enleritidis and Salmonella typhimurium. There was a significant difference between Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium in large intestine of poultry (P< 0.05). The histopathology of different organs of broiler chickens i.e liver, lung, spleen, kidney, small intestine, large intestine, bursa of fabracious and lean muscles at different phases of disease was also conducted for the better understanding of pathogenesis due to salmonellosis. The principal lesions in the liver at the age of 14 to 28 days in groups A and B were leukocytic infiltration, necrosis and haemmorrhage. No lesions were recorded in liver after 28 days of age in groups A and B. No lesions were recorded in group C. The principal lesions of the lungs at the age of 14 to 28 days in groups A and B were leukocytic infiltration,' mild necrosis, vascular congestion and haemrnorrhages. No lesions were recorded in lungs after 28 days of age in groups A and B. No lesions were recorded in group C. The principal lesions of the spleen were mild leukocytic infiltration, necrosis and congestion at the age of 14 to 28 days in groups A and B. No lesions were recorded in spleen after 28 days of age in groups A and B. No lesions were found in group C. The principal lesions of the kidneys were marked tubutar necrosis with glomerular degeneration and Ieukocytic infiltration and haemmorrhages at the age of 14 to 28 in groups A and B. No lesions were1 recorded in kidneys after 28 days of age in groups A and B. No lesions were found in group C. The principal lesions of the small intestine were degeneration of mucosa with inflammatory cells, necrosis, inflammation, superficial ulceration on mucosal lining of intestine at the age of 14 to 21 days. No lesions were recorded in small intestine after 21 days of age in group A and B. No lesions were recorded in control group C. The principal lesions of the large intestine were leukocytic infiltration with necrosis and inflammation at the age of 14 to 91 days. The lesions were recorded up to 91 days of age in group A and B. No lesions were recorded in control group C. The principal lesions of Bursa of1, fabricious were atrophy & necrosis of bursal follicles and leukocytic infiltration at the age of 14 to 21 in groups A and B. No lesions were recorded in Bursa of fabricious after 21 days of age in groups A and B. No lesions were found in group C. The principal lesions of lean muscle were muscular degeneration and necrotic areas at the age of 14 to 21 days in groups A and B. No lesions were recorded in lean muscles after 21 days of age in groups A and B. No lesions were found in group C.
The carrier state was not only the source of spread of disease with in the poultry but also caused typhoid fever and food poisoning in humans. The chain of transmission started fron poultry feed to poultry meat and ultimately to humans as dead end host. Finally, the 400 samples of stool and blood from 200 human patients (100 suspected of typhoid fever and 100 suspected of food poisoning) were also collected from four different hospitals from urban area of Lahore for the identification of Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium through PCR method in order to see the public health impact of Salmonellosis through consuming the meat and eggs of the carrier birds. A total of 14% and 10% stool samples were found positive for Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium in case of suspected typhoid fever patients respectively. Similarly 6% and 2% blood samples were found positive for Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium. There was a significant difference (P< 0.05) in the sero positivity of stool and blood samples of suspected typhoid fever patients and also as for as Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium was concerned. However there was no significant difference (P> 0.05) between the hospitals On the average 14 and 10 stool samples were found positive against Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium from each of the 25 patients of each hospital respectively in case of suspected food poisoning patients. Similarly on an average 5% and 6% blood samples were found positive from 25 patients of each hospital respectively. There was a significant difference (P< 0.05) in the sero positivity of stool and blood samples of suspected food poisoning patients as far as Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium was concerned. However there was no significant difference (P> 0.05) between the hospitals.
CONCLUSION
A series of five experiments were conducted and carried out to study and explore the project Pathogenesis of Salmonellosis with respect to carrier states in poultry and its public health impact."
For this purpose, in the 1st phase, identification, isolation and characterization of Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium was attempted. It was followed by the estimation of LD 50 and carrier states and histopathological study at different phases of disease in broiler chickens experimentally infected with Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium to ascertain the nature of carrier states in terms of maintenance of the Salmonellae by different organs leading to histopathological changes and finally to the stage of shedding of the organism through the feces in the environment. Dissemination to human beings and the Public health impact of Salmonellosis was studied in the human subjects who consumed the meat and eggs of the carrier birds which were followed by testing their stool and blood samples through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In this way the pathogenesis and chain of Salmonellas enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium infection through poultry feed, meat, eggs and humans beings was transmissible. However, the humans were considered as dead end host. It was concluded that Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium was maintained in the large intestine of the poultry and has transmitted from poultry feed, poultry meat and poultry eggs to human beings and thus, causing typhoid fever and food poisoning.
RECOMMENDATIONS /SUGGESTIONS
Major aim of this research endeavour was to help in understanding the basic principles involved in the chain of infectious cycle of SalmoneUosis. In addition to that the application of the quality control of poultry products with respect to Salmonella infection to broiler chicks and broiler meat available in the market for human consumption is the ultimate goal of this project. The objective was to reduce the risk of Salmonellosis in poultry and humans. The following measures are suggested.
1. PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF SALMONELLOSIS IN POULTRY! ANIMALS
A. Monitoring
o The poultry and their environment should be monitored by frequente testing of Salmonellae.
o Bacteriological profile of poultry house environment.
o Serological testing of flock and removal of infected birds.
o Culturing of tissues from selected birds.
o Egg sheils, egg albumin & egg yolk culturing.
B. Hygiene and Sanitation
o Eggs from infected layer flocks should be pasteurized before consumption.
o Salmonella positive breeder flocks should be given pellet feed.
o Hatching sanitation
o Proper disinfection of hatching eggs.
o Proper sanitation and disinfection of farm premises.
o The provision of salmonella-free feed i.e pellet feed is of prime importance for the prevention of salmonella infections of poultry flocks and parent flocks.
o Control of rodent, insects and wild birds
C. Managemental
o For routine treatment of eggs and progeny, only those antibiotics should be used that do not cause microbial resistance against drugs widely used in humans
o Resistance of Campylobacter spp, and Salmonella spp. to fluoroquinolones has become a public health risk. This does not exclude well targeted and transient use of antibiotics as essential measures in salmonellosis control programmes.
o Vaccination of breeder flock is recommended for decrease of the salmonella infection pressure.
7
1. MEASURES FOR THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF SALMONELLOSIS IN HUMANS
A. Meat and Eggs
o Wrap fresh meat in plastic bags at the market to prevent blood from1 dripping on other foods.
o Cook poultry products at temperature of 170°F for breast meat and at 180°F for thigh meat.
o Avoid eating raw or under cooked meat and egg.
o Cook poultry meat and egg thoroughly.
o Purchase only inspected grade AA eggs and animal food products.
o Handle raw eggs carefully:
o Keep eggs refrigerated
o Throw away cracked or dirty eggs.
o Do not eat half fried and half boiled eggs.
o Wash hands immediately after handling raw poultry or raw eggs.
o Full fried and full boiled eggs should be used for eating to prevent food borne Salmonellosis problem.
b. PERSONNEL HYGIENE MEASURES
o Washing of hands with soap and warm water before and after handling foods, after using the bath rooms.
o Refrigerate foods properly.
- Use bleach to wash cutting boards and counters used for preparation immediately after use to avoid cross contamination of other foods.
o People who have Salmonellosis should not prepare food for others.
o Educate the food handlers and persons who prepare food. Educational programmes covering pre- and post harvest food safety procedures, especially salmonella control, should be initiated in the animal and food production sectors for the public awareness.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0938,T] (1).
107.
Standardization Of Avian Leukosis Diagnostic Techniques Through Polymerase Chain Reaction (Pcr) And Confirmation With Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay (Elisa)
by Abdul Razzaq (M.Phil) | Prof. Dr. Zafar Iqbal Ch | Mr. Asim Aslam | Prof. Dr.Abdul Rauf Shakoori | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2006Dissertation note: Avian Leukosis Virus type J infection of chickens is a neoplastic disease affecting chickens. ALV-J is of great economic significance not only because of tumor mortality, but also because of decreased egg production in meat breeding stocks, increased rate of infections, poor response to vaccination and weight suppression in broilers. There is wide spread prevalence of ALV-A and ALV-J in commercial chicken flocks. For control of ALV's eradication programmes based solely on dam testing may be less effective than those where dam testing is combined with procedures to mitigate early horizontal transmission in progeny chicks. For this purpose PCR along with antigen capture ELISA was used in combination for detection of ALV-J proviral DNA, and ALV group specific antigen i.e. p 27 antigen of ALV-J. Polymerase chain reaction technique was standardized by using improved version of H7 primers specific for ALV sub group J targeting env gene encoding gp85 for the detection of avian leucosis virus type J and its confirmation was carried out by comparing it with antigen capture immunosorbant assay which measures group-specific antigen (GSA) i.e. p27 antigen. Feather pulp and serum samples from 50 broiler birds of up to 7 weeks of age were randomly selected from 10 different broiler poultry farms of district Lahore Pakistan. The prevalence of ALV-J was 22 % for antigen capture immunosorbant ELISA and 34 % for polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0943,T] (1).
108.
Standardization Of Tuberculin Test In Buffaloes And Detection Of Mycobacterium Bovis In Blood Through PCR
by Asad Ullah Khan | Prof. Dr. Zafar Iqbal Chaudhary | Dr. Asim Aslam | Prof. Dr. Abdul Rauf Shakoori | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2007Dissertation note: Tuberculosis is a highly infectious disease. In bovine it is mainly caused by Mycobacterium bovis. Bovine tuberculosis caused by M bovis is the main cause of enteric TB in humans. It is transmitted through milk, meat and dairy products. Bovine TB is still a significant zoonosis in many parts of the world and it accounts for 25.8% of TB in man.
A study was conducted to standardize the tuberculin test in buffaloes and to detect the M bovis in buffalo blood samples through PCR based techniques. A total of 100 buffaloes were tested by Single Comparative Cervical Intradermal Tuberculin Test (SCCIDTT) for this research and 100 blood samples were also collected from the same under aseptic condition. Data was also collected from owners & milkers of buffalo before and after SCCIDTT. A PCR (is a nucleic acid-based technique that enables the rapid and sensitive detection of micro-organism) assay was described which could detect M bovis in blood samples. Blood of 100 buffaloes was randomly analyzed with PCR assay. Over all two (2.0%) out of 100 buffaloes were found positive to tuberculin test while fifty four (54 %) out of 100 blood samples of the same buffaloes were found positive for M bovis in PCR.
The positive cases were analyzed in the background of their history. History revealed that the animals herd was crowded and were reared much closed to each other for a long time. It suggested that they got infection from other animals. It was an evidence of bovine tuberculosis of M bovis in buffaloes.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0951,T] (1).
109.
Comparison Of Multiplex Pcr & Conventional Methods For The Diagnosis Of Tuber Culosis (TB) in Human, Buffalo & Cattle in Lahore District
by Naima Mumtaz | Prof. Dr. Zafar Iqbal Chaudhary | Dr. Asim Aslam | Prof. Dr. Abdul Rarf Shakoori | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2007Dissertation note: Tuberculosis, one of the most widespread infectious diseases, is the leading cause of death due to single infectious agent among humans and animals in the world. It is endemic in Pakistan with about 1.5 million people infected, and Pakistan ranks seventh among the 22 high-burden tuberculosis countries worldwide (WHO, 2006). Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the most common cause of human TB, but an unknown proportion of cases are due to Mycobacterium. bovis.
The study was conducted in Lahore to compare the multiplex PCR and conventional methods for the diagnosis of tuberculosis caused by M tuberculosis and M bovis in 300 humans' sputum and 1000 bovines' milk samples. Conventional methods included Ziehi Neelsen staining, culture and biochemical tests. For M tuberculosis and M bovis the pncA gene and specie -specific 500 bp fragments were targeted respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of multiplex PCR was found statistically significant in comparison to Ziehl Neelsen staining and culture for the differential diagnosis of TB. Pyrazinamide resistance was found in 15 (34.8%) out of 43 isolates recovered from media inoculated by sputum and milk.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0954,T] (1).
110.
Comparative Studies On The Sensitivity Of Polymerase Chain Reaction (Pcr) And Conventional Serological Methods For the Diagnosis of Bovine Brucellqsis
by Raheela Akhtar | Prof. Dr. Zafar Iqbal Chaudhary | Prof. Dr. Abdul Rauf Shakoori | Prof. Dr. Asim | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2007Dissertation note: The polymerase chain reaction was standardized and its efficacy was evaluated against Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and Milk Ring test (MRT) for the diagnosis of brucellosis in 200 cows and buffaloes from Lahore and Okara districts of Punjab. Under aseptic measures 200 serum and 200 milk samples were tested by RBPT, MRT and PCR on both milk and serum samples in both cows and buffaloes as described in materials and methods. RBPT showed high sensitivity values (27.7% in cows and 45.2% in buffaloes) than serum PCR (25% in cows and 3 9.6% in buffaloes) but on other hands MRT showed low sensitivity (11.1% in cows, 25.4% in buffaloes) and high specificity (98.4% in cows and 93.6% in buffaloes) than milk PCR with sensitivity of 13.8% in cows, 29.4% in buffaloes and specificities of 95.2% in cows and 89.3% in buffaloes respectively. The comparison of PCR assays conducted on both types of samples showed high sensitivity of serum PCR against milk PCR. The comparison of RBPT and MRT in both species showed high sensitivity of RBPT than MRT. But due to low positive predictive value of RBPT and instability in its results in both species it is concluded that there is no significant difference in PCR and serological methods so no single test can be used for the exact diagnosis of bovine brucellosis.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0957,T] (1).
111.
Diagnosis Of Bovine Tuber Culosis In Deers Kept In Captivity By Pcr And Tuberculin Test
by Zeeshan Nayyer | Prof. Dr. Zafar Iqbal Chaudhary | Dr. Asim Aslam | Dr. Azhar Maqbool | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2007Dissertation note: Tuberculosis is an infectious, chronic, granalomatous, highly communicable, zoonotic and debilitating disease. The etiological agents of tuberculosis belong to the bacteria Mycobacterium bovis. A total of 50 blood samples from emaciated deers were collected from deer’s kept in captivity suspected from TB. These samples were subjected to DNA extraction for polymerase chain reaction and tuberculin test for the sensitivity and specificity of these tests.The results obtained were analyzed by standardization of PCR for M. bovis.
PCR is a nucleic acid based technique that enables the rapid and sensitive detection of microorganism. Results indicated that 4% and 20% of deers were positive for M. bovis infection with the tuberculin test and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) respectively. From the results it is evident that polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique is more sensitive than the tuberculin test for the diagnosis of tuberculosis and gives much higher percentage of positive cases.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0970,T] (1).
112.
Diagnosis Of Surra In Equines By Indirection Fluorescent Anitobody
by Malik Ahsan Nadeem | Dr.Asim Aslam | Dr.Kamran | Prof.Dr.Zafar Iqbal Ch | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 2007Dissertation note: Trypanosomiasis (‘surra) is the most widely distributed arthropod- born protozoan disease affecting the equines. This study was conduàted to check the efficacy of indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) for the diagnosis of Surra. For this purpose 200 blood samples were collected from horses and donkeys from different areas of Gujranwala district. Thin blood smears were prepared on clean glass slides and blood samples were centrifuged to separate the serum. Serum was transferred into the vacutainers and transported to laboratory. The serum was separated by centrifugation and stored at -70°C. 200 thin blood smear slides were fixed with methanol and subjected to Giemsa stain for further microscopic examination. Then the 200 thin blood smear slides were fixed with acetone for further processing in indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). The prevalence rate of 2% and 6% by using thin blood smear and indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) was obtained respectively. The results helped us to determine accuracy of indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) for diagnosis of Surra.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0994,T] (1).
113.
Diagnosis Of Paratuberculosis (Johne,S Disease) In Cattle And Buffaloes Through Histopathological Techniques And Polymerase Chain Reaction
by Farhan Anwar Khan | Dr.Zafar Iqbal Ch | Dr.Asim Aslam | Prof .Dr.Khushi Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2008Dissertation note: Paratuberculosis, one of the infectious disease, is the emerging cause of poor health, low productivity and finally death due to single infectious agent among dairy and beef yielding animals (cattle and buffaloes) in the World. Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is the most common cause of bovine Johne's disease.
The study was conducted in Lahore to compare conventional methods and PCR for the diagnosis of paratuberculosis caused by M avium subspp. paratuberculosis in 300 cattle's and buffalo's tissue samples (150 of each specie), including terminal ileum and mesenteric lymph nodes. Conventional methods included Ziehi-Neelsen's (ZN) acid fast staining and histopathology. For M paratuberculosis insertion sequence IS 900, specific 626 bp fragment, were targeted. The sensitivity and specificity of PCR was found significant in comparison to Ziehl Neelsen staining and histopathology for the diagnosis of paratuberculosis in cattle and buffaloes.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1011,T] (1).
114.
Detection Of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis And Mycobacterium Bovis From Spum And Blood Samples Of Human Using a Duplex PCR
by Asma Nawaz | Prof.Dr.Zafar Iqbal Ch | Dr.Azhar | Dr.Muhammad Younas Rana | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2009Dissertation note: Tuberculosis is common infectious disease in the world. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the most common cause of tuberculosis in the humans. Tuberculosis is endemic in Pakistan with about 1.5 million people infected. M.bovis is the major cause of gastrointestinal tuberculosis in humans.
The study was conducted in Lahore to compare 100 blood and 100 sputum samples from patients of active tuberculosis. The methods employed were conventional methods including Ziehl-Neelsen staining, culture on Lowenstein Jenson medium and biochemical tests. The Duplex PCR and conventional methods for diagnosis of tuberculosis caused by M.bovis and M.tuberculosis were compared on the sputum and blood samples. For M.tuberculosis and M.bovis the pncA gene and the species-specific 500-bp fragments were targeted in the Duplex PCR, respectively.
The sensitivity and specificity of Duplex PCR was found statistically significant in comparison to the conventional methods including Ziehl-Neelsen staining and culture for the differential diagnosis of tuberculosis caused by M.tuberculosis and M.bovis. Therefore Duplex PCR is a better choice of diagnostic test in the clinical setups where clinical urgencies necessitate a reliable, sensitive and specific test with the results in a short time period.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1054,T] (1).
115.
Pathology Of Naturally Infected Broilers With Mycoplasma Gallisepticum And Its Diagnosis Through Pcr
by Aamir Islam | Dr.Asim Aslam | Prof.Dr.Mansur- | Prof.Dr.Zafar Iqbal Ch | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2009Dissertation note: Two hundred broiler birds (200) showing the clinical signs of respiratory signs from fifty (50) poultry farms located in and around Lahore District were analyzed for the detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum. The tissue samples (trachea and lungs) were subjected to PCR using for Mycoplasma gallisepticum 16S rRNA gene amplification with a set of primers (MG14-F and MG13-R). Out of 200 samples, 86 were found positive with MG. These positive samples were further analyzed for histopathological changes. Lungs showed hemorrhages, congestion and massive necrosis. Lymphocytic infiltration and oedema was also observed in lungs sections. Liver showed coagulative necrosis around the central vein, congestion and infiltration of lymphocytes. Similarly, heart section revealed necrosis and degeneration in cardiac muscles. Trachea revealed the epithelial and mucosal infiltration with lymphocytes. Hypertrophy of epithelial mucosa and catarrhal exudates recorded in trachea. Sloughing of the mucosa and sub mucosa of varying degree was noted in trachea. Few birds showed no obvious changes in the organs but were positive on PCR analysis.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1055,T] (1).
116.
Comparison Of Different Diagnostic Techniques For John'S Disease In Small Ruminants
by Saba Badar | Prof.Dr.Zafar Iqbal Ch | Dr. Mansur-ud-Din | Dr.Asim Aslam | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: Paratuberculosis is one of the most hazardous infectious diseases, causing heavy economic losses due to poor health, low productivity and high fatality rate among domestic and wild ruminants. Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is the etiological agent of Bovine Johne's disease. In this study PCR were used to detect the presence of the Acid Fast Bacillus Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, in the intestinal tissues and Mesenteric Lymph Nodes of small ruminants causing Paratuberculosis. PCR was compared to HEY medium culture on the Herrold's Egg Yolk Media.
The samples were collected from Lahore Slaughter house and brought to the Molecular Pathology Laboratory at the Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore. The study was conducted to compare PCR and the HEY medium culture for the diagnosis of paratuberculosis caused by M avium subsp. Paratuberculosis. A total of 500 tissue samples, 250 of the ileum and 250 of the mesenteric lymph nodes were collected randomly for the identification of Johne's disease. All samples were inoculated on the HEY medium prepared in the same laboratory aseptically. Followed by DNA extraction through the Kit method then run the PCR for insertion sequence IS 900, specific 626 bp fragment, were targetted in the genome of M paratuberculosis.
The results of the study showed more samples detected positive by PCR as compared to conventional culture methodology. Also they showed in the mass of 500 tissue samples that more bacilli are prone to the samples of small intestines than associated mesenteric lymph nodes. Regarding the sensitivity of the two techniques the PCR seemed more sensitive to detect the mycobacterium in the tissues than the conventional, laborious and time consuming HEY medium culture technique; though culture has been used as golden standard in this study also. When statistically analyzed results were insignificant due to small sample size.
The study will help in comparison of the two latest techniques for the diagnosis of M paratuberculosis, to check the validity of the better technique. In this study the sensitivity and specificity of PCR was checked and compared with culture on the HEY medium staining for the diagnosis of paratuberculosis in small ruminants.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1077,T] (1).
117.
Immunohistochemical And Pathomorphological Studies Of Chronic Granulomatous Enteritis (John'S Disease) in Bovines
by Muhammad Shahid | Prof.Dr.Zafar Iqbal Ch | Dr.Asim Aslam | Prof.Dr.Khushi Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: Paratuberculosis, a disease caused by Mycobacterium paratuberculosis is a peril for both livestock and human beings. The present project was designed to study the pathmorphological changes induced by the organism and standardize more reliable diagnostic techniques to identify the M paratuberculosis. Tissue samples from ileurn and mesenteric lymph nodes were randomly collected from 1 50 cattle and buffalo, each in present study that was conducted in Lahore.
Gross lesions were recorded on a Performa. The samples were subjected to acid fast staining of smears from pellets after density gradient centrifugation and paraffin embedded tissue sections. All the samples also subjected to polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. The smears prepared from bacterial pellets of mucosal and cortical scraping of terminal ileum and MLN were stained indicated 11.4 % small intestine and 12.7% lymph nodes of cattle's and 8.7% and 10.7% lymph nodes of buffalo's tissue samples were positive. ZN staining of paraffin embedded tissue showed 8.0 % small intestine and 10% MLN of cattle's and 6.0 % of small intestine and 8.7% MLN in buffalo's tissue samples were positive. On basis of PCR 5.4% intestinal tissue samples and 6.0% MLN of cattle were positive. 3.4% intestinal tissue samples and 07(4.7%) MLN of buffaloes were positive. In buffaloes 4.0% intestinal tissue samples and 6.0% MLN were positive by IHC. In cattle 6.7% intestinal tissue samples and 8.0% MLN tissue samples were positive by IHC. In cattle, 27/150(18.0%) animals showed lesions in both intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes while 5/32 (15.7%) animals showed lesions in lymph nodes only. Out of 27/150(18.0%) intestinal tissue samples, 20/27 (74.1%) samples showed corrugation of the intestinal mucosa while 7/27 (26%) showed diffuse thickness.
In buffalo, 24/150 (16.0%) animals showed lesion in both intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes while 2/26 (7.7%) animals showed lesion in lymph nodes only. Out of 24 intestinal tissue samples, 19/24(79.2%) with gross lesion, samples showed corrugation of the intestinal mucosa while 5/24(20.9%) showed diffuse thickness.
In histopathology 20/27 samples of cattle showed focal granulomatous lesions while 7/27(26%) samples showed sever infiltration of macrophages and lymphocytes while 28/32(87.5%) lymph nodes showed infiltration of paracortical and cortical region of the lymph nodes with macrophages ,lymphocytes and multinucleated giant cells While 4/32 (12.5%) samples showed moderate infiltration of macrophages.
In buffaloes 19/24 (12.7%) samples showed focal granulomatous lesions while 5/24 (20.9%) samples showed sever infiltration of macrophages and lymphocytes while 22/26 (84.7%) lymph nodes showed infiltration of paracortical and cortical region of the lymph nodes with macrophages ,lymphocytes and multinucleated giant cells While 4/26 (15.4%) samples showed moderate infiltration of macrophages.
The sensitivity and specificity of immunohistochemical method was found significant in comparison Ziehl-Neelsen staining and histopathology for the diagnosis of paratuberculosis in cattle and buffaloes.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1078,T] (1).
118.
Polymerase Chain Reaction And Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (Rflp) By Using Ssu-r DNA Amplification for the Species Specific Diagnosis of Trypanosomiasis in Horses
by Naveed Sabir | Prof.Dr.Zafar Iqbal Ch | Dr.Asim Aslam | Prof.Dr.Khushi Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: In the current research project, a pari-trypanosome polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was optimized by using 18S single sub unit ribosomal DNA amplification and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was also optimized and evaluated for the species specific diagnosis of the trypanosomiasis in horses.
Blood samples from one hundred (100) suspected horses were collected aseptically from different localities of Lahore. Fresh blood smear was prepared from each sample. After drying and fixing with absolute methanol, the slides were stained with Giemsa stain. Microscopic examination of stained blood smears revealed 8 positive samples out of one hundred (100) suspected horses. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out on the same trypanosomiasis suspected blood samples to evaluate its sensitivity. Genomic DNA was extracted by using Genomic DNA Purification Kit (Fermentas mci., USA). The PCR was performed in a 50 tl reaction mixture. The tubes containing PCR mix were subjected to amplification cycles in a thermocycier after adjusting the amplification conditions.
After completion of the amplification cycles, the PCR product was characterized by 1.2 % agarose gel electrophoresis along with 100 bp DNA ladder to estimate the size of the PCR product and the gel was photographed with a Polaroid camera. PCR gave a higher percentage of positive cases i.e. 21% as compared to microscopic examination. Semi-nested polymerase chain reaction was carried out on product of the first run amplification by using same reaction mixture and amplification conditions except for template DNA. In case of semi-nested PCR 1 tl of the simple PCR product was used. Semi-nested PCR gave 100% (21/21) results. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was conducted on nested products of the positive samples. A reaction mixture of 20 1iJ was used and samples were incubated over night at 37 °C in an incubator. The restricted products were characterized by 2 % agarose gel electrophoresis along with 100 bp DNA ladder and photographed with Polaroid camera. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the nested products revealed that none of the species including T. congolense, T. theileri, T. brucei and T. vivax was found in all (2 1%) positive animals having trypanosoma infestation.
It can be concluded from current study that a pan-trypanosome polymerase chain reaction is a superior and sensitive test as compared to Giemsa stained blood smear examination. The test can not only be used for early diagnosis of the trypanosomiasis but it can also be used to screen out the carrier animals those act as a reservoir of the infection for the horses and other susceptible animals. The advantage of this test is its sensitivity, universal applicability and the existence various possibilities for restriction enzyme analysis of the amplified region depending on the trypanosome species.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1079,T] (1).
119.
Tissue Residue Studies Of Enrofloxacin In Broilers Chicks
by Irfan Irshad | Prof.Dr.Zafar Iqbal Ch | Dr.Asim Aslam | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Athar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2009Dissertation note: Poultry industry is the second largest industry of Pakistan. Antibiotics are enormously used in poultry both for prophylactic and treatment purpose. Irrational use of antibiotics in poultry industry has led to the serious concern among the general public. It has also resulted in emergence of drug resistance in many susceptible organisms. The present study has therefore been planned for quantitative detection of Enrofloxacin residues; in tissues (liver, kidney, fatty tissues and muscles) of broiler birds. So, the present study was designed to detect Enrofloxacin residues in tissues of birds reared under experimental conditions and routinely slaughtered at different poultry shops. The study was completed in two phases. In phase-I, tissue samples from 75 broiler birds reared at Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore were analyzed for quantitative detection of Enrofloxacin by HPLC. In phase-TI, the 25 broiler birds were purchased from various poultry shops of different local markets of Lahore. Tissue sample (Liver, Kidney and thigh muscles) from these broiler birds were also analyzed for quantitative detection of Enrofloxacin by HPLC. In experimentally reared birds, the highest concentration of Enrofloxacin observed was 306ng/g. In the birds injected with Enrofloxacin intramuscularly the overall highest concentration was 68ng/g. The concentration in kidney, liver and thigh muscles was in the range of 28-64 ng/g, 26-63 ng/g, 26-68ng/g in kidney, liver and thigh muscles respectively in birds injected with drug intramuscularly. The drug residues were detected up to 120 hours post treatment in intramuscularly injected birds. In orally treated birds level of Enrofloxacin in the kidney, liver and muscles were between 56-2 17 ng/g, 29- 306 ng/g ,27- 170 ng/g. The residues were detected up to 96 hours post treatment in birds given Enrofloxacin orally. The result of phase-Il showed that among the 75 market samples, 10 (40%) muscles, 8 (32%) liver and 7 (28%) kidney samples showed the Enrofloxacin residues. Out of 25 samples in which Enrofloxacin residues were detected 20 (80%) samples showed the residues concentration above MRL.
This study helped us in drawing true picture about Enrofloxacin drug residues in poultry meat and it is clearly indicated that proper withdrawal time is not being observed while marketing birds. This poses a great health concern for end consumer.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1086,T] (1).
120.
Study On The Normal Haematology And Biochemistry Of Blood Of Cattle
by Muhammad Zubair Khan | Dr. M. Irfan | Tufail Muhammad Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1984Dissertation note: One hundred clinically noramal and healthy cattle from birth to adult age were studied for different haematological and biochemical parameters.
1. Significantly higher values for haemoglobin, total erythrocyte count, paced cell volume and glucose were seen in animals below 12 months of age as compared to older age groups.
2. Significantly higher cholesterol level were seen in lactating compared to non-lactating animals.
3. There was no significant variation in the total and differential leucocyte count of animals below and above 12 months of age.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1117,T] (1).
121.
Studies Of Postmortem Changes In Layer Birds Which Die At Various Stages In Life At Poultry Farms Around Lahore.
by Ishtiaq Ahmad | Dr. Muhammad Irfan | Dr. Tufail Muhammad Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1980Dissertation note: A total of 50,0C birds from 8 poultry farms around Lahore were included in these studies. The ages of these birds varied from I to 9 weeks and 4.1 to 50 weeks.
Nine different diseases were prevalent at these farms which were confirid from flock histories, clinical symptoms, postmortem findings, laboratory investigations and histopatholagical studies which were carried on 542 birds out of 4,100 birds which died. The incidence of these diseases was as follow:
Newcastle disease 17.5 percent, coccidiosis 7.26 percent, colibacillosis 5.31. percent, prolapse cf the oviduct 5.10 percent, spirochaetosis 4.48 pcrcent, cannibalism 3.62 percent, heat stroke 1.35 percent, rztritional deficiency 0.48 percent and lyznphoid leukosis 0.16 percent.
The characteristic postmortem chanes and correlation of age vdth the diseases are discussed.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1141,T] (1).
122.
Diagnosis Of Dengue Virus Serotypes In Effected Patients By Elisa In Lahore Pakistan
by Muhammad Khurram Shahzad | Dr. Muhammad Younus Rana | Dr. Muti-ur-Rehman Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: Dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) is an acute febrile disease caused by any of the four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV I , DENV 2, DENV 3 and DENV 4), belonging to flaviviruses. It is a public health problem of growing importance in areas where the insect vector, Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are present. A total of I 50 clinically suspected dengue patients were recruited, mean age of the patients was 31 .86+1 .66. The maximum age of the patients was 81 years and minimum age of the patient was 5 years. Out of I 50 patients 24.0% (n=36) were tested negative for any of the four serotype of the Dengue virus. The analysis showed that 45.3% (n=68) patients had DENV2 serotype, 16.7% (n=25) had DENV 3 serotype and 14.0% (n=21) patients were diagnosed to have DENV 4 serotype; none of the 150 patients was reported to have DENV I serotype. The most prevalent serotype was Dengue virus serotype 2 and Dengue virus serotype 4 was observed as lowest, while Dengue virus serotype I was having zero prevalence. Out of 150 patients 58.7% (n=88) were male while 41.3% (n=62) were females. Among the male population 31 were affected by Dengue virus serotype 2, 18 males were Dengue virus serotype 3, and Dengue virus serotype 4 was observed in 18 males while 21 males were reported negative for any of the serotype. In contrast among female population Dengue virus serotype 2 was present in 37 females, Dengue virus serotype 3 was observed in 7 and Dengue virus serotype 4 was fixed in 3 females only; while 15 females were negative for any of the serotype of Dengue virus. The data showed that p-value (p< 0.005) depict the association between gender and serotypes of Dengue fever. Our Research point out the prevalence of three out of four serotypes among the Pakistani population, which is a shocked fact as per pathogenesis theory that second infection by a different serotype may prove fatal for previously recovered person. Therefore a strict mosquito control programme is direly needed to prevent these incoming events to occur, the only hope and solution is in our environment. Moreover masses education regarding dengue fever might prove helpful in preventing zoonoses.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1163,T] (1).
123.
Rapid Detection Of Low Pathogenic Avain Influenza (H9) Viruses In Poultry Using Pt-Pcr And Its Comparison With Various Pathological Pictures
by Kiren Aqil | Dr. M. Younas Rana | Dr. Kamran | Dr. Mati Ur Rehman Khan.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: Total of 72 three-week old chickens were divided into two groups, group A and group B. Thirty Six chickens were placed in group B, infected with H9N2 influenza virus; while 36 chickens were placed in group A, control group. Organ and blood samples were collected daily from day 2 post infection to day 10 post infection. The birds were offered toxin free feed and water ad-libitum.
The infected birds did not show any pathogenic symptoms of disease. Gross pathological lesions were mainly hemorrhages in trachea and lungs. Slight to severe enteritis from day 6-9 post infection along with congestion of caecal tonsils was also seen.
Main histopathological lesions involved tracheal deciliation, infiltration of monocytes and neutrophils as well as vascular congestion in form of hemorrhagic area, cellular infiltration of inflammatory cells was seen in lungs. Necrotic foci, accumulation of inflammatory cells, sloughing of mucosa and infiltration of leucocytes in caecal tonsils was observed.
Hematological parameters i.e. TLC, DLC, Hemoglobin were measured and analyzed. It was interesting to find out that significant increase was noted in TLC of group B and hemoglobin concentration between chickens of Group A and B was found; however when DLC was conducted, there was significant increase in blood heterophils and decrease in monocytes.
RT-PCR was conducted to detect viral RNA in organ samples and it was detected as early as 48 hours post-infection in organs samples collected from infected chickens. Moreover, we have detected viral RNA in organ samples until day 10 post-infection.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1182,T] (1).
124.
Detection Of Brucellosis In Sheep And Goats By Serum Agglutination Test (Sat) And Polymerase Chain Reaction (Pcr)
by Dr. Imran Zafar | Dr. M. Younus Rana | Dr. Matu-ur-Rehman Khan.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: In the current research project, a Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was optimized by using omp 31 (outer membrane protein) DNA amplification and Serum agglutination test (SAT) was also evaluated for the species specific diagnosis of the brucellosis in sheep and goats.
Blood and serum samples from two hundred and fifty sheep and goats each were collected aseptically at different sheep and goat farms of Punjab Pakistan. Before performing Serum agglutination test (SAT), Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) was performed as a screening test. RBPT screening of serum revealed nine (3.6%) positive samples out of two hundred and fifty sheep and goats. Out of nine positive samples, five (55.55 %) goats and four (44.44 %) sheep were positive. RBPT positive samples were further carried to Serum agglutination test (SAT). Out of nine positive samples, six (66.66 %) remained positive when SAT was applied but other three (33.33 %) samples gave the dilution below 1:40 which is considered to be negative (Alton et., al 1988). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out on the blood samples. Genomic DNA was extracted by using Genomic DNA Purification Kit (Vivantis). The PCR was performed in a 50 µl reaction mixture. The tubes containing PCR mix were subjected to amplification cycles in a thermocycler after adjusting the amplification conditions. After completion of the amplification cycles, the PCR product was characterized by 1.2 % agarose gel electrophoresis along with 100 bp DNA ladder to estimate the size of the PCR product and the gel was photographed with a Polaroid camera. PCR gave eight (3.2%) positive results.
It was concluded from current study that polymerase chain reaction is a superior and sensitive test as compared to Serum agglutination test (SAT). The test is comparatively sensitive and can detect the brucella in cases of low bacteremia when they don't produce enough antibodies to be detected by other serological tests. The results of the study confirm that a polymerase chain reaction for brucellosis can provide with a sensitive and appropriate diagnostic tool.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1190,T] (1).
125.
Differntial Diagnosis Of Malaria And Dengue Fever On The Basis Of Clinical Findings And Laboratory Investigations
by Aqeel Ahmad | Prof. Dr. M. Younus Rana | Dr. Muti ur Rehman | Prof. Dr. Azhar.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: I took two hundred (200) patients in total for purpose of my study. I included all cases with pyrexia of unknown origin with chills and rigors with 6-7 days history. These cases were first evaluated for Malaria by making their thin and thick films for malarial parasites.
There were thirty patients out of two hundred who were positive for malarial parasites. There complete blood picture was done that is RBC count, Heamogolobin percentage, platelet count, WBC count and ESR. The cases who were negative from malaria were further evaluated for dengue viral infection by doing capture ELISA 1gM. Before doing ELISA 1gM dengue strip method test was done and the cases who were positive on strip (Paper Chromatography) were included in 1gM ELISA study. The cases that were positive for 1gM ELISA were studied for same blood investigation which was mentioned earlier. It was also found that there had been some incidence of dual dengue infection and malaria and the incidence rate was 2%.
Now after collecting the data it was analyzed by SPSS. It was inferred afterwards from the data that all the patients +ve for dengue 1gM had been facing with low platelet count increased reticulocyte count, increased hemoglobin, decreased WBC and no significant effect on ESR had been seen. About 83% of dengue 1gM patients were having decrease platelet count. This thrombocytopenia varies from person to person and an inverse relationship has been found between dengue 1gM and platelet of the patients.
The intensity of thromobocytopenia was more in old age patients or in patients with poor health status or in those patients in which tire of anti dengue 1gM was very high. This thromobocytopenia can be used as a diagnostic tool in addition to clinical history in patients who live in periphery where the facility of ELISA is not available. The rise in platelet number indicates recovery of the patients and it should be monitored daily till the complete recovery of patients is achieved.
The rise in hemoglobin concentration has also been noticed due to hemo concentration about 76% of patients with anti dengue 1gM positive were having elevated level of hemoglobin that is ranging from 17-19 gram/dl. The increase in RBC count has also been noticed in association with increased hemoglobin concentration a mild fall in WBC count has also been noticed i-e upto 4000 in 76% of the patients. In those patients who were +ve for malarial parasites and negative for dengue 1gM, such changes in blood pictures were not appreciated although the vector of both diseases is same but AD's mosquitoes which is the carrier of dengue virus (an ARBO virus) causes more severe form of disease.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1198,T] (1).
126.
Study Of Hepatic Dysfunction In Patients Infected With Dengue Virus
by Aiysha Ejaz | Prof. Dr. Younus Rana | Dr. Muti ur Rehman | Prof. Dr. Azhar.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: Dengue is the mosquito born viral illness which causes a broad spectrum of disease ranging from in apparent infection, flu like mild undifferentiated fever and classical DF to the most severe form DHF and DSS in which rate of morbidity and mortality is very high. Dengue infection also causes liver damage and this liver impairment is more marked in case of DHF. My study was also aimed at depicting the fact that dengue infection also causes hepatic impairment which is directly related.to the level of dengue 1gM in the body. The serum liver enzyme level rises as the infection progress.
I conducted my study over 200 patients of different age groups including both sexes. All of the patients were having history of pyrexia of unknown origin for the last 7-lO days not subsiding inspite of taking treatment. Some of them presented with mild to moderate petechiae rashes on their body. I categorized the patients into two categorize according to the WHO criteria that is the patients having high grade fever with rash and thrombocytopenia were designated as dengue hemorrhagic fever while those without rash and hemorrhagic manifestations were said to be dengue fever group. Firstly I screened all patients for anti dengue 1gM by rapid strip testing method which shows dark pink line in addition to control line in positive cases within few minutes. The strip +ve cases were further confirmed by using capture ELISA, The Dengue 1gM Capture ELISA (MACELISA) is the immunoenzymatic system recommended by the Pan American Health Organization and the World Health Organization for the serological diagnosis of dengue virus infection due to its high sensitivity, ease of performance, and use of a single acute- phase serum sample. Then all the ELISA +ve cases were estimated for hepatic dysfunction by performing their liver function test. For performing liver function test the serum was obtained by centrifuge machine and enzyme including AST, ALT and Alkaline phosphatase were done by using Merck biochemistry Analyzer which calculated the enzyme itself and displayed the reading in U/L. The analysis established that DF is more common in 21-30 years of age group, more prevalent in males and the level of serum liver enzyme rises as the serum level of dengue 1gM raises that is with the increase of severity of infection.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1199,T] (1).
127.
Clinicopathological Changes Induced By Heat Stress, Their Resolution By Minerals And Vitamin C Supplementation In Quails
by Khurshid Anwar | Dr. Asim Aslam | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Younus Rana.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: The present study was designed to overcome heat stress in Japanese quails through potassium chloride, sodium bicarbonate and vitamin C solution in calculated amount in water on thermo tolerance, histopathology and hematology of quails exposed to heat stress: This experimental trial was carried out at Avian Research and Training Centre (ARTC), UVAS Lahore and tests were performed at Department of Pathology UVAS, Lahore. There were three replicates in each treatment group and each replicate was of twenty quails, each group was comprised of 60 birds. The body weight of each the bird was. recorded on weekly basis. Blood samples were collected on the 21, 22, 23, 24, 29, 30 and 31 days of treatment from each group to evaluate the serum potassium and bicarbonate level in the blood. For hematological parameters the blood samples were collected on 22, 28 and 31 day of treatment and the vital organs for histopathology were collected after slaughtering 3 birds from each group. The hematological parameters were studied and the data was analyzed by two ways ANOVA. Group A quails revealed significantly higher weight gain than those of group B, but no significant difference was observed, when all groups were compared. Significantly less weight gain was revealed by the quails of group B, when compared to all other groups. Comparison between groups A, C, D, E, F and G was non significant. The highest FCR was exhibited by the birds of group A while the group B showed the poorest FCR. Better FCR was exhibited by group C, D, E, F and G. Serum samples were obtained from each group, for bicarbonate and potassium determination by spectrophotometric method. Group A, C, E, F and G exhibited a significantly higher serum potassium level than those of groups B and D. A significantly higher bicarbonate level was revealed in the serum of group A, D, E, F and G as compared to group B and C, on day 23 and onwards. But no significant difference was observed in serum of groups A, D, E, F and G. Blood hematology revealed no significant difference in red blood cells of groups A, C, D, E, F and G. Group B exhibited a significant lower values of red blood cells, packed cell volume, basophils, monocytes and showed a significant increase H/L ratio and eosinophils when compared to all other groups. Histopathological studied showed infiltration of heterophils, hyperemia, congestion of liver, heart and adrenal gland. It is concluded that, quails of group B (kept in high environmental temperature) revealed a decreased weight gain, poorest FCR, decreased serum potassium and bicarbonate level, decrease in hematocrit, monocytes and basophils and increased in eosinophils and H/L ratio. Supplementation of electrolytes and vitamin C (125 mg/L KC1, 75 mg/L NaHCO3 and vitamin C 62.5 mg/L) in water effect on heat stressed quails exhibited the better results in term of weight gain, serum electrolytes, blood profile and histology than those quails kept in heat stressed condition with no supplementation. From the present results it is concluded that 125 mg/L of KCI, 75 mg/L of NaHCO3 and 62.5 mg/L of vitamin C solution in water, alone or in combination may be used in quails to combat the effect of high ambient temperature and heat stress.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1226,T] (1).
128.
Immuo-Pathological Response Of Pigeons To Challenge Infection Of Newcastle Disease Virus (Ndv)
by Yasir Amin | Dr. Asim Aslam | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Younus Rana.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: This study trial was designed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of two locally available live Newcastle disease vaccines (Medivac ND LaSota and VRI, Mukteshwar ND vaccine), also to compare two routes (Oral and Ocular) of vaccine administration in term of antibody titre and assessment of protection against field (chicken) isolated virulent Newcastle virus challenge (NDV) in pigeons. Study of clinical signs, gross and histopathological lesion in different organ of non-vaccinated and challenged birds was also the part of our present study. For this purpose one hundred and twenty pigeons were purchased from the local market and screened for Newcastle disease antibodies using Hemagglutination inhibition test. Healthy pigeons were randomly divided into six groups i.e. A, B, C, D, E and F, comprising 20 birds each. Group E and F were kept as positive and negative Control respectively. Group A and C were vaccinated with Medivac ND LaSota vaccine at day 7th and 21st of experiment through oral and ocular route. Similarly Group B and D were immunized with VRI (Mukteshwar) ND vaccine through oral and ocular route respectively. At 28th day of experiment all the groups except group F were challenged with velogenic field isolate of NDV at a dose rate of 0.1 ml through ocular route. Serum samples were collected at day 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 of experiment for the determination of antibody titre. Post-infection clinical signs in control positive group were i.e. anorexia, dullness, depression, decreased feed intake, discharge from mouth, greenish diarrhea, nervous manifestations, leg and wing paralysis. Gross lesions on different organs were hemorrhages in trachea, proventriculus, spleenomegaly and greenish intestinal contents. Medivac ND LaSota vaccine produced higher immune response in term of antibody titre as compared to VRI (Mukteshwar) ND vaccine. It was also observed that ocular route irrespective to vaccine type produced significantly (P<0.05) higher immune response than oral route. Vaccine strains used in this study efficiently induced immune response through ocular route, suggesting that implementation of this vaccination programs in future may prevent ND outbreaks in pigeons, especially in racing pigeons, and may prevent NDV spread to other avian species, mainly poultry.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1228,T] (1).
129.
Haematologial And Immunological Effects Of Naturally Occurring Probiotic (Yogurt) And Garlic Supplementation On Broiler Chicks Vaccinated Against Newcastle Disease
by Muhammad Ishaq | Dr. Asim Aslam | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Younus Rana.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: The present project was undertaken to study the various hematological. immunological and gross/histopathological parameters in ND vaccinated chicks with different supplementation of yogurt and garlic. For this purpose one hundred twenty-six day old broiler chicks were divided into three experimental groups A, B and C. each having 42 chicks per group. The group B and C \\ere Further subdivided into 3 groups yl, y2, y3 and gi, g2. g3 respectively comprising of 14 chicks per group having different supplementation of yogurt and garlic respectively, while group A was kept as a control and fed basal diet having no supplementation. Our result showed that yogurt augmented serological response and help in increasing HI antibody titer in which 200 gm yogurt showed immense potential in increasing HI titer until last day of experiment. All levels of Garlic group augmented serological response in term of antibody titer hut remain statistically insigni flcant in increasing HI titer.The heterophil population and I I/L ratio was also improved in both yogurt and garlic groups however 40 grn garlic fed group showed a better response in increasing hctcrophil population. TLC remains insignificant both at treatment and levels throughout the experiment. Body weight gain and FCR was also improved with yogurt and garlic supplementation however 200 gm yogurt showed a curvilinear response over the range of yogurt bd levels. Yogurt and garlic supplementation also showed improvement in the development of immune organ such as spleen, thymus and liver, their I listological examination revealed that an increase in supplementation of yogurt and garlic have no lethal effect upon morphological structure of these organs. In conclusion, yogurt as a probiotic and garlic as a growth promoter agent displayed a greater efficacy in increasing HI titer, heterophils population and improving productive performqnce of broilers in which 200 gm yougurt/kg diet group and 40gm garlic/kg diet showed an immense potential in improving above traits, so their use in broiler diet should be considered instead of using costly commercial probiotics and antibiotics.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1229,T] (1).
130.
Clinico -Pathological Studies In Cattle Suffering From Theileriosis In District Peshawar
by Dr.Akhtar Munir | Muhammad Yasin Tipu | Dr.Aftab | Dr.Muhammad Younas Rana.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: The present study was designed to diagnose theileriosis, to check its prevalence, to see its effects on liver and kidney function tests and to evaluate supportive therapy in the cattle population of district Peshawar. For this purpose district Peshawar was divided into 4 units and and five blood samples were collected from five villages of each unit. Thus a total of 20 villages were sampled for collection of blood samples from100 suspected animals. Screening of animals was done by blood smears stained by Giemsa staining technique. The blood smears showed theileria, piroplasms, including cocci, rod and signet-ring. On the basis of microscopic examination the overal prevalence of theileriosis in district Peshawar was 16% (16/100).
Liver and kidney function tests were perfomed on heparinized plasma using chemistry analyser (Microlab 300). The values of SGPT, SGOT, Albumin, Total bilirubin and creatinine were increased while the values of total protein and albumin were decreased as compared to the normal reference values
For evaluation of supportive therapy half of the theileria positive animals were treated with butalax only and the other half were treated with butalax + liver tonic and diuretics (Hepasel +Lasix injections)..Evaluation of supportive therapy showed that the values of liver functions tests and kidney function tests of theileria positive animals treated with Butalax + Hepasel and diuretics as supportive therapy came to the normal range after five days of treatments as compared to those treated with only butalax.
It is anticipated that present study was proved helpful in diagnosis of theileriosis and evaluation of supportive therapy and will be beneficial for further study.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1243,T] (1).
131.
Comparative Efficacy Of Immunomodulators Seleniu, Vitamin E And Herbal Supplements Against IBD Vaccinated Broiler Chickens
by Beenish Zahid | Dr.Muti-ur-Rehman | Prof.dr.Muhammad Younas Rana.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1248,T] (1).
132.
Study Of Pathogenesis Of Mycoplasma Gallisepticum In White Leg Horn Layer
by Mubasher Rauf | Prof.Dr.Zafar Iqbal Ch | Dr Aftab | Dr.M.Younus Rana.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: In first part of present study 380 samples were collected from clinically suspected cases of layers suffering from respiratory diseases in and around Lahore. Samples were subjected for mycoplasma isolation by using Frey's medium. Plates with positive growth revealed characteristic colonies on 8th day post inoculation that reached maximum in size and growth at 15th day post inoculation. Out of 380 samples, 104 (27.36%) samples were positive on culture. Isolates were identified through growth inhibition test (GIT) by using hyper immune sera raised in rabbits. Isolates were further confirmed by PCR. Similarly, tracheal swabs and tissue samples of lungs and trachea collected under refrigeration were also subjected for DNA analysis. Out of 380 samples 264 (69.5%) were positive on PCR analysis. By comparing two diagnostic techniques it was found that PCR was more sensitive and reliable technique for screening of Mycoplasma gallisepticum.
In second part of study experiment isolates were analyzed for protein profile of Mycoplasma by standardization of two techniques Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel (SDS-PAGE) and western blotting. These techniques help to find out any antigenic variation in prevailing strain of mycoplasma. During our study five bands of protein were detected with molecular size of 32.35 kDa, 43.65 kDa, 52.48 kDa, 64.56 kDa and 70.8 kDa. These proteins were extracted from whole cell of Mycoplasma gallisepticum isolates. On comparing the molecular sizes it was found that isolated species showed low antigenic variation, analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Western blot was used to determine the specific protein of Mycoplasma gallisepticum with the use of specific polyclonal antibody raised in rabbit. The positive reaction site was shown on nitrocellulose membrane confirming target species of CRD.
During third part of present study, it was concluded that aerosol route of infection causes early disease, followed by intra tracheal and per-oral route respectively. The severity of infection was found more in aerosol and intra tracheal routes of inoculation than per-oral route which was found to be very mild. The general gross lesions observed in the above two groups were hemorrhages in trachea with mucous plug. There was air sacculitis, hemorrhages in the lungs, salpingitis and putrefied eggs in the ovary. On histopathological examination lesions were found in trachea, lungs and oviduct.
Re-isolation was carried out to confirm antigen in experimentally inoculated birds. Paraffin embedded sections of trachea, lungs and oviduct were processed for immunohistochemical examination in order to confirm the antigen of Mycoplasma gallisepticum within tissue. A positive immunochemical reaction was found in lungs and oviduct. Which represents that antigen was same as inoculated during study of pathogenesis.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1258,T] (1).
133.
Detection Of Canine Parvo Infection At Different Pet Clinics In Lahore Through Haemagglutination (Ha)
by Asif Ali | Prof.Dr.M.Younus Rana | Dr.Asim Aslam | Prof.Dr.Kamran Ashraf.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: Canine parvovirus, caused by a haemagglutinating canine parvovirus (CPV), one of the most important acute viral infectious diseases of pups, had been prevalent in the country. In the present study, 200 faecal and blood samples, from clinically suspected cases of parvovirus diseases dogs were collected from five pet centers of Lahore. Serum samples were harvested for hemaglutination inhibition test while the faecal samples were diluted and centrifuged to collect the supernatant. Being a haemagglutinating (HA) virus, the pre-filtered supernatant from all suspected samples was checked for any HA activity using 1% washed chicken erythrocytes. Out of total of 200 samples, 127 samples were found HA positive. Postmortem of dead dogs suspected for CPV infection was done and various gross pathological lesions were noted. Blood filled intestine lumen was found during postmortem. When lumen of intestine was opened it gave washed out appearance of intestine as mucosa was severely sloughed off. The heart of young puppies showed marbled appearance due to the presence of whitish layer on heart. Tissue samples duodenum, jejunum, ileum and heart were preserved in 10% formalin solution. The CPV cases were also observed in the locally found cross breed. This could be due to the emergence of the new stains of parvo virus due to which the cross breed getting affected.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1260,T] (1).
134.
The Study On Pathogenesis Of Newly Isolated New Castle Disease Virus In Immune And Non Immune Birds
by Muhammad Fahad Aslam | Dr.Muti-ur-Rehman Khan | Dr.Muhammad Younis Rana.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1261,T] (1).
135.
Effect Of Vitamin-E Supplementation On Lead Toxicity In Japanese Quail (Coturnix Japinica)
by Yaseen Humayun | Dr.Asim Aslam | Dr.Kamran | Dr.Muhammad Younas Rana.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: Quails are farmed in large number in Pakistan. Due to improper manage mental rearing system for quails in Pakistan the chances of lead toxicity is more in country through feed and fences and water. A total number of 420, day old chicks of Japanese quail were procured from the hatchery of Avian Research and Training Centre (ARTC), UVAS, Lahore. They were assigned seven dietary treatments. There were three replicates in each treatment group and each replicate was of twenty chicks. Control diet group A received only basal diet without any supplementation. Group B received basal diet + 50 mg/kg Pb. Group C received basal diet + 75 mg/kg Pb. Group D received basal diet +100 mg/kg Pb. Group E received basal diet+50 mg/kg Pb+40 mg/kg vit-E. Group F received basal diet+75 mg/kg Pb + 40mg/kg vit-E. Group G received basal diet+100 mg/kg Pb + 40mg/kg vit-E. The body weight of each the birds were carried out weekly and significant results were observed. Blood samples were collected on the 21st (3rd week), 28th (4th week), 35th (5th week) and 42nd (6th week) days of dietary treatment from two birds from each group to evaluate the liver, kidney functions and non significant results were observed. In liver mild degeneration of hepatocytes and increase in Kupffer cells while degeneration in the epithelium and mild fibrosis in interstitial tissue and cystic dilatations in the tubules and hyaline casts in the lumens of kidney tubules were major pathological lesions caused by lead and vitamin-E were observed.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1264,T] (1).
136.
Prevalence And Biochemical Studies On Cattle Suffering From Babesiosis In District Swabi,Khyber Pukhtoonkha
by Naveed Khan | Muhammad Yasin Tipu | Dr.Habib-ur-Rehman | Dr.Muhammad Younas Rana.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: The present study was designed to diagnose Babesiosis in cattle in District Swabi Khyber Pukhtoonkhwa, to check its prevalence, determine its effect on the liver, kidney function tests and to check the role of supportive therapy. For this purpose blood sample was collected from 100 animals suspected to be suffering from Babesiosis in 20 different villages in district Swabi. Selection of animals was based on clinical signs like haemoglobinuria, temperature and jaundice of Babesiosis. The infection was confirmed by blood smears using Giemsa staining technique. The blood smears showed Babesia piroplasms, which were like double pear shaped or like signet-ring shaped. On the basis of microscopic examination the overall prevalence of Babesiosis in cattle in District Swabi was recorded as 10%. The blood of animals showing Babesia was analyzed in chemistry analyzer using commercially available kits.The values of SGPT, SGOT, Albumin, Total Bilirubin and Creatinine were increased while the values of Total protein an Albumin were decreased as compared to the normal reference values.
Bebesia positive animals Group A were divided into two Group B and Group C. Group B was only treated with antibabesial drug Imizol and Group C was treated with Imizol along with supportive drug i.e. liver tonic and diuretic (Hepasel+Lasix). After 5 days of treatment the plasma of treated animals was again analyzed for biochemical parameters and was compared before and after treatment (with and without supportive drug). The biochemical analysis showed that the biochemical indicators were normalizing in Group B and coming near to normal in Group C. The study is helpful in better understanding of the pathogenesis, supporting therapy and the effect of disease on the affected animals. This study showed that Babesiosis damaged the kidney and liver and the use of supportive drug along with specific drug was effective to recover the animals from infection.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1267,T] (1).
137.
Studies On Molecular Diagnosis And Pathogenesis Of Canine Parvovirus
by Akbar Ali | Dr.Muti-ur-Rehman Khan | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Younas Rana.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: Canine parvovirus, caused by a haemagglutinating CPV, is one of the most important acute viral infectious diseases of pups, had been prevalent in the country. In the present study, 50 faecal samples, from clinically suspected cases of parvovirus diseases dogs were collected from pet center of UVAS, Lahore. All the samples collected from the infected dogs were analyzed for complete blood count. There were decrease in the value of certain blood parameters including TEC, TLC, PCV. ESR ,Hb, Plt, MCV,MCH,MCHC. The samples were diluted and centrifuged to collect the supernatant. Being a haemagglutinating (HA) virus, the pre-filtered supernatant from all suspected samples was checked for HA activity using 1% washed chicken erythrocytes. Out of 50 samples, 35 samples were found HA positive. All the HA positive and negative samples were processed for extraction of viral DNA with Genomic DNA purification kit. The net isolated DNA samples were subjected to Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) by using specific primers (developed against the variable genomic region of the capsid protein of the DNA) of the CPV. One of the selected primer pair amplified the genomic region present in the CPV-2b. Optimization of PCR was done for the molecular level daignosis of canine parvovirus and this technique was previously not available or standardized in local conditions of Pakistan. With the use of primer pair, best results were found on following optimizing conditions like annealing temperature 55 0C, primers concentration (reverse and forward) 30 pmoles, Magnesium Chloride concentration 2.5mM, DNA (Template) volume 5 µl, Taq DNA polymerase (12.5U) and 200 µM of each dNTPs. The PCR product was analyzed for the banding pattern of 681 bp amplified by the primer pair against the standard DNA ladder (100bp) by using horizental agarose gel electrophoresis. Four of the HA negative samples were amplified by the PCR reaction. and the presence of CPV 2a and CPV 2b in Pakistan as the prevalent pathogenic strains. This study has been a first step for the molecular diagnosis of canine parvovirus in local conditions of Pakistan. It is hoped that this study will pave the way for further advanced studies on this topic.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1270,T] (1).
138.
Studies On Pathogenesis And Molecular Characterization Of Contagious Caprie Pleuropnemonie In Small Ruminants
by Umer Sadique | Prod.Dr.Zafar Iqbal | Dr.Aftab | Prof.Dr.M.Younus Rana.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1273,T] (1).
139.
Remodeling Of Histopathological Changes And Immunostimulatory Effect Of Probiotic Vitamin E-Selenium And Aniseed Supplementation in IBD Vaccinated Broiler Birds
by Aima Idrees | Dr.Asim Aslam | Prof.Dr.Azhar | Prof.Dr.M.Younus Rana.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1275,T] (1).
140.
Pathological Changes Induced By Deltamethrin In Japanese Quails (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica) And Its Treatment With Vitamin E and Selenium
by Muhammad Zahid Khan | Dr.Muti-ur-Rehman Khan | Dr.KAmran | Prof.Dr.M.Younus Rana.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1277,T] (1).
141.
Toxicopathological And Immunosuppressive Effect S In Broilers Induced By Concurrent Exposure To Aflatoxin-Bi And Ochratoxin-A
by Sajid Umar | Prof.Dr.M.Younus Rana | Dr.Aftab | Dr.Muti-ur-Rehman Khan.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1280,T] (1).
142.
Toxico-Pathological And Hematological Study In Japanese ( Coturnix Coturnix Japonica ) Exposed To Ochratoxin A And Aflatoxin B
by Muhammad shahzad | Dr. Muti-ur-rehman khan | Dr. kamran | Dr. M. younus rana.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: Mycotoxins are secondary metabolite toxins produced by fungi in or on grains, cereals and nuts used as feed in the poultry industry. Mycotoxicity in birds has been well documented and its severity increases in combination with other toxins. The study determined synergistic pathological responses in quail chicks when fed different level of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and Ochratoxin A (OTA). A total of 245 quails chicks were divided into seven groups (G1-G7) having 35 quail chicks in each. OTA mixed feed was fed to quail chicks at a dose rate of 1 and 1.5 ppm in G1 and G2 respectively. G3 were fed 2 ppm OTA + 1 ppm AFB1. AFB1 was offered in the feed at a level of 1 and 1.5 ppm in G4 and G5 respectively. G6 birds were fed 2 ppm AFB1 + 1 ppm OTA while G7 acted as a control. All the birds offered toxin free basal diet for first 7 days. Day 7 was considered zero day of experiment. At this day chicks shifted to different groups of 35 each (G1-G7). Group G7 was control group and offered toxin free diet. Birds were monitored twice daily for clinical signs. Randomly selected six birds from each group were slaughtered at day 14, 21, and 28. Blood samples with and without anticoagulant were collected for hematological and biochemical studies respectively. Morbid tissue of liver, kidney, and intestine were collected for histopathological studies. The OTA groups developed anemia manifested by a significant decrease in the red blood cell count, packed cell volume percentage and hemoglobin concentration, while increase erythrocyte sedimentation rate at the end of the experiment all groups showed significant reduction in red blood cell count. This reduction was found to increase with time proportionally to the level of OTA and AFB1 alone or in combination exposure. Clinical signs in chicks administered AFB1 and OTA included depression, decreased feed intake and decreased body weight. Severity in clinical signs was dose related. Pathological lesions in liver of these chicks were hemorrhages, fatty change, centrilobular necrosis and periportal fibrosis. Microscopically, liver showed vacuolation, fatty change, congestion and individual cell necrosis. Kidney of these chicks included pyknotic changes in the epithelium of proximal and distal convoluted tubules. Severe necrotic changes in the collecting ducts and accumulation of pink homogenous material in the lumen of tubules. Intestine showed hemorrhages, edema, degeneration and infiltration of mononuclear cells were observed. OTA damaged intestinal mucosa more severely than AFB1. Serum biochemical study indicated a significant decrease in total serum proteins and increase in urea and creatinine. It is concluded that AFB1 and OTA are capable of inducing hematological and histopathological alterations in quail chicks at higher dietary concentrations, either individually or in combination.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1301,T] (1).
143.
Detection Of Mycoplasma Synoviae By Pcr And Its Histopatholohical Studies In Poutry Breeder In District Abbottabad
by Sajjad Ahmad | Dr. Muti- ur- Rehman Khan | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Younus Rana.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: Poultry, an important sub-sector of livestock, has emerged a cheaper source of protein for human consumption. Mycoplasmas are the smallest known bacteria, 300-800 nm in diameter and are capable of replicating outside the cell. Mycoplasma synoviae is a member of the class Mollicutes, order Mycoplasmatales, family Mycoplasmataceae. Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) is considered economically to be most important pathogen. Mycoplasma synoviae infections occur in poultry worldwide, affecting poultry and causes diseases like respiratory distress, synovitis and arthritis. Mycoplasma is transmitted from infected to healthy birds both by horizontal and vertical routes. Horizontally disease is transmitted via infected and healthy carrier birds, hatchery, housing, equipments, feeding and during transportation.
To have an insight on pathogenesis and reliable diagnostic techniques, the present project was designed to know comparative sensitivity of rapid agglutination test and polymerase chain reaction for MS diagnosis and to study the gross lesion and histopathological changes in chicken joints produced by MS.
The birds showing clinical signs that included respiratory i.e. tracheal rales, conjunctivitis, coughing, sneezing, ocular and nasal discharge and infectious synovitis were selected for sample collection. Initially the collected sera samples were examined by Rapid Serum Agglutination test. RSA and PCR tests were used in order to confirm the pathogenic agent. RSA and PCR positive samples were further processed for histopathological study in order to identify the lesions in tissues produced by causative organism. In field visits it was observed that the suspected birds were with pale comb, mild to severe lameness, dull, depressed, ruffled feather, conjunctivitis, oculo-nasal discharge, tracheal rales and greenish or sulfur faeces. Birds hock joints, toe joints and paws pad were swelled. The infected birds were occasionally found with generalized infection. The infected birds complicated with other diseases of poultry such as Newcastle and infectious bronchitis causes infection airsacculitis.
Rapid serum agglutination test was conducted at 14 broiler breeder farms. The birds at a farm were showing respiratory and infectious synovitis signs and symptoms, suspected to Mycoplasma synoviae. The tests were performed at the spot. A total of 239 sera samples were examined out of which 63 (26.35%) sera samples were positive for MS. The clinical samples were identified and confirmed as Mycoplasma synoviae infection by PCR. The amplified PCR product was given about 211 bp size while PCR buffer was used as negative control. A total of 213 samples were subjected to PCR and 65 (30.52%) revealed PCR positive results for tracheal swabs, 28.16% (20 samples out 71) showed positive results. For tracheal and lung 33.38 % (24 out of 71) and 29.57% (21 out of 71 samples) were positive, respectively. The PCR test successfully amplified the DNA of MS clinical positive samples. Sixty five out of 213 Mycoplasma synoviae isolates were positive in MS specific PCR while the other 148 samples were negative. The sensitivity and specificity of molecular method Polymerase chain reaction was 100 percent.
For histopathological studies the samples of different organs including trachea, lungs, liver, hock joints (articular cartilage, piece of synovial membrane) and foot pad were further processed. The trachea was examined. There was epithelial degeneration, desquamation. congestion, haemorrhages and inflammatory cell infiltration. The lungs were examined and it was revealed that there was marked congestion, haemorrhages, necrosis and mononuclear cells infiltration. Liver showed infiltration of lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages. Articular cartilage showing chondrocytes degenration. Synovial membrane was thickened due to infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cell. Foot pad showed hyperkaratosis and thickning of epidermis, acanthosis, degeneration of cartilage, infiltration of both mononuclear and plasma cell.
It is concluded from findings of present study that PCR is more appropriate technique than RSA for timely diagnosis of Mycoplasma synoviae. However combination of findings of both techniques may be utilized for accurate detection of Mycoplasma synoviae from broiler breeder in district Abbottabad.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1316,T] (1).
144.
Surveillance Of Tuberculosis In Buffaloes, Cattle And Derectton Of Mycobacterium Bovis And Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in Food of Animal Origin
by Muhammad Yasin Tipu | Prof. Dr. Zafar Iqbal Chaudhry | Dr. Muhammad Younus | Prof. Dr.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: The main objectives of this study were: to survey the prevalence of TB infection in livestock and their products in Pakistan; to standardize PCR based techniques for the detection of TB in buffaloes, cattle and animal products (milk and meat) as presently no such system has been developed for the detection of TB in animals and their products in Pakistan; to evaluate improved tests for the differentiation of Mycobacterium complex isolates in cattle, buffaloes and animal food products and to compare modern and conventional methods for rapid diagnosis of the Mycobacterial spp. The study was performed in different experiments to have surveillance of tuberculosis in Buffaloes and Cattle; and to detect the presence of different Mycobacteria in animal food products. One thousand animals from different areas of Lahore District were screened with the tuberculin test. The milk and blood of tuberculin tested animals were further studied for the presence of Mycobacterial spp. by conventional methods as well as Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). In other experiments one hundred market milk samples and ten thousand five hundred tissue samples from twenty-one hundred carcasses at Lahore slaughter house were screened with conventional microbiological tests and multiplex PCR for differentiation of Mycobacterium species. The results indicated that PCR had more sensitivity and required less time to detect and differentiate different Mycobacterial species as compared to conventional methods. It was also noted that M. bovis were found in milk and blood of milking animals as well as tissue sample collected from Lahore slaughter house. On the basis of findings, regular monitoring of the milking animals, animals to be slaughtered, and workers handling these animals is suggested. It is also recommended to review the current slaughter act to prevent the slaughtering of TB affected animals.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1321,T] (1).
145.
Clinico- Pathological Studies Of Ascites In Broiler Chickens
by Hafiz Muhammad Anwar- ul- Haq | Dr. Asim Aslam | Prof. Dr | Prof. Dr. M. Younus Rana.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: This study was carried out on total of 310 samples. Out of these samples, 200 were the blood samples (100 from the diseased birds and 100 from the apparently healthy birds), second were the tissue samples of liver which were 80 in number (50 from the ascitic birds and 30 from the apparently healthy birds). Then 20 were the water samples (10 from the source of water production and remaining 10 were from the drinking levels of the birds) and 10 feed samples. Samples were collected from randomly selected ten (10) broiler poultry farms in the district Gujranwala having the problem of ascites. The study was completed in four parts. In first part, serum biochemical parameters of liver were studied. The included parameters were total serum proteins, albumins, globulins, A/G ratio and SGPT. In second part of project, mineral profiles of serum concentrations were studied. Then in third part of the study, the collected, feed and water samples were analyzed for their dietary mineral levels. Sodium, potassium and chloride were the minerals, selected for study. Studies of the mineral profiles of feed and water samples were conducted at the Department of Nutrition, U.V.A.S. Lahore. Then the correlation was studied between the dietary mineral levels present in the feed and water, to the mineral levels exhibiting in the serum samples. On the basis of mineral levels present in the feed, water and serum samples, it was concluded that the Na and chloride may contribute to the development of ascities as the results were significant (P>0.05) but the role of K in this regard was not seemed to be significant (P<0.05) thus it may not has any significant contribution in the development of ascites syndrome. In fourth and last part of study, histopathology of the tissue samples was conducted. In this part of study, the tissue samples, collected from liver of ascitic birds and apparently healthy birds were subjected to histopathology and microscopic examination for significant changes. Histopathological studies showed that the hepatic degeneration, hepatic necrosis and fibrosis of the hepatic capsule were the common findings in the diseased group. The study elucidated the marked decrease of serum proteins including the total serum proteins and albumin while it was observed that the ascites syndrome has no significant effect on the enzyme assays of the liver.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1326,T] (1).
146.
Histopathological Investigation Of Pleuropneumonia In Buffaloes Caused By Mycoplasma Bovis
by Ayesha Rabail | Dr. Muti-Ur-Rehman Khan | Dr. Kamran | Prof. Dr. M Younus Rana.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2009-2011Dissertation note: This study was conducted by keeping in view the worldwide importance of Mycoplasma bovis to cause pneumonia and many other diseases, as it causes great economic losses to bovine industry. In the current project the incidence of Mycoplasma bovis to cause pleuropneumonia was studied, and its respective histopathological changes in lungs of the pneumonic adult buffaloes and buffalo calves were examined. 100 lung samples for this purpose (50 lung samples from adult buffaloes and 50 lung samples from buffalo calves) were collected from the Lahore Bakar Mandi Abbatoir. Samples were collected on the basis of following criteria: Red hepatization, grey hepatization, multifocal abscess, necrotic lung tissue. These samples were then divided into two portions, one half placed in 10% buffered formalin in the bottles and other half kept in sterile polythene bag. The portion of lungs for bacteriological study was kept in ice box. Histopathological procedure was performed in the pathology department of University Of Veterinary And Animal Sciences Lahore. The samples were subjected to histopathological procedures and then slides were observed microscopically for the changes. Microscopically pulmonary odema, consolidation, caseous necrosis, abscess infiltration of mononuclear cells, plasma cells, macrophages, neutrophils infiltration were observed. For culturing of Mycoplasma bovis PPLO broth was prepared and samples were inoculated in the broth medium. At 7th day of inoculation the yellow color of the broth medium appeared which was indicative of positive samples. 30% positive samples in adult buffaloes and 36% in buffalo calves were obtained. These samples were then inoculated on the PPLO agar plates for further precision of results. On agar plates typical colonies of the Mycoplasma were observed under bright field compound microscope and 60% positive samples in adult buffaloes and 66% in buffalo calves were obtained. Next step towards the confirmation of Mycoplasma bovis was specific acridine staining, in which positive of Mycoplasma bovis samples gave dull yellow to colorless appearance of yellow broth medium and gave egg fried colony on agar. 78% adult buffalo and 67% buffalo calves showed positive results. These samples were then subjected to final confirmatory test which was growth inhibition disk test, in which hyper immune sera was raised in rabbits and filter paper disks soaked in this sera were used to check the zone of inhibition on cultured agar plates. 70% positive samples in adult buffaloes and 75% in buffalo calves were obtained which confirmed the presence of Mycoplasma bovis. CFU/ml of the positive samples calculated between 105-108. So the incidence of Mycoplasma bovis to cause pneumonia in adult buffaloes and buffalo calves calculated was (10% and 12%) respectively.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1335,T] (1).
147.
Effect Of Zinc Supplementation On Cadmium (Cd) Toxicity In Japanese Quail (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica)
by Umair Ishtiaq | Prof. Dr. Muhannad Younus Rana | Dr. Muti - Ur- Rehman Khan | Prof. Dr.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: Cadmium (Cd) has been recognized as an environmental pollutant especially due to its anthropogenic activity. Exposure to Cd is known to cause harmful effects of different levels of the trophic chain, because of bioaccumulation. Toxic effects of Cd are observed in the kidneys, lungs, testes, prostate, and the erythropoietic system in chicken and rat. These effects are associated with teratogenesis and carcinogenesis. Zinc posseses protective and antagonistic action in the uptake and toxic effects of cadmium, probably because of Zn-induced synthesis of metallothionein that detoxifies Cd by firmly binding this metal. The objectives of present study are:
1) To understand the effect of zinc on cadmium toxicity in Japanese quails
2) To study the effect of zinc and cadmium on liver and kidney function along with histopathological changes.
This experimental trial was carried out at Avian Research and Training Centre (ARTC), UVAS Lahore and tests were performed at Pathology Deptt UVAS Lahore. Day old Japanese quails (C. coturnix japonica) (n = 560) were used in this experiment. For this purpose, a total number of 560, day old chicks of Japanese quail were procured from the hatchery of ART Centre. They were assigned to seven dietary treatments. There were four replicates in each treatment group and each replicate was of twenty chicks.
A =Control diet group will receive only basal diet without any supplementation. B= Basal diet + 50 mg/kg Cd, C = Basal diet + 75 mg/kg Cd, D =Basal diet +100 mg/kg Cd E=Basal diet+50 mg/kg Cd+40 mg/kg Zn, F=Basal diet+75 mg/kg Cd + 40mg/kg Zn and G =. Basal diet+100 mg/kg Cd + 40mg/kg Zn. Each group consisted of 80 birds. The body weight of each the birds was carried out weekly. Blood samples were collected on the 21st (3rd week), 28th (4th week), 35th (5th week) and 42nd (6th week) days of treatment from each group to evaluate the liver and kidney functions and vital organs were collected after slaughtering from each group and then histo-pathological analysis was done. The data was analyzed by two way ANOVA.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1339,T] (1).
148.
Isolation, Characterization And Pathogenesis Of Capripox Virus
by Abdul Sajid | Prof. Dr. Zafar Iqbal Chaudhry | Dr. Aftab | Prof. Dr. Azhar Maqbool.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: Goat pox is the most important pox diseases of livestock and it usually
causes huge economic losses. The economic losses occur in terms of mortality,
reduced productivity and lower quality of wool and leather. The clinical
manifestations of the disease include high temperature, lesions skin in the form of
macules, papules, vesicles, pustule and scabs on hairless areas of the body. The
disease is highly contagious having high morbidity and mortality in the infected
herds. The present study was conducted to document the prevalence of goat pox
disease in the different regions of Punjab. The study was based on clinical
manifestation of the disease in various collecting spots including slaughter houses,
cattle and hide markets and tanneries. The prevalence of goat pox at slaughter
houses in different regions was 9.93% in arid region followed by 8.69% and 7% in
southern and northern irrigated regions respectively. The prevalence of pox disease
in sheep was highest (8.54%) in the northern irrigated region, 7.69% and 6.62% in
arid and southern irrigated regions respectively.
The prevalence of pox recorded in the hide markets shows a trend of high
presence 7.29% in arid region followed by 6.22% and 3.84% in southern and
northern irrigated regions. Whereas in sheep the overall prevalence was 0.51 %,
4.44% and 1.66% in northern irrigated, arid and southern irrigated regions.
In tanneries the pox lesions were identified on the basis of method as
adopted in hide markets. The overall prevalence of pox in goat was 3.96%, 4.06%
and 4.09% while in sheep 9.58%, 2.41 % and 10% in northern irrigated, arid and
southern irrigated regions.
The overall prevalence of pox disease in goat was 5%, 5.79% and 5.34% in
Northern irrigated, arid and southern irrigated regions respectively. Where as in
sheep, pox was 3.133%, 4.11 % and 2.67% in Northern irrigated, arid and southern
irrigated regions respectively. The highest trend of incidence of disease was present
in the arid regions followed by southern and northern regions. The slaughter houses
shows high incidence of disease as compared to cattle and hide market and
tanneries. The result was significant (P<0.05) among the regions and samples
collecting spots.
A total of 100 samples consisting of 55 scabs and 45 skin tissues were
randomly selected from the different collecting spots of the three regions. The scabs
and skin tissue samples were processed on dehydrated minimum essential media
tor virus isolation. The virus was isolated on Vero cell line culture and its
characteristics were observed on the basis of specific cytopathic effects. All 55 scab
samples consisting 20 from cattle markets, 20 from slaughter house and 15 from
hide market and tannery were tested through cell culture. The cell culture positive
result for scabs was 60% cattle markets, 20% hide market and tannery and 40%
slaughter house.
All 45 skin tissue samples including 5 from cattle markets and tannery, 20
from hide market and 20 from slaughter house were subjected to virus isolation on
Vero cell line. The cell culture positive result for skin tissue samples was 100% cattle
markets, 30% hide market and tannery and 60% slaughter house. In this way the
total cell culture result for scabs and skin tissue samples from all areas become
41.82% and 51.11 % respectively.
The isolated virus was confirmed through peR. All the collected samples
were also analyzed through peR in order to compare the two techniques for disease
diagnosis. Out of 40 samples from slaughter houses 18 scabs and 15 tissues
sample were positive through peR with 82.5%. Out of 25 samples collected from
cattle markets consisting of 20 scabs and 5 skin tissues, 17 of scabs and 5 skin
tissues were positive with 92%.
Similarly a total of 35 samples out of which 15 were scabs and 20 were skin
tissues collected from hide markets and tanneries. The peR of 7 scabs and 14 skin
tissues was positive with 60%. In this way the total peR result for scabs and skin
tissue from all areas was 42% and 34% respectively.
In the 3rd study of the present project the isolated virus was inoculated in to
experimental animal to study the detail pathogenesis. The disease followed the
same pattern as in the natural outbreak. But however the routes of inoculation affect
the severity of the disease. During the study the diseased animals were periodically
slaughter at weekly interval after the appearance of 1 st clinical signs. The detailed
lesions were observed in different visceral organs and the tissues were collected
and preserved in 10% formalin. The tissues were processed for histopathology and
immunohistochemical examination. The IHC was successfully optimized for the
detection of viral antigen in the tissues of skin, lung and lymph nodes.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1372,T] (1).
149.
Detection Of Soulfonamide Residues With Associated Histopathological Findings In The Tissues Of Cattle An Buffalo
by Mujahid Iqbal | r. Muhammad Yasin Tipu | Dr. Asim Aslam | Prof. Dr. Tahir Yaqub.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2012Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1483,T] (1).
150.
Etiological Study Of Pancytopenic Children
by Dr. Syed Maaz Nadeem | Dr. Muti-ur-Rehman Khan | Dr. Aftab Ahmed Anjum | Dr. Asim Aslam.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: Pancytopenia is a hematological condition in which there is a decrease in all three cell lines of peripheral blood i.e. erythrocytes, leucocytes and platelets leading to anemia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia. Complications of anemia, repeated infections and bleeding tendencies are sometimes horrifying and may result in death of individual.
The present study was designed to analyze the underlying pathology, different clinico-haematological features and importance of bone marrow study in one hundred children presenting with pancytopenia. Present study was carried out in pediatric laboratory of Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan..
Detailed history was taken in all cases. Complete blood counts were done on an automated blood analyzer (Sysmex Kx-21). For counter check of total leucocyte count, differential leucocyte count and platelets, smears were also prepared and stained by using Giemsa stain. Red cell morphology was done on blood smear for theconfirmation of red cell indices. A total volume of 3 ml venous blood was drawn into a syringe. Out of which 1.0 ml was delivered into EDTA containing vacutainer and remaining 2 ml blood was transferred to a plain glass tube. After clotting and centrifugation serum was obtained for screening of hepatitis B surface antigen and antibodies against hepatitis C virus. Bone marrow aspiration was also performed where indicated.
Megaloblastic anaemia (42%) Aplastic anaemia (26%) and ALL (8%) were found to be the common causes of pancytopenia in our scenario. Less common causes of pancytopenia were infections (8%), mixed deficiency (4%), MDS (4%) and lymphoma (4%). In all above mentioned cases clinical manifestations and peripheral blood counts played an important role in their evaluation.
Two cases of haemophagocytic syndrome (2%), a rare cause of pancytopenia were also diagnosed in this study.
This study also explained the importance of physical examination, peripheral blood findings and bone marrow examinations in the management of pancytopenic patients. Peripheral blood film and bone marrow aspiration should be performed simultaneously in pancytopenia patients when the diagnosis is not confirmed. Bone marrow examination in most cases gives the specific diagnosis. However, in few cases, additional tests may be required.
Serum vitamin B12 and folic acid levels may be needed for confirmation of megaloblastic anemia. Serum iron, TIBC and iron staining on bone marrow smears may be required in iron deficiency anemia. In cases of leukemia flow cytometry study may be more helpful in reaching a final diagnosis. Bone marrow biopsy is mandatory in aplastic anemia.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1539,T] (1).
