51.
Bioavailability Of Tylosin Tartrate After Flock Medication Via Drinking Water In Broilers
by Shahid Bashir | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Dr. Muhammad | Dr. Muhammad Ovais Omer.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2004Dissertation note: Microbiological assay was used to determine the biological availability of tylosin tartrate in broiler chickens with bascillus subtillus as a test organism. Two groups of birds were made (A & B). Group A was medicated with Tyloexcel and group B with Tyleco soluble. Then blood samples were collected serially. Plasma concentration was found by using microbiological assay and the obtained data was compared with published pharmacokinetic data. Stability of two products (using the same technique) showed both products are equally stable in water and no significant difference is between these two products. In the present research Maximum time (tmax) 2 hours for tylosin obtained after oral administration indicates that using this antibiotic with driking water in broiler chickens is the method of choice. However, relatively, low value of Maxmimum plasma concentration (Cpmax) 1.28±0.030 g/ml (Tyloexcel) and 1.2±0.025 g/ml (Tyleco soluble) after oral administration of tylosin shows that dosing of this antibiotic in chickens should be higher than in other food producing animals.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0944,T] (1).
52.
Effect Of Malathion On Serum Cholinesterase Activity And Lipid Profile In Rabbits
by Muhammad Imran | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Dr. Kamran | Dr. Muhammad Ovais Omer.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2007Dissertation note: Malathion is an organophosphorous compound widely used as pesticide, mostly in spray form. The present project was designed to study the effect of Malathion on lipid profile and inhibition of cholinesterase activity in rabbits. The experimental rabbits were kept at the animal shed of Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and were divided into five groups A, B, C, D, and E, each comprising of five animals. All the animals of each groups were shaved from their dorsal side for the application of Malathion. The animals of group A were treated with Malathion 50 mg / kg body weight, dermally. Group B was treated with 100mg of Malathion per kg B.W., dermally. Rabbits in group C were treated with Malathion at the rate of 200mg! kg B.W. Group D was treated with 400mg/kg B.W., dermally. The application of Malathion was repeated on Day 1, Day 3, Day 5 and Day 7 of the experiment. Group E was as control. Blood samples were collected from each animal separately before and after the experiment from their marginal ear veins. Serum was separated from the blood samples and was further analyzed for cholinesterase activity and lipid profile by spectro photometric method. Specified Randox kits were used for this purpose. Data collected from the experiment showed that Malathion inhibits the activity of cholinesterase enzyme. Also Malathion influences the lipid profile. In group A which was treated with Malathion 50mg/kg, the total cholesterol was increased up to 27.11%, high density lipoprotein (HDL) were increased up to 22.40%, low density lipoprotein were increased up to 175.44% and triglycerides (TGs) were decreased by 14.42%. In group B which was treated with Malathion 100mg/kg, total cholesterol was increased up to 34.46%, HDL increased up to 35.40%, LDL increased up to 183.09% while TGs were decreased by 14.02%. In group C which was treated with Malathion 200mg/kg, total cholesterol was increased up to 31.46%, HDL were increased up to
42.10%, LDL were increased up to 137.44% and TGs were decreased by 15.44%. While in group D which was treated with Malathion 400mg/kg, total cholesterol was increased up to 23.46%, HDL were increased up to 45.76%, LDL were increased up to 82.37% and TGs were decreased up to 14.95%.Activity of cholinesterase was decreased up to 82.74%, 91.59%, 89.63% and 86.64% in different groups like group A, B, C and D respectively. All the results were compared with the values of control group E. All the data obtained from these experiments was analyzed statistically.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0974,T] (1).
53.
Effect Of Detomidine And Chloramphenicol On Propofol-Induced Ana Esthesia
by Salamat Ali | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Dr. Muhammad | Dr. Muhammad Ovais Omer.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2007Dissertation note: In clinical practice anaesthetics are of great importance as for as surgeries are concerned whether in human beings or animals. This project was designed to evaluate the effect of Chioramphenicol and Detomidine on Propofol-induced anaesthesia in mice and dogs. The study was conducted in two separate experiments. In first experiment, sixty mice were divided into six groups; group A, group B, group C, group D, group E and group F. Each group comprised of ten mice. Group A was treated with Propofol (100 mg/kg). Chioramphenicol pretreatment (100, 150, 200mg/kg), 15 minutes prior to administration of Propofol (100 mg/kg) were used in Group B, C, D. Group F was treated with normal saline 0.3 ml only. Both the drugs were given as intraperitoneal injection. In second experiment, twelve dogs were divided into three groups i.e. group A, B and C. Each group comprised of four dogs. Group A was treated with Propofol (6 mg/kg, I/V) as a single bolus, while group B was given Detomidine hydrochloride (40 pg/kg body weight) intramuscularly as a premedication 15 mm before Propofol intravenously (6 mg/kg) while group C was treated with 3 mg/kg Propofol along with 40 pg/kg of Detornidine as premedication. After a wash out period of two weeks the dogs of group A were treated with Detomidine hydrochloride (40 jig/kg body weight) intramuscularly as a premedication 15 mm. before the Propofol intravenously (6mg/kg body weight) while, the dogs of group B were treated with Propofol 6 mg/kg body weight intravenously as a single bolus and group C was repeated with the 3 mg/kg Propofol along with 40 pg/kg of Detomidine as premedication. Anaesthetic parameters were noted. Serum level of Calcium, Chloride, Potassium and Sodium fell and were normal after recovery.
The results indicated that induction time remained same and was smooth with these premedication while duration of anaesthesia increased to threefold compare to control groups and uncomplicated recovery was recorded.
The collected results from this study conclude that this premedication gives better results and should be used in clinical practice.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0976,T] (1).
54.
Tha Anti-Inflammatory And Antipyretic Activity Of Nigella Sativa (Black Seeds, Kalonji) On Induced Inflammation And pyrexia in rabbits
by Muhammad Atif Raza Cheema | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Dr.Muhammad | Dr.Muhammad Ovais Omer.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 2007Dissertation note: Scientific interest in medicinal plants has grown rapidly due to increased efficiency of new plant-derived drugs, growing interest in natural products, and rising concerns about the side effects of conventional medicine. Before being considered for clinical trials in humans, the active ingredients of these plants should be identified and must show tolerable levels of toxicity in several animal models. Today, there are at least 120 distinct chemical substances derived from plants that are considered as important drugs currently in use in one or more countries in the world. More than 150 studies conducted since 1959 confirmed the pharmacological effectiveness of N. sativa seed constituents. N. sativa seed is a complex substance of more than 100 compounds, some of which have not yet been identified or studied. A combination of fatty acids, volatile oils and trace elements are believed to contribute to its effectiveness. The seeds of Nigella sativa Linn. (Ranunculaceae), commonly known as black seed or black cumin, are used in folk (herbal) medicine all over the world for the treatment and prevention of a number of disease conditions such as asthma, diarrhoea and dyslipidaemia etc. Much of the biological activity of the seeds has been shown to be due to thymoquinone, the major component of the essential oil, but which is also present in the fixed oil. The plant's mechanism of action is still largely unknown. The present study was designed to study the anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effect of Nigella Sativa oil on mammals (Rabbits). Another hypothesis is that Nigella Sativa oil has no hepatotoxicity in treated rabbits was also tested in this study. It has been observed that Nigella Sativa oil has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activity along with no hepatotoxicity in treated rabbits. The biochemical analysis including ALT and AST showed variations from normal range after injecting LPS and turpentine oil. However, after administering LPS and turpentine oil along with Nigella sativa oil showed normal range of ALT and AST values as compared to values of the control group. These findings indicate that Nigella sativa oil may have protective action against hepatotoxicity in rabbits. All the results showed that Nigella sativa oil can also be used as an anti-inflammatory and antipyretic agent in veterinary practice is less toxic to aspirin. This study therefore, supports its use in folk medicine both as antipyretic and anti-inflammatory agent and calls for further investigations to elucidate its mechanism of action.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0991,T] (1).
55.
In Vitro Antibacterial Effect Of Opuntia Dillenii And Zingiber Officinale Extracts
by Muhammad Ihtisham Umar | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Dr.Aftab Ahmad Anjum | Dr.Sheryar Afzal.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2008Dissertation note: This study was designed to test the antibacterial activity of Opuntia dillenii (Chhittarthohar) and Zingiber officinale (Ginger) extracts in four different solvents i.e. petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and water against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coil and Salmonella lyphi. Plant material was cut into small pieces and dried in desiccators. Each plant material was weighed and 20.0 grams of it was taken in four different bottles and the bottles were labeled as petroleum ether extract, chloroform extract, methanol extract and water extract. 500.0 ml of each solvent was added in the respective bottle. Plant material was macerated for three days. The extracts were filtered by whatmann's filter papers, dried in vacuum desiccators and the powder mass obtained was weighed and then reconstituted in respective solvent to get the final extract of known concentrations.
Each of the bacteria was inoculated separately in the nutrient agar medium in a concentration of 106 CFU/ml and the media was poured in petri dishes and was allowed to solidify. Five wells of 1 .0 centimeter diameter were cut in each petri dish by the help of a cork borer. 200pA of plant extract (containing 2000 jig) was poured in one well and 400 jil of extract (containing 4000 jig) was poured in second well. Gentamicin (400 jig per well) and penicillin-G (640 jig per well) were used as positive controls and respective solvent was used as negative control for each extract. The plates were remained open for 20 minutes in laminar flow hood, allowing organic solvents to evaporate and then the plates were closed and incubated at 37 degree Celsius for 24 hours and the diameter of inhibitory zone was calculated in millimeters. Each experiment was performed in five replicates. Both plant extracts showed considerable activity against gram positive bacteria. However, only ginger extract showed activity against Escherichia coli. Plant extracts showed no activity against Salmonella typhi. Petroleum ether and chloroform extract of ginger showed more activity against gram positive bacteria and methanol and water extract of ginger showed more activity against gram negative bacteria.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0993,T] (1).
56.
Comparative Therapeutic Efficacy Of Herbal Medicine(Cocciguard) With Standard Anticoccidial Drugs In Experimentally induced Coccidiosis in Broiler Chicks
by Khalid Khan | Dr.Muhammad Ovais Omer | Prof.Dr.Azhar | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2008Dissertation note: This study was designed to compare and evaluate therapeutic anticoccidial efficacy of herbal drug (steroidal sapogenin), suipha drug (suiphachiorpyrazine) and Amproliurn.
Total of 150, a day-old broiler chicks were reared for six weeks in good husbandry and hygienic conditions. Coccidiosis was induced in broiler chickens in cages (battery system). The oocysts were collected from already infected poultry guts and were processed and sporulated in potassium dichromate solution according to the standard method of floatation and then the sporulated oocysts were counted by McMaster technique and were inoculated into birds as per required dose rate to induce coccidiosis in birds of group A, B, C and D.
Coccidiosis was diagnosed on standard postmortem procedure and oocyst counting of the fecal droppings of the infected birds. Group A, B and C was medicated by sulphachlorpyarazine (Esb3), steroidal sapogenin (cocciguard) and amprolium (cocoban) respectively. Group D were infected but left un-medicated positive control and group E were left non infected and non medicated negative control.
The therapeutic efficacy of the above mentioned drugs were evaluated by oocyst counting in droppings of all the infected treated groups and by intestinal lesion scoring, bloody diarrhea. Morbidity and mortality were recorded in all infected groups before and after treatment. Oocyst counting was done in all groups after induction of coccidial infection and at the end of the treatment in all medicated groups.
Oocyst counting and intestinal lesion scoring were helpful in evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of the cocciguard (steroidal sapogenin) in comparison with the chemical anticoccidial drugs.
The following recorded parameters, oocyst counting, morbidity, mortality, bloody diarrhea, intestinal lesion scoring were subjected to statistical analysis using one way analysis of variance, to detect the therapeutic efficacy difference between treatments and the results obtained are as follows.
Oocyst per gram was 1.49*0.78, 20.36±1.89, 2.66±1.47 and 47.7±4.3 for suiphachlorpyrazine, steroidal sapogenin, amprolium and positive control respectively.
Morbidity recorded was 1.5±0.87, 2.75±0.47, 2.25±0.25, and 2.25±0.25 for sulphachlorpyrazine, steroidal sapogenin amprolium and positive control respectively.
Mortality recorded was 0.40±0.24, 2.40±0.24, 1.80±0.2, and 2.40±0.24 for suiphachiorpyrazine, steroidal sapogenin, amprolium and positive control.
Intestinal lesion scoring recorded was 1.5±0.35, 2.5±0.20, and 1.62±0.12 for sulphachlorpyrazine, steroidal sapogenin, and amprolium respectively.
Survival rate recorded was 56%, 20%, 33.30%, 0%, and 93.3% in suiphachlorpyrazine, steroidal sapogenin, amprolium, positive control, and negative control group respectively.
Percent reduction in oocyst per gram was recorded 97.48%, 18.58%, and 97.19% in suiphachiorpyrazine, steroidal sapogenin and amprolium respectively.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1016,T] (1).
57.
Comparative Pharmacokinetics Of Metronidazole In Healthy Volulteers & In Patients Suffering From Amoebiasis.
by Bilal Ashiq | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Muhammed | Muhammed Imran Khokar.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 2008Dissertation note: This study was designed to compare the pharmacokinetic parameters of Metronidazole in healthy volunteers and in human patients suffering from amoebiasis (target individuals). The study was conducted in six healthy male volunteers and six male patients suffering from amoebiasis in Services Institute of Medical Sciences (SIMS) Lahore. Only those patients were selected who were suffering from amoebiasis (confirmed after Stool test) between the age of 25-40 years. Healthy volunteers were also between ages of 25-40 years. The healthy volunteers were considered as group A and patients were considered as group A. 13oth groups were treated with Metronidazole 500mg orally per individual. 5m1 Blood samples were collected at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 24 & 36 hrs after oral administration of Metronidazole. Plasma was separated by centrifugation at 5000 RPM and stored at -20°C until assayed. Metronidazole concentrations in plasma were measured by HPLC method. Pharmacokinetics parametes were calculated from plasma concentration time profile data. Pharmacokinetics of Metronidazole in healthy volunteers and in amoebiasis patients was compared. Data was analyzed by statistical methods (T Test) and it was observed that there was no significant difference in pharmacokinetic parameters of Metronidazole in healthy volunteers and in amoebiasis patients after oral administration and there is no need of dose adjustment for Metronidazole in amoebiasis patients.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1024,T] (1).
58.
Comparative Pharmacokinetics Of Levofloxacin In Healthy Volunteers & Patients Suffering From Typhoid Fever
by Muhammed Usman | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Dr. Muhammad Imran Khokhar | Dr. Shehryar.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2008Dissertation note: This study was designed to compare the pharmacokinetic parameters of Levofloxacin in healthy volunteers and in human patients suffering from typhoid fever (target individuals). The study was conducted in six healthy male volunteers and six male patients suffering from typhoid fever in Services Institute of Medical Sciences (SIMS) Lahore. Only those patients were selected who were suffering from typhoid (confirmed after widal test) between the age of 25-40 years. Healthy volunteers were also between age of 25-40 years. The patients were considered as group A and healthy volunteers were considered as group B. Both groups were treated with Levofloxacin 5 00mg tab orally per individual. 5m1 Blood samples were collected at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36 & 72 hr from vein through 5m1 B.D syring of 23guage needle after oral administration of Levofloxacin. Plasma was separated by centrifugation at 5000 RPM and stored at -20°C until assayed. Levofloxacin concentrations in plasma were measured by previously described HPLC method. Calculation of all the pharmacokinetic parameters was done by entering plasma concentration-time data in software APO pharmacological analysis MW/PHARM version 3.02 by assuming bio-availability of levofloxacin after oral administration as 1. Pharmacokinetic parameters of Levofloxacin in healthy volunteers and in typhoid patients were compared. Data was analyzed by appropriate statistical methods and it was observed that there is no significant difference in pharmacokinetic parameters of Levofloxacin in healthy volunteers and in typhoid patients after oral administration and there is no need for dose adjustment of Levofloxacin in typhoid patients.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1027,T] (1).
59.
In Vitroantibacterial Effect Of Psidium Gajava (Amrood) & Gymnema Sylvestre (Gurmar Booti )
by Hafiz Abu Bakar Siddique Akbar | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Muhammed | Muhammed Avais Umer.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2008Dissertation note: The present study was designed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of water, methanol, chloroform and petroleum ether extracts of Psidium guajava and Gymnema sylvestre on Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi by using agar well diffusion method. Both plant extracts showed considerable activity against gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Water extract of Psidium guajava showed good activity against gram positive bacteria and the methanolic extract against gram negative bacteria while chloroform and petroleum ether extracts have only activity against gram positive bacteria but less than water and methanolic extracts which indicated that its polar component have stronger activity against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria than non polar.
Gymnema sylvestre extracts also showed activity against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria except water extract which showed no activity against the studied bacteria. The methanolic extract had stronger activity against gram-negative bacteria than chloroform and petroleum ether extracts and had no activity against Salmonella typhi at this concentration but had activity against Escherichia coli but weaker than chloroform and petroleum ether extracts. This indicated that its polar component (methanolic extract) had good activity against gram positive than gram negative bacteria. While chloroform and petroleum ether extracts have stronger activity against gram negative than gram positive bacteria. This indicated that its non-polar components have stronger activity against gram negative bacteria.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1029,T] (1).
60.
In Vitro On The Antibacterial Potential Of Ocimum Basilicum (Sweet Basil) And Glycyrrhiza Glabra (Licorice)
by Humaira Tahir | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Dr.Jawaria Ali | Dr.Muhammad Ovais Omer.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 2008Dissertation note: This study was designed to test the antibacterial activity of Ocimum basilicum L. (Sweet basil) and Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice) extracts in four different solvents i.e. petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and water against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia co/i and Salmonella typhi. Glycyrrhiza glabra roots were cut into small pieces and Ocimum basilicum L leaves were collected, washed, air dried, grounded and dried in desiccators. Each plant material was weighed and 20.0 grams of it was taken in four different bottles.500.0 ml of each solvent was added in the respective bottle. Plant material was macerated for three days. The extracts were filtered by whatmann's filter paper, dried in vacuum desiccators and the powder mass obtained was weighed and then reconstituted in respective solvent to get the final extract of known concentrations.Each of the bacteria was inoculated separately in the Nutrient Agar medium in a concentration of 1 CFU/ml and the media was poured in petri dishes and was allowed to solidify.Six wells of 1 .Ocentimeter diameter were cut in each plate with the help of sterile cork borer. In three wells equal volume of known concentrations of plant extracts was poured with the help of micropipettes. In 4th well, penicillin G (l600ig per well) and in the 5th well Gentamicin (l000ig per well) was taken as a positive control. In the 6th well, respective solvent was taken as a negative control. The plates were incubated at 37 degree Celsius for 24 hours and the DIZ was calculated in millimeters. Each experiment was performed in five replicates .Both plant extracts showed considerable activity against gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Ocimum basilicum non-polar components had good activity against gram positive than gram negative bacteria while Glycyrrhiza glabra methanol extract showed greater activity against all tested bacteria.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1035,T] (1).
61.
Study Of Hypoglycemic & Antihyperlipidemic Effect Of Ethanolic Extract Of Gymnema Sylvestre
by Shagufta Perveen | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Dr.Muhammed Ovais Omer | Muhammed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2008Dissertation note: Gymnema sylvestre (Gurmar booti) is a herb native to the tropical forests of southern and central India. This project was designed to study the hypoglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effect of ethanolic extract of Gymnema sylvestre in alloxan induced diabetes in rabbits. For this purpose thirty rabbits were divided into six groups i.e. A, B, C, D, E and F having 5 rabbits in each group. Group A was taken as control and no treatment was given to control group. Group B was taken as control group for hyperlipidemia and it was treated with cholesterol powder at a rate of 600mg/Kg body weight orally daily for 15 days. Group C was treated with cholesterol powder at a rate of 600mg/Kg body weight orally daily to produce hyperlipidemia after 5 days this Group was treated with ethanolic extract of Gymnema sylvestreat at a rate of 400mg/Kg body weight orally daily for 15 days. In other groups diabetes were induced by treating them with alloxan at a rate of 150mg/Kg body weight intravenously into the marginal ear vein. The rabbits were monitored for a week for the development of diabetes by measuring glucose level, then they were treated. The Group D was taken as diabetic control group. Group E was treated with glibenclamide at a rate of 600p.g/kg body weight orally for 15 days. Group F was given ethanolic extract of Gymnema sylvestre at a rate of 400mg/kg body weight daily for 15 days. After the administration of ethanolic extract of Gymnema sylvestre, the animal was held in the wooden holder and 2 ml of the blood was obtained from the juglar vein with the help of syringe and serum glucose level and different biochemical parameters of lipid profile were estimated with the help of a UV-spectrophotometer. The samples were collected at 0, 5, 10 and 15 days. On the basis of results it was concluded that ethanolic extract of Gymnema sylvestre has a significant hypoglycemic effect in diabetic rabbits and their effect was comparable to that of gilbenclamide. Therefore, this medicinal plant is considered to be effective and alternative treatment for diabetes. Ethanolic extract of Gymnema sylvestre also has a significant antihyperlipidemic effect.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1041,T] (1).
62.
Evaluation Of Antibacterial Combination Therapy Against Field Isolates Of Various Bacteria
by Sadia Arshad Rana | Dr.Muhammad Ovais Omer | Dr.Jawaria Ali | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2008Dissertation note: This study was designed to find out the susceptibility of various selected antibacterial combinations (Colistin and Tylosine; Lincomycin and Spectinomycin; Amoxycillin and Cloxacillin) against field isolates of Gram positive (Staphiococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp.) and Gram negative (Salmonella and E.coli) pathogens in vitro from poultry. All the used antibacterials were in salt form so were soluble in water for injection. Bacterial pathogens were dollected from field source and were transported to laboratory where those were isolated, identified and characterized by slide method and biochemical teclmiqiies. Bacterial activity_was determined by calculating the Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) of all the antibacterials alone as well as in combination in their respective groups by tube dilutin method. The lowest concentration (highest dilution) of antibiotic alone or in combination, preventing appearance of turbidity is considered as to be the MIC. Results were computed statistically and analyzed.
Colistin and Ty!Qsin did not exhibit significant results against all selected bacterial isolates although showed efficacy against Gram negative and gram positive isolates respectively. Lincomycin and Spectinomycin attributed considerable activity in combination as compared to the alone agent against almost all isolates. Amoxycillin and Cloxacillin in combination exerted significant results against Gram positive bacteria than alone as compared to Gram negative pathogens.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1043,T] (1).
63.
Effetct Of Two-Stroke Auyo Rikshaw Smoke Solution On Angiogenesis And Embryonic Movements Using Chicken
by Khaleeq Anwar | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Dr.Sheryar Afzal | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Sarwar.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2008Dissertation note: Auto rickshaw is a two-stroke vehicle widely used in South Asia for transportation. They emit 20-50% of their fuel unburned in the exhaust comprising a wide range of pollutants from simple to carcinogenic These pollutants of exhaust may have adverse effects on embryogenesis and angiogenesis. The current study was undertaken to assess the level of risk offered to pregnant women traveling and breathing in the environment condensed with emissions from auto rickshaws and to predict the possible teratological deformities and antiangiogenic effects followed by exposure to polluted air.
Smoke of auto rickshaw was taken in polythene bags containing distilled water and filtered. Filtered solution was used for experimental analysis. Fresh fertilized eggs were taken and incubated in incubator at 37C° and at 70-80% humidity. At day 4 of incubation 4-5 ml albumin was removed and a window was prepared. At day 6 of incubation, 200tl of samples was applied to the developing CAM, which was histological evaluated for any interim change in the process of angiogenesis. Similarly, for embryonic movements, eggs were incubated at 37C° and at 70-80% humidity. At day 5, 3-4m1 albumin was removed to visualize embryo. Egg was placed in incubator fitted with digital camera a video of embryonic movements was recorded for 1 hr. At 15 mm of recording, 200 ul of sample solution was applied on developing embryo and deviation in embryonic movements was recorded.
All above observation did undermine different toxicological activities of autorickshaw smoke solution on embryogenesis and angiogenesis.
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64.
Effect Of Total Particulate Matter From Commercial Cigrettes On Wound Healing In Mice
by Sidra Abdil Rahman | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Dr.Sheryar Afzal | Prof.Dr.Zafar Iqbal Ch.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2009Dissertation note: ACigarette smoking is considered as the most important cause of death in developed countries. Wound healing in the skin is a multifarious orchestration of cellular processes and cigarette smoking may grounds for delayed wound healing. The aim of this study was to investigate, the plausible association between exposures of cigarette total particulate matter (TPM) on wound healing. The invivo mice model of wound healing was customized for determinenation of assorted events of wound healing. A total of 49 adult mice separated in seven groups and kept under standard conditions of ventilation and temperature. Four brands of commercially available cigarette were selected for the current study. All the treated animals were exposed to TPM ointment for 12 days. A highly considerable diminution in wound closure was pragmatic among all TPM treated groups from day 6 to day 8 post-wounding. Histological investigations unveiled a noteworthy impede in the outcome of re-epithelialization, dermal matrix regeneration and maturation of collagen bundles among all TPM-exposed wounds. Delayed commencement of neovascularization was pragmatic among TPM treated groups, at day 12 post wounding. Quantification was done with the help of scan probing image processing software and image processing system. Abbot curve, angular spectrum and different other parameters of 3D surface behavior of wounds revealed a very highly significant reduction in angiogenesis at day 6 and day 8 post-wounding, which points that application of TPM instigate extensive delay in trigging the progression of angiogenesis, resulting delayed onset of wound healing. These annotations validate the damaging effects of TPM on the healing of wounds and excessive use of TPM may lead to the production of chronic wounds and oral ulcers.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1071,T] (1).
65.
Pharmacokinetics Of Meloxicam In Different Species
by Khawaja Tahir Mahmood (2003-VA-207) | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Dr. Mansoor Ud Din Ahmad | Dr. Makhdoom Abdul Jabbar.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2009Dissertation note: Meloxicam is a non-steroidal anti inflammatory drug. It has been registered in Pakistan as a safe substitute of diclofenac sodium which was banned for veterinary use due to its relay toxicity associated with the catastrophic decline in vulture population of the subcontinent.
Marked inter-species differences in the pharmacokinetics of NSAIDs have been reported and pharmacokinetic data cannot be extrapolated from one to another species.
The project was designed to study the pharmacokinetic parameters of meloxicam in domestic animals under local conditions. The study was completed in two phases. A simple, precise and accurate HPLC analytical methods for measurement of meloxicam in biological fluids was standardized and validated in phase-I. The pharmacokinetic parameters and absolute bioavailability of meloxicam in dogs were investigated in phase-I whereas pharmacokinetic parameters of meloxicam were characterized in the horses, donkeys, buffalo, and goats in phase-Il.
Eight healthy animals of each species (dogs, horses, donkeys, buffalos and goats) were used for this project. The dose for these animals was chosen from literature in order to achieve plasma concentrations of meloxicam that were likely to have an effect against inflammation.
The samples of blood were drawn as per protocol before and after medication at various time intervals. The separated plasma was stored at -20 °C till analyzed.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1073,T] (1).
66.
Effect Of Two-Stroke Auto Rickshaw Smoke Solution On Wound Healing In Mice
by Aqeela Iqbal | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Dr.Muhammad Ovais Omer | Prof.Dr.Zafar.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2009Dissertation note: The use of 3-wheel auto-rickshaws powered by a 2-stroke engine is widespread in south Asia; exhaust from these vehicles may cause different types of toxicities resulting in different pathologies. The aim of this study was to explore the association between exposure to 2-stroke auto-rickshaw smoke solution (2SARSS) and wound healing. The in vivo model of wound healing was customized to evaluate different stages of wound healing. A total of 56 mice were used of aged 4-5 weeks. After anesthetizing and hair removing from dorsum side of mice a wound of 3mm diameter was generated with the help of a sterile wound puncture. Smoke was collected in the lOOml distilled water from six 2-stroke rickshaws and then these solutions were filtered by syringe filters. 10% ointment of all the samples was prepared in Petroleum Jelly and applied to the experimental group, petroleum jelly to positive control group, no treatment was applied to negative control. Macroscopic evaluation was done by using high resolution camera photographs and measurement of wound by vernier caliper on alternate days. At the end of the study (day 12) histological evaluation was done when the control group wounds were healed. Histological examination revealed a significant delay in the outcome of re-epithelialization, dermal matrix regeneration, and maturation of collagen bundles among all 2SARSS-exposed wounds. Delayed activation of neovascularization was seen in the 2SARSS-treated groups at day 12 post-wounding. The Abbot curve, angular spectrum, and several other 3D surface parameters of reverse wound topographies revealed a highly significant reduction (p<O.OOl) in angiogenesis. These results demonstrate that application of 2SARSS causes a substantial delay in the progression of angiogenesis, resulting in delayed onset of wound healing. These observations validate the damaging effects of 2SARSS on wound healing. Thus, people who are directly or indirectly exposed to this toxic exhaust are expected to have delayed wound healing, which could result in chronic wounds.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1083,T] (1).
67.
Designing A Lead (Drug)Molecule To Block The Dna Binding Site Of Cancer-Causing E2F3 Transcription Factor
by Muzammal Hussain | Dr.Aqeel Javeed | Dr.Muhammad | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2009Dissertation note: As transcriptional factors are the current area of concern in novel anticancer drug designing, this study was designed to develop a suitable drug (lead) molecule to block the DNA-binding site of cancer-causing E2F3 transcription factor (overexpressed in prostate, lung, bladder cancers) by using computer-aided drug design approach and implementing homology modeling, molecular docking and virtual high-throughput screening techniques. A reasonable 3-dimensional structure model of E2F3 transcription factor was generated by following homology modeling technique and using SWISS-MODEL server. The stereochemical evaluation of the generated model was carried out by using the program PROCHECK. The active site residues of the DNA-binding domain that make critical contacts within the major groove of DNA were determined by analyzing the crystal structure of the template (E2F4). Then, by using this structure model a chemical database (containing 3D structures of available chemical compounds) ZINC was virtually screened: only those molecules having molecular weight between 300 to 350, neutral charge, hydrogen bond donors 0/1, hydrogen bond acceptors 3/5, rotatable bonds 2/7 and a value of xLogP between -2 and 4, were taken into account. The compounds yielded by this database filtration step were then subjected to 10 run docking studies with the program AutoDock 4.02 to search for the suitable hits. This step resulted in 31 hits. From
these hits the compounds with binding energy lower than -3.5 Kcal/mol and showing maximum hydrogen bonding interaction with active site were further selected. This step returned 6 compounds which were further evaluated by giving 30 runs of docking in the sense to improve the interaction with the active site residues (hydrogen bonding) and binding energy. 3 compounds with binding energy less than - 4.0 Kcal/mol were further subjected to visual inspection in order to evaluate their binding poses at the active site. One was eliminated and the remaining two were further subject to 50 docking runs see any improvement in ener4gy. One of the them showed a little improvement in biding energy, however, both were suggested as suitable ,leads, as the difference in their binding energies was very small and both were making equal number of hydrogen bonds with the DNA binding site of target F2F3
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1100,T] (1).
68.
Comparative Efficacy Of Various Antiviral Agents Against Newcastle Disease Virus
by Shahzada Khurram Syed | Dr.Muhammad Ovais Omer | Dr.Aftab | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: In this project, 120 embryonated broiler chicken eggs of 9th days were obtained from Hi-tech laboratories Pvt Ltd and were placed in WTO quality control laboratory. Eggs were candled for separation of live embryos. For each drug to be tested, embryonated eggs were divided in 8 groups and marked them with lead pencil.
Eggs were disinfected with 70% ethanol. The New castle disease was virus obtained from Department of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore. Virus was identified by haemagglutination inhibition test. To prepare inoculums, stored virus was admixed at room temperature with antibiotics. Each embryonated eggs were inoculated with 0.1 ml of inoculum with the lml of BD syringes.
Eggs were incubated for 72 hours with frequent candling after every 24 hours. After, 72 hours of post inoculation, all live and dead embryos in eggs were kept in refrigerator at 4°C to 8°C. After, 72 hours antiviral groups were checked for the replication of ND virus by means of spot haemagglutination test. Drug's toxicity was checked for the viability of embryo by candling.
Three different concentrations of plant extracts of garlic, glycyrriza and ribavirin in normal saline were evaluated for' their antiviral activity and toxicity in embryonated eggs. Three concentrations for glycyrrhiza 1 5mg/iOOml, 30mg/i OOml and 60mg/i OOml were used. l5mg/lOOmi was neither toxic nor against virus. 6Omg/lOOmi was toxic and killed the embryos. Only 3Omg/lOOmi was antiviral as well as non-toxic.
Three different of concentrations of garlic were lgm/lOOmi, 5gm/lOOmi and 10gm/lOOm!. lgm/lOOmi was not having antiviral activity and it did not stop virus replication. 5gm/lOOmi and lOgm/lOOmi stopped virus replication and also non-toxic.
Three different concentrations 5ig/m1, lOtg/ml, 2Oig/ml of ribavirin were used. The first concentration was not having toxicity and antiviral activity. Second concentration was antiviral as well as non-toxic. Third concentration was toxic and killed the embryos.
This project was designed to investigate the efficacy of ribavirin and plant extracts (garlic and glycyrrhiza) against new castle disease virus and to reduce the cost of antiviral medicines and to explore flora of Pakistan.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1104,T] (1).
69.
Toxicological Effects Of Cigarette Smoke Condensate And Total Particulate Matter From Commercial Cigarettes On Angiogenesis
by Insan-ud-Din | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Dr.Aqeel Javed | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Srawar.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2009Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1037,T] (1).
70.
Effect On Lansoprazole On Antibacterial Activity Of Clarithromycin And Tetracyclin
by Samreen Faisal | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Dr.Aqeel Javeed | Dr.Sualeha Riffat.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: The study was designed to evaluate the effect of antibacterial drugs in the presence of lansoprazole (proton pump inhibitor) to determine the inhibition of bacterial efflux pumps. Resistance through efflux pump is one of the major mechanisms of resistance in bacteria. Bacillus ,subtilis, Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli were isolated from clinical specimen and identified by using different microbiological techniques. Bacteria were inoculated separately in nutrient agar and their susceptibility for tetracycline and clarithromycin were checked by using Kirby baur disk diffusion method and the diameter of inhibitory zones (DIZ) was measured and analyzed by Unianova. The media were inoculated with three different concentrations of lansoprazole 1X, 2X and 3X separately and the same experiments were performed with each of the lansoprazole concentrations. The experiment was performed in five replicates. The diameter of inhibitory zone of tetracycline and clarithromycin in the presence of lansoprazole was measured in millimeters with the help of a scale and compared with the previously measured diameter of inhibitory zone of bacteria in absence of lansoprazole. Results of study showed that with increasing concentration of lansoprazole diameter of zone of inhibition of antibacterial drugs increases. The data suggest that the lansoprazole dose dependently increased the zone of inhibition of antibacterial drugs in the three test organisms used in study.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1091,T] (1).
71.
Potentiation Of Fluoroquinolones By The Use Of Promethazine As Efflux Pump Inhibitor
by Rabia Altaf | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Dr.Sheryar Afzal | Prof.Dr.Khushi Muhammad.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2009Dissertation note: This study was conducted to demonstrate the potentiating effect of promethazine, an efflux pump inhibitor, on the sensitivity of Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli against fluoroquinolones. The bacteria were isolated from the field and were identified by using different microbiological techniques. The sensitivity of these bacteria was tested against four Fuoroquinolones i.e. ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, norfioxacin and pefloxacin by using Kirby Bauer method. Diameters of inhibitory zones were measured in millimeters and all the tests were performed in five replicates. The same experiment was revised with the addition of Promethazine in concentrations of 64.tgIml, 128j.tg/ml, 192J1g1m1 and 256.tg/ml to the Petri plates separately. Diameters of inhibitory zones were measured and were compared with the negative control. The diameters of inhibitory zones of Staphylococcus aureus against ciprofloxacin(5 tg), levofloxacin(5 .tg), norfloxacin( 1 Oj.tg) and pefloxacin(5 .tg) alone were 14.6 mm, 20.4mm, 11.2 mm and 13.2mm but in the presence of promethazine in 256ig/ml concentration, the zones were 47.6mm, 39mm, 42.2mm, 35.8mm respectively. The diameters of inhibitory zones of Streptococcus pyogenes against ciprofloxacin(5 j.ig), levofloxacin(5 jig), norfloxacin( 1 Ojig) and pefloxacin(5 jig) alone were 22.4mm, 20.6mm, 15.0mm and 16.8mm but in the presence of promethazine (256j.tg/ml) the diameter of inhibitory zones were 40mm, 41mm, 37.8mm, 41.4mm respectively. The diameters of inhibitory zones of Escherichia coil against ciprofloxacin(5 jig), levofloxacin(5 jig), norfloxacin(lOjig) and pefloxacin(5 jig) alone were 23.2mm, 19.6mm, 20mm and 17mm but in the presence of Promethazine (256gig/ml) the zones were 42mm, 39mm, 43mm, 35mm respectively.
The increase in the diameter of inhibitory zones of bacteria against fluoroquinolones measured first in the absence and then in the presence of promethazine was found to be significant with P value less than 0.05. the results also demonstrated that this increase in the diameter of inhibitory zones was related to the increasing dose of promethazine, indicating that the increase in the susceptibility of bacteria for fluoroquinolones was a result of inhihition of bacterial efflux pumps by promethazine.
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72.
Evaluation Of The Antidiabetic And Antilipidemic Efffects Of Metformin Alone And In Combination With Ascorbic Acid
by Ansa Taskeen | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Dr. Habib ur | Dr. Muhammad Ovais Omer.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: A randomized prospective study was coducted to evaluate the antidiabetic and antilipidemic actions of metformin alone and in combination with ascorbic acid. Human subjects (n 90) comprising of thirty healthy and sixty diabetic patient (NIDDM) were included in the study. These diabetic patients presented to Diabetic Clinic, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore receiving oral anti diabetic medicine (Metformin) for more than six months were considered for the study taking into consideration the exclusion and inclusion criteria. The selected human subjects were randomly divided: Group A comprised of thirty diabetic patients (NIDDM) on metformin alone, group B is group comprised of thirty diabetic patients (NIDDM) on metformin- ascorbic acid and group-C comprised of thirty apparently healthy subjects having no significant health problem.
The blood samples were drawn, transferred into clot activator vacuum tubes and centrifuged for 3 minutes to separate the serum. The samples were drawn at pretreatment, two, four and six weeks of treatment. Blood sugar level (fasting), lipid profile (fasting) including serum cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein were studied using commercial kits with the help of a semiautomatic Chemistry Analyser (Humalyser 3500, Human mc, USA) to evaluate the effects of metformin alone and in combination with ascorbic acid
Data was analyzed using ANOVA with the help of SPSS program. The results indicate the significant effect of ascorbic acid given to NIDDM patients on lowering of blood sugar level, serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides and serum low density lipoproteins. The NIDDM patients on metformin alone has higher mean level of blood glucose, serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides and serum low density lipoproteins as compared to those NIDDM patients on combination therapy of metformin and ascorbic acid. The mean of high density lipoproteins is higher in NIDDM patients being treated with the metformin-ascorbic acid combination therapy as compared to those on metformin alone.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1172,T] (1).
73.
The Effect Of Statin Therapy In Combination With Zinc On Glucose And Lipid Profile Of Type-Ii Diabetic Patients
by Muhammad Omar Khan Lodhi | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Dr. M. Ovais Omer | Prof. Dr. M.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: Diabetes mellitus is a disorder of glucose metabolism characterized by insulin deficiency and peripheral resistance to the action of insulin.Hyperglycemia predisposes to atherosclerosis due to glycosylation of proteins in the vessel wall that results in endothelial dysfunction and hence atherosclerosis.
It was a comparative study conducted on 120 patients,divided into six groups. The basic purpose of this study was to determine the effect of simvastatin and atorvastatin alone or in combination with zinc supplement on overall glycaemic control and mean change in plasma lipids after six weeks of treatment.The patients of group-5 were given only zinc therapy whereas the patients of group-6 were given placebo alone to serve as control group.All the patients were put on metformin 500mg three times daily except Group-6.Periodic assessment were done at 2,4 and 6 weeks to assess over all change in blood glucose,plasma lipids and liver enzymes.
Atorvastatin and Simvastatin showed excellent results in control of lipid profile however Atorvastatin was found to be superior than Simvastatin regarding control of LDH and Triglycerides. Supplementation of Zinc with Statins proved to be a good combination regarding achievement of controlling hyperglycaemia and reduction of lipids. Atorvastatin with Zinc was the only group that showed excellent results as compared to the rest.
Zinc alone showed modest results that shows it acts synergistically with Statins when given as adjucant therapy.
The group which was treated with placebo showed no improvement instead worsening of blood glucose and lipid profile.
The elevation of liver enzymes was slightly higher in subjects who were treated Statins, however the subject who were treated with Atorvastatin showed slightly increase in the liver enzymes as compared to Simvastatin proving that Atorvastatin is more hepatotoxic as compared to Simvastatin.
Zinc alone shown no such derangements in liver enzymes proved that Zinc is not hepatotoxic at all.
The therapeutic efficacies of statins and zinc with high doses as well as their toxicity may be further evaluated by other scientists.
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74.
Effect Of Metronidazole On Lowering Plasma Lipid Levels In Patients With Compelling Indications For Metronidazole
by Sara Munir | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Dr. Aqeel | Dr. Tahir Aziz Mughal.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: This study was designed to assess the lipid lowering effects of metronidazole in patients with compelling indications for metronidazole. The study was carried out on 30 patients with clinical indications for metronidazole e.g. gastroenteritis assessed and prescribed by the physician and voluntarily agreed to participate in this trial. They were 23 males and 7 females between age limit of 23 - 45years. Only those volunteers were selected who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patient meeting the selection criteria were included in the study after obtaining written informed consent. Demographic details (name, age, sex, address, and contact numbers) were obtained. Detailed history was taken and physical examination was done by the physician. Patients were allowed to continue their regular diet. A data collection form was developed to mention the effects of study designed. Patients were counseled by qualified pharmacist for the possible adverse drug effects and the adverse effects were documented. The patients meeting the inclusion criteria were started on metronidazole 1200mg per day in three divided doses for a total of 7 days.
Liver functions tests (LFTs) were performed before and after 7 days treatment at Shaukat Khanum Hospital laboratory. Blood samples for lipid profile were collected at 0 day, 4th day and 7th day treatment and 4th day post treatment. Lipid profile was measured according to enzymatic colorimetric method and compared to the reference ranges in laboratory. The information obtained was recorded in the data collection form and statistics calculated. Determination of lipid concentrations showed that therapy with 1200mg metronidazole per day in three divided doses for 7 days delivered a reproducible reduction of about 9% at 4th day and 15% (p<0.05) after 7 days in mean LDL cholesterol, about 11% (p<0.05) at 4th day and 15% (p=0.003) after 7 days in mean total cholesterol, about 3% at 4th day and 6% (p>0.05) after 7 days in mean HDL cholesterol comparing with pre treatment levels. Mean triglyceride levels showed no significant change (123+44.49mg/dL vs. 120.53+49.20mg/dL) during treatment. LFTs measured before and after treatment showed no significant change indicating lack of hepatic impairment. So while considering metronidazole for short term or long term use in patients with cardiovascular diseases, the plasma lipid levels should be monitored. It was found cost effective, safe and adverse effects experienced by the patients were minimal and resolved as soon as the treatment was stopped. However further studies are needed especially on hyperlipidemic population taking standard therapies to study the adjuvant effect of metronidazole with other hypolipidemic drugs and to answer the question of antibiotic resistance.
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75.
Effect Of Strawberry And Green Tea Extracts Inclusion In Semen Extender On Post -Thawed Semen Quality Of Sahiwal
by Hazrat Ali | Dr.Aqeel javed | Dr.Amjad Riaz | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: Being as the cheapest source of antioxidants, the present study was conducted to elucidate the significance of strawberry and green tea extracts inclusion in cryopreserved Sahiwal bull semen. In this study, semen from sahiwal bulls (n = 3) was collected by artificial vagina and subjected to the different inclusion levels (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%) of strawberry extract. One group (control) received zero inclusion level of strawberry extract. Similarly, semen was also subjected to different inclusion levels (0.25%, and 0.5%) of green tea extract and in the same way, one group (control) received zero inclusion level of green tea extract. Semen was evaluated, diluted, cooled, filled in 0.5ml straws, equilibrated at 4°C for 2 hours and frozen in liquid nitrogen. After storage and transportation to the Theriogenology Laboratory of UVAS Lahore, semen was thawed and evaluated for percentage motility of spermatozoa, plasma membrane integrity (HOS assay) and viability (Live/Dead). Five straws from each strawberry and green tea extracts treatment groups were thawed individually in water bath at 37°C for 30 seconds and evaluated for quality parameters. Data collected was presented as mean ± SE. The treatment groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance. Results of this study revealed that 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion level of green tea are useful for cryopreservation of sahiwal bul semen. In conclusion, 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion levels of green tea extract improved post-thawed semen parameters (motility, viability and plasma membrane integrity), which reflects that strawberry and green tea inclusion in semen extender have a positive effect on semen quality. Being as the cheapest source of antioxidants, the present study was conducted to elucidate the significance of strawberry and green tea extracts inclusion in cryopreserved Sahiwal bull semen. In this study, semen from sahiwal bulls (n = 3) was collected by artificial vagina and subjected to the different inclusion levels (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%) of strawberry extract. One group (control) received zero inclusion level of strawberry extract. Similarly, semen was also subjected to different inclusion levels (0.25%, and 0.5%) of green tea extract and in the same way, one group (control) received zero inclusion level of green tea extract. Semen was evaluated, diluted, cooled, filled in 0.5ml straws, equilibrated at 4°C for 2 hours and frozen in liquid nitrogen. After storage and transportation to the Theriogenology Laboratory of UVAS Lahore, semen was thawed and evaluated for percentage motility of spermatozoa, plasma membrane integrity (HOS assay) and viability (Live/Dead). Five straws from each strawberry and green tea extracts treatment groups were thawed individually in water bath at 37°C for 30 seconds and evaluated for quality parameters. Data collected was presented as mean ± SE. The treatment groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance. Results of this study revealed that 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion level of green tea are useful for cryopreservation of sahiwal bul semen. In conclusion, 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion levels of green tea extract improved post-thawed semen parameters (motility, viability and plasma membrane integrity), which reflects that strawberry and green tea inclusion in semen extender have a positive effect on semen quality. Being as the cheapest source of antioxidants, the present study was conducted to elucidate the significance of strawberry and green tea extracts inclusion in cryopreserved Sahiwal bull semen. In this study, semen from sahiwal bulls (n = 3) was collected by artificial vagina and subjected to the different inclusion levels (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%) of strawberry extract. One group (control) received zero inclusion level of strawberry extract. Similarly, semen was also subjected to different inclusion levels (0.25%, and 0.5%) of green tea extract and in the same way, one group (control) received zero inclusion level of green tea extract. Semen was evaluated, diluted, cooled, filled in 0.5ml straws, equilibrated at 4°C for 2 hours and frozen in liquid nitrogen. After storage and transportation to the Theriogenology Laboratory of UVAS Lahore, semen was thawed and evaluated for percentage motility of spermatozoa, plasma membrane integrity (HOS assay) and viability (Live/Dead). Five straws from each strawberry and green tea extracts treatment groups were thawed individually in water bath at 37°C for 30 seconds and evaluated for quality parameters. Data collected was presented as mean ± SE. The treatment groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance. Results of this study revealed that 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion level of green tea are useful for cryopreservation of sahiwal bul semen. In conclusion, 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion levels of green tea extract improved post-thawed semen parameters (motility, viability and plasma membrane integrity), which reflects that strawberry and green tea inclusion in semen extender have a positive effect on semen quality. Being as the cheapest source of antioxidants, the present study was conducted to elucidate the significance of strawberry and green tea extracts inclusion in cryopreserved Sahiwal bull semen. In this study, semen from sahiwal bulls (n = 3) was collected by artificial vagina and subjected to the different inclusion levels (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%) of strawberry extract. One group (control) received zero inclusion level of strawberry extract. Similarly, semen was also subjected to different inclusion levels (0.25%, and 0.5%) of green tea extract and in the same way, one group (control) received zero inclusion level of green tea extract. Semen was evaluated, diluted, cooled, filled in 0.5ml straws, equilibrated at 4°C for 2 hours and frozen in liquid nitrogen. After storage and transportation to the Theriogenology Laboratory of UVAS Lahore, semen was thawed and evaluated for percentage motility of spermatozoa, plasma membrane integrity (HOS assay) and viability (Live/Dead). Five straws from each strawberry and green tea extracts treatment groups were thawed individually in water bath at 37°C for 30 seconds and evaluated for quality parameters. Data collected was presented as mean ± SE. The treatment groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance. Results of this study revealed that 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion level of green tea are useful for cryopreservation of sahiwal bul semen. In conclusion, 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion levels of green tea extract improved post-thawed semen parameters (motility, viability and plasma membrane integrity), which reflects that strawberry and green tea inclusion in semen extender have a positive effect on semen quality. Being as the cheapest source of antioxidants, the present study was conducted to elucidate the significance of strawberry and green tea extracts inclusion in cryopreserved Sahiwal bull semen. In this study, semen from sahiwal bulls (n = 3) was collected by artificial vagina and subjected to the different inclusion levels (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%) of strawberry extract. One group (control) received zero inclusion level of strawberry extract. Similarly, semen was also subjected to different inclusion levels (0.25%, and 0.5%) of green tea extract and in the same way, one group (control) received zero inclusion level of green tea extract. Semen was evaluated, diluted, cooled, filled in 0.5ml straws, equilibrated at 4°C for 2 hours and frozen in liquid nitrogen. After storage and transportation to the Theriogenology Laboratory of UVAS Lahore, semen was thawed and evaluated for percentage motility of spermatozoa, plasma membrane integrity (HOS assay) and viability (Live/Dead). Five straws from each strawberry and green tea extracts treatment groups were thawed individually in water bath at 37°C for 30 seconds and evaluated for quality parameters. Data collected was presented as mean ± SE. The treatment groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance. Results of this study revealed that 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion level of green tea are useful for cryopreservation of sahiwal bul semen. In conclusion, 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion levels of green tea extract improved post-thawed semen parameters (motility, viability and plasma membrane integrity), which reflects that strawberry and green tea inclusion in semen extender have a positive effect on semen quality. Being as the cheapest source of antioxidants, the present study was conducted to elucidate the significance of strawberry and green tea extracts inclusion in cryopreserved Sahiwal bull semen. In this study, semen from sahiwal bulls (n = 3) was collected by artificial vagina and subjected to the different inclusion levels (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%) of strawberry extract. One group (control) received zero inclusion level of strawberry extract. Similarly, semen was also subjected to different inclusion levels (0.25%, and 0.5%) of green tea extract and in the same way, one group (control) received zero inclusion level of green tea extract. Semen was evaluated, diluted, cooled, filled in 0.5ml straws, equilibrated at 4°C for 2 hours and frozen in liquid nitrogen. After storage and transportation to the Theriogenology Laboratory of UVAS Lahore, semen was thawed and evaluated for percentage motility of spermatozoa, plasma membrane integrity (HOS assay) and viability (Live/Dead). Five straws from each strawberry and green tea extracts treatment groups were thawed individually in water bath at 37°C for 30 seconds and evaluated for quality parameters. Data collected was presented as mean ± SE. The treatment groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance. Results of this study revealed that 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion level of green tea are useful for cryopreservation of sahiwal bul semen. In conclusion, 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion levels of green tea extract improved post-thawed semen parameters (motility, viability and plasma membrane integrity), which reflects that strawberry and green tea inclusion in semen extender have a positive effect on semen quality. Being as the cheapest source of antioxidants, the present study was conducted to elucidate the significance of strawberry and green tea extracts inclusion in cryopreserved Sahiwal bull semen. In this study, semen from sahiwal bulls (n = 3) was collected by artificial vagina and subjected to the different inclusion levels (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%) of strawberry extract. One group (control) received zero inclusion level of strawberry extract. Similarly, semen was also subjected to different inclusion levels (0.25%, and 0.5%) of green tea extract and in the same way, one group (control) received zero inclusion level of green tea extract. Semen was evaluated, diluted, cooled, filled in 0.5ml straws, equilibrated at 4°C for 2 hours and frozen in liquid nitrogen. After storage and transportation to the Theriogenology Laboratory of UVAS Lahore, semen was thawed and evaluated for percentage motility of spermatozoa, plasma membrane integrity (HOS assay) and viability (Live/Dead). Five straws from each strawberry and green tea extracts treatment groups were thawed individually in water bath at 37°C for 30 seconds and evaluated for quality parameters. Data collected was presented as mean ± SE. The treatment groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance. Results of this study revealed that 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion level of green tea are useful for cryopreservation of sahiwal bul semen. In conclusion, 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion levels of green tea extract improved post-thawed semen parameters (motility, viability and plasma membrane integrity), which reflects that strawberry and green tea inclusion in semen extender have a positive effect on semen quality. Being as the cheapest source of antioxidants, the present study was conducted to elucidate the significance of strawberry and green tea extracts inclusion in cryopreserved Sahiwal bull semen. In this study, semen from sahiwal bulls (n = 3) was collected by artificial vagina and subjected to the different inclusion levels (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%) of strawberry extract. One group (control) received zero inclusion level of strawberry extract. Similarly, semen was also subjected to different inclusion levels (0.25%, and 0.5%) of green tea extract and in the same way, one group (control) received zero inclusion level of green tea extract. Semen was evaluated, diluted, cooled, filled in 0.5ml straws, equilibrated at 4°C for 2 hours and frozen in liquid nitrogen. After storage and transportation to the Theriogenology Laboratory of UVAS Lahore, semen was thawed and evaluated for percentage motility of spermatozoa, plasma membrane integrity (HOS assay) and viability (Live/Dead). Five straws from each strawberry and green tea extracts treatment groups were thawed individually in water bath at 37°C for 30 seconds and evaluated for quality parameters. Data collected was presented as mean ± SE. The treatment groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance. Results of this study revealed that 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion level of green tea are useful for cryopreservation of sahiwal bul semen. In conclusion, 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion levels of green tea extract improved post-thawed semen parameters (motility, viability and plasma membrane integrity), which reflects that strawberry and green tea inclusion in semen extender have a positive effect on semen quality. Being as the cheapest source of antioxidants, the present study was conducted to elucidate the significance of strawberry and green tea extracts inclusion in cryopreserved Sahiwal bull semen. In this study, semen from sahiwal bulls (n = 3) was collected by artificial vagina and subjected to the different inclusion levels (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%) of strawberry extract. One group (control) received zero inclusion level of strawberry extract. Similarly, semen was also subjected to different inclusion levels (0.25%, and 0.5%) of green tea extract and in the same way, one group (control) received zero inclusion level of green tea extract. Semen was evaluated, diluted, cooled, filled in 0.5ml straws, equilibrated at 4°C for 2 hours and frozen in liquid nitrogen. After storage and transportation to the Theriogenology Laboratory of UVAS Lahore, semen was thawed and evaluated for percentage motility of spermatozoa, plasma membrane integrity (HOS assay) and viability (Live/Dead). Five straws from each strawberry and green tea extracts treatment groups were thawed individually in water bath at 37°C for 30 seconds and evaluated for quality parameters. Data collected was presented as mean ± SE. The treatment groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance. Results of this study revealed that 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion level of green tea are useful for cryopreservation of sahiwal bul semen. In conclusion, 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion levels of green tea extract improved post-thawed semen parameters (motility, viability and plasma membrane integrity), which reflects that strawberry and green tea inclusion in semen extender have a positive effect on semen quality. Being as the cheapest source of antioxidants, the present study was conducted to elucidate the significance of strawberry and green tea extracts inclusion in cryopreserved Sahiwal bull semen. In this study, semen from sahiwal bulls (n = 3) was collected by artificial vagina and subjected to the different inclusion levels (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%) of strawberry extract. One group (control) received zero inclusion level of strawberry extract. Similarly, semen was also subjected to different inclusion levels (0.25%, and 0.5%) of green tea extract and in the same way, one group (control) received zero inclusion level of green tea extract. Semen was evaluated, diluted, cooled, filled in 0.5ml straws, equilibrated at 4°C for 2 hours and frozen in liquid nitrogen. After storage and transportation to the Theriogenology Laboratory of UVAS Lahore, semen was thawed and evaluated for percentage motility of spermatozoa, plasma membrane integrity (HOS assay) and viability (Live/Dead). Five straws from each strawberry and green tea extracts treatment groups were thawed individually in water bath at 37°C for 30 seconds and evaluated for quality parameters. Data collected was presented as mean ± SE. The treatment groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance. Results of this study revealed that 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion level of green tea are useful for cryopreservation of sahiwal bul semen. In conclusion, 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion levels of green tea extract improved post-thawed semen parameters (motility, viability and plasma membrane integrity), which reflects that strawberry and green tea inclusion in semen extender have a positive effect on semen quality. Being as the cheapest source of antioxidants, the present study was conducted to elucidate the significance of strawberry and green tea extracts inclusion in cryopreserved Sahiwal bull semen. In this study, semen from sahiwal bulls (n = 3) was collected by artificial vagina and subjected to the different inclusion levels (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%) of strawberry extract. One group (control) received zero inclusion level of strawberry extract. Similarly, semen was also subjected to different inclusion levels (0.25%, and 0.5%) of green tea extract and in the same way, one group (control) received zero inclusion level of green tea extract. Semen was evaluated, diluted, cooled, filled in 0.5ml straws, equilibrated at 4°C for 2 hours and frozen in liquid nitrogen. After storage and transportation to the Theriogenology Laboratory of UVAS Lahore, semen was thawed and evaluated for percentage motility of spermatozoa, plasma membrane integrity (HOS assay) and viability (Live/Dead). Five straws from each strawberry and green tea extracts treatment groups were thawed individually in water bath at 37°C for 30 seconds and evaluated for quality parameters. Data collected was presented as mean ± SE. The treatment groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance. Results of this study revealed that 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion level of green tea are useful for cryopreservation of sahiwal bul semen. In conclusion, 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion levels of green tea extract improved post-thawed semen parameters (motility, viability and plasma membrane integrity), which reflects that strawberry and green tea inclusion in semen extender have a positive effect on semen quality. Being as the cheapest source of antioxidants, the present study was conducted to elucidate the significance of strawberry and green tea extracts inclusion in cryopreserved Sahiwal bull semen. In this study, semen from sahiwal bulls (n = 3) was collected by artificial vagina and subjected to the different inclusion levels (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%) of strawberry extract. One group (control) received zero inclusion level of strawberry extract. Similarly, semen was also subjected to different inclusion levels (0.25%, and 0.5%) of green tea extract and in the same way, one group (control) received zero inclusion level of green tea extract. Semen was evaluated, diluted, cooled, filled in 0.5ml straws, equilibrated at 4°C for 2 hours and frozen in liquid nitrogen. After storage and transportation to the Theriogenology Laboratory of UVAS Lahore, semen was thawed and evaluated for percentage motility of spermatozoa, plasma membrane integrity (HOS assay) and viability (Live/Dead). Five straws from each strawberry and green tea extracts treatment groups were thawed individually in water bath at 37°C for 30 seconds and evaluated for quality parameters. Data collected was presented as mean ± SE. The treatment groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance. Results of this study revealed that 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion level of green tea are useful for cryopreservation of sahiwal bul semen. In conclusion, 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion levels of green tea extract improved post-thawed semen parameters (motility, viability and plasma membrane integrity), which reflects that strawberry and green tea inclusion in semen extender have a positive effect on semen quality. Being as the cheapest source of antioxidants, the present study was conducted to elucidate the significance of strawberry and green tea extracts inclusion in cryopreserved Sahiwal bull semen. In this study, semen from sahiwal bulls (n = 3) was collected by artificial vagina and subjected to the different inclusion levels (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%) of strawberry extract. One group (control) received zero inclusion level of strawberry extract. Similarly, semen was also subjected to different inclusion levels (0.25%, and 0.5%) of green tea extract and in the same way, one group (control) received zero inclusion level of green tea extract. Semen was evaluated, diluted, cooled, filled in 0.5ml straws, equilibrated at 4°C for 2 hours and frozen in liquid nitrogen. After storage and transportation to the Theriogenology Laboratory of UVAS Lahore, semen was thawed and evaluated for percentage motility of spermatozoa, plasma membrane integrity (HOS assay) and viability (Live/Dead). Five straws from each strawberry and green tea extracts treatment groups were thawed individually in water bath at 37°C for 30 seconds and evaluated for quality parameters. Data collected was presented as mean ± SE. The treatment groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance. Results of this study revealed that 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion level of green tea are useful for cryopreservation of sahiwal bul semen. In conclusion, 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion levels of green tea extract improved post-thawed semen parameters (motility, viability and plasma membrane integrity), which reflects that strawberry and green tea inclusion in semen extender have a positive effect on semen quality.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1241,T] (1).
76.
Chemical Equivalence Of Different Brands Of Amoxicillin Trihydrate And Its Minimum Inhibitory Concentration
by Rana Adnan Ali | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Dr aftab Ahmad | Dr.Muhammad Adil Rasheed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: This project was designed to study the chemical equivalence of different brands of amoxicillin trihydrate (long acting and short acting) approved by the ministry of health and available in the market for veterinary use. Amoxicillin was measured by HPLC method developed and standardized in the laboratory. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of the amoxicillin trihydrate was determined. Solutions of different concentrations were prepared from amoxicillin trihydrate reference standard for the determination of LOD. and were protected from light and stored at 2-8 oC until used. The LOD calculated by us was 0.100 (µg / ml) and LOQ was 0.5 (µg / ml). Correlation Coefficient should be ? 0.99 and the result obtained by the data was 0.99984050. Chemical equivalence of all brands was determined by using HPLC systems (Shimadzu & Agilent). Concentrations for reference standard (50, 25 and 10 ?g /ml ) and for each brand (Alomox LA, Amovet LA, Farmox LA, Novamox LA, Trioxyl LA, Amoxi-vet, Colimox, and Colimoxin) were used. All the results obtained showed that maximum percentage of assay obtained among long acting was of the brand Farmox LA (101 %) and in case of short acting was of Amoxi-vet (101%). Minimum percentage of assay among long acting was of brand Amovet LA (92 %) and in case of short acting was of Colimox (96%). MIC of amoxicillin against E.coli and Staphylococcus was determined by micro broth dilution test. According to our results 73.33 % E.coli were susceptible and 26.67% were resistant to the amoxicillin trihydrate. Our results showed that 86.67% Staphylococcus were susceptible and 13.33% were resistant to Amoxicillin Trihydrate (Reference Standard). It showed that this antibiotic is still very effective against the diseases produced by the Escherichia.coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1249,T] (1).
77.
Effect Of Diclofenac Sodium On Angiogenesis Using Chorio Allantoic Membrance (Cam) Assay
by Iradat hussain | Dr.Muhammad Ovais Omer | Prof.Dr.Habib | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: Angiogenesis, the growth of new capillary blood vessels in the body, has much more importance in healing and reproduction. The body controls angiogenesis as there is a natural balance between growth and inhibitory factors in healthy tissues.
When this balance is disturbed, the result is either too much or too little angiogenesis. Abnormal blood vessel growth, either excessive or insufficient, is now recognized as a "common denominator" underlying many deadly and debilitating conditions, including cancer, skin diseases, age-related blindness, diabetic ulcers, cardiovascular disease, stroke, and many others.
Treating angiogenesis with anti-angiogenic compounds results in safe and effective anti-angiogenic therapies. In current experiment, focus was on the effect of Diclofenac sodium on angiogenesis using chicken chorio-allantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Fresh fertilized eggs were taken, sprayed with 70% ethanol and incubated at 37 °C (humidity 55-60%). At day 5 of incubation a small window was made on each egg, 4-5 ml of albumin was aspirated, windows were sealed with sterile Para-film and eggs were returned to incubator. Concentrations i.e. 0.7%, 0.5%, 0.3% were prepared in distilled water. Filtered concentrations of the Diclofenac sodium were used for experimental analysis and applied to the CAMs on day 7 of incubation. Macroscopic vascular changes were evidently observed among all treated CAMs on day 6 of incubation. There was reduction in total area and diameter of primary, secondary and tertiary blood vessels was observed after treating CAMs with Diclofenac sodium. By using SPIP (Scanning probe image processor) software, 3D surface roughness measurements, Sa (surface area ), Sq (root mean square), Ssk (surface deviation), Sku (peakedness), Sdr (ratio of increment of interfacial area of a surface over sampling area), Sci (ratio of void volume of the unit sampling area at core zone over root mean square deviation ), Sy (lowest valley), Sz (average absolute height), Ssc (arithmetic mean submit), Sdq (root mean square sloop), Spk (reduce summit height), Sku (kurtosis of surface) , Stdi (texture index), Sk (core roughness depth) were carried out which clearly elaborated anti-angiogenic effect of Diclofenac sodium on CAMs. Diclofenac sodium inhibits angiogenesis, which is a common denominator shared by various major disease.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1250,T] (1).
78.
Dysmorphogeneis And Ocular Anomalies Associated With Toxic Exposure To Cigarette Somoke Condensate Total Particulate Matter and Auto-Rickshaw Smoke Solutions
by Muhammad Adil | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Dr. Aqeel Javeed | Mr.Muhammad.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: Cigarette smoke and auto-rickshaw smoke constitute perilous threats to the public health in urban regions of the world. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of Cigarette smoke and auto-rickshaw smoke solution on morphometric and ocular development of embryo using chicken embryo assay. Fertile White Leghorn chicken eggs at day 6 of incubation were aseptically windowed using a sterile 26-guage needle. Different cigarette smoke condensates (CSCs) were prepared, using four different commercial filtered cigarettes and later on these CSCs were applied to the main "Y" branch of chorio-allontoic membranes (CAMs). Moreover, cigarette total particulate matter (TPM) from the Cambridge filters was extracted in 10 ml dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and 200µl of this solution was applied to embryos. A double barrel plastic bottle attached with a polythene bag containing 100 ml of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was used to collect exhaust samples from two stroke and four stroke auto-rickshaws. Subsequently, 200?l of each solution was applied to the embryos. On day 7 of incubation, the embryos were examined for morphological defects. Eyeballs were carefully removed, fixed in Formalin and processed for histological examination. Histological sections were digitized with a spot camera for precise interpretation of any subtle changes in ocular development. The data was presented as mean ± SD. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to evaluate different parameters between control and treated samples.
Embryonic exposure to TPM resulted in vascular and morphogenetic abnormalities in terms of ectopia cordis, bi-trunked and mammoth headed appearance. Impact of TPM on ocular development was manifested as irregular growth of ganglion cell layer showing marked asymmetry and undifferentiated retinal layers with erratic distribution of plexiform matter.
CSC exposure was associated with stunted embryonic growth. Ocular toxicity profile triggered by CSC exposure comprised of degenerative changes in forebrain and retinal ganglion cell layer in conjunction with influx of inflammatory cells, delayed differentiation of photoreceptor layer, outer limiting membrane and plexiform layers.
Application of FSARSS gave rise to four different types of ectopia cordis among all treated embryos, i.e. incomplete ectopia cordis, complete ectopia cordis, cervico-thoracic ectopia cordis and thoraco-abdominal ectopia cordis. Ocular development was adversely affected leading to varied corneal abnormalities, asymmetrical growth of cuboidal epithelial lens cells and influx of inflammatory cells into the retinal layers.
TSARSS-treated embryos revealed widespread hemorrhages. Deterioration in the normal architecture of lens fiber, loss of retinal integrity and delayed differentiation of retinal layers were common findings among all TSARSS-treated embyoes.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1287,T] (1).
79.
Evaluation Of Antiviral And Cytotoxic Activity Of Medicinal Plants Extracts Against Infectious Bursal Disease Virus
by Waqas Ahmad | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Dr. Aqeel Javeed | Dr. Imran Altaf.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: The antiviral activity of plants Glyceriza glabra Linn. (roots), Phyllanthus emblicus Linn. (Fruit), Eugenia jambolana Lam. (Leaves), and Moringa oleifera Lam. (Leaves) were evaluated against Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) in this study. Ethanolic extraction of these plants was carried out by using Soxhlet apparatus and extracts was dried by using rotary evaporator. Four dilutions of each extracts viz 100, 50, 25 and 12.5?g/ml were made in distilled water. Vero cells were infected by mild strain of IBDV. Dilutions of these extracts were applied in triplicate manner on Vero cells that are confluent in 96 well cell culture plates. Positive control and negative control for antiviral assay were media plus cells and virus plus media respectively in antiviral assay. A cell culture plate was incubated for four days. After this incubation, viability of cells was determined by MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] colorimetric assay. The cytotoxic activity of mentioned plant extracts was carried out by treating the cells with mentioned dilutions used in antiviral assay and incubating the 96 well cell culture plate for 4 days. Viability of cells was determined by MTT colorimetric assay. Positive and negative control for cytotoxic evaluation was cells plus media and cells plus media plus DMSO (10 %) respectively. Endpoint of this assay was measured in terms of cell survival percentage. Results were compared for qualitative variables using Chi-square technique and quantitative variables by linear regression analysis. 100 ug/ml and 50 ug/ml concentrations of Moringa oleifera Lam. showed cell survival percentages of 80% and 75% respectively and all four test dilutions of same plant showed no cytotoxicity for Vero cells. Two concentrations of Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn. 25ug/ml and 12.5ug/ml showed prominent cell survival of 75% and 80% respectively and other two concentrations 100ug/ml and 50ug/ml were found cytotoxic. Only 100ug/ml of Phyllanthus emblicus Linn. has shown cytotoxicity and 50ug/ml and 25ug/ml shown prominent antiviral activity. All concentrations of Eugenia jambolana Lam. were found non cytotoxic and 100ug/ml showed some antiviral potential against Infectious Bursal Disease virus.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1319,T] (1).
80.
Evaluation Of The Effeet Of Different Modalities Of Vitiligo
by Basit Zaheer | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Dr. Aftab | Dr. Aqeel Javeed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: This study was conducted to find out the clinical pattern of Vitiligo in selected patients and to
evaluate and compare the commonly used modalities for its treatment. All the patients with
vitiligo presented to the Department of Dermatology Mayo Hospital, Lahore. A total of seventy
patients were registered and followed-up for four months for repigmentation therapy. The
present study was aimed to uncover the various expressions of melanocyte deficiencies in
vitiligo In our people and to evaluate and compare the commonly used modalities for its
treatment. No such study, comparing the psoralens with topical steroids at the same time was not
done before.
For repigmentation therapy patients were randomly divided into various treatment groups and
me followed for the response for four months. The treatment groups included were PUVA
(Psolarens Ultraviolet A), PUVASOL (Psolarens Ultraviolet from Sunlight), topical PUVA,
Topical PUVASOL, topical steroids, systemic PUVA plus topical steroid and topical PUVA plus
topical steroid. Two new modalities were included to find newer effective ways of treatment and
their possible side effects. Complete repigmentation of the vitiligo without damage to the rest of
the body was the goal of the treatment. Initial approach involved to make a definite diagnosis,
psychological assistance and other supportive interventions such as use of camouflage cosmetics
and sunscreens. The active treatment modalities that could be utilized included the topical use of
potent steroids or photochemotherapy for atleast 2 months followed an assessment for response
measurement. Novel interventions are required to increase patient compliance and a search for
better treatment combinations.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1323,T] (1).
81.
Ealuation Of Empitical Antibiotic Therapy In Intensive Care Unit Patients Treated For Nosocomial Lower Respiratory Tract
by Sarwat Ali Raja | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Dr. Aftab | Dr. Aqeel Javeed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: This study was designed to check the effectiveness of current empirical therapy in the
treatment of a nosocomial lower respiratory tract infection in patients on mechanical ventilation
caIled Ventilator associated pneumonia (YAP). To evaluate the empirical therapy, antibiotic
susceptibility testing and pattern of resistance by YAP isolates in patients suspected to be
suffering from YAP was determined.
This was a prospective study involving 58 patients on mechanical ventilation with suspected
VA.P in a tertiary care hospital. The method involved pathogen identification, Antibiotic
Sensitivity testing, hepatic, renal and hematological profiles and monitoring of Arterial blood
gases of the patient. Pathogens from tracheal aspirates of the patients were subjected to
comrnonly used antibiotics for their antibiograms. The prescribed antibiotics were evaluated by
routine culture/sensitivity testing of tracheal aspirates and each patient was followed up to be
assessed for the treatment progress. Effect of Antibiotic was evaluated for seven days by
recording the parameters of patients such as Temperature of the patient, Pa02, effect on
leukocyte count, and from evaluation of LFTs and RFTs of the patient and the disease status of
the patient. Other outcomes were the mortality in these patients and the impact of inadequate
empirical therapy on patient mortality. Also to study the contribution of various risk factors upon
VAP prognosis.
It was inferred from the study that most of the patients remained febrile. Changes were observed
in the level of liver functional enzymes and less in the values of renal functional tests.
Leucocytes count in most of the patients remained either less than 4000 or greater than I 1000 indicating persistence of infection. High mortality was observed in patients suspected for YAP.
Major factor that caused patients mortality was the treatment failure due to inadequate
amttibiotics. Cross contamination, unhygienic practices by health personnel and lack of adequate
guidelines for antibiotic utilization in the ICU were the important contributors for development
ofVAP and other lower respiratory tract nosocomial infections. Methicillin sensitive
Staphylococcus aureus and E.coli were found to be the most common pathogens involved.
Empirical antibiotic therapy was found inappropriate in 53.4% of cases. It was inferred from the
study that significant results were obtained for correlation of patient's age with treatment
progress. With increase in age chances of treatment failure also increased. The risk factor
showing significant result for increased treatment failure was the prior exposure to antibiotics.
High patient mortality was contributed by increased treatment failure. The two most significant
factors that contributed to treatment failure were either inadequate antim.icrobial therapy or use
of already resistant antibiotics.
It was concluded in the study, there was a high incidence of infection with resistant bacteria and
inappropriate initial antibiotic therapy. Treatment failure due to inadequate antibiotics caused
most mortality. Organ deterioration was also found to contribute to overall mortality in
mechanically ventilated patients.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1324,T] (1).
82.
Comparative Pharmacokinetics Of Silymarin In Healthy Male And Female Volunteers
by Farah Abid | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Dr. Mateen | Dr. Sualeha Riffat.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: The study was designed to compare the pharmacokinetic parameters of Silymarin in 8
healthy male and 8 healthy female volunteers. Only those healthy volunteers were
selected who were of age between 18-45 years, not having any disease. Female's
volunteers were also of age of 18-45 years and also who were not pregnant and also not
suffering from any disease.
Written consent form were taken from the volunteer and they were thoroughly
inform about the study and objectives of study ,frequency of blood sampling, and any
other side effects linked to the drug which they might having during the study.
Volunteers were divided into two groups A and B respectively. Both groups
were given silymarin 200mg dose per oral to each individua1.5ml of blood samples were
drawn after different time interval .5 ,1,2,3,5,8 and 12 hr from the vein through 5ml BD
syringes of 22 gauge needle after oral administration of silymarin.
Plasma were separated by centrifugation at 5000 RPM and stored at -40 C till
analysis. Silymarin concentration in plasma was determined by using HPLC method. All
pharmacokinetics parameter were determined by entering the plasma concentration time
data in software APO pharmacological analysis .Then pharmacological parameters in
healthy male and healthy females were compared. Result showed that pharmacokinetic
parameters are significant & those parameters were AVC, Tmax, t1l2 & CI. This result
showed that there is a significant relationship between healthy male & female.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1329,T] (1).
83.
Sero Epidemiology Transmission Dynamics And Hematological Studies On Neospora Caninum In Dairy Buffaloes
by Amir Nasir | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: The current study was carried out in two districts of the Punjab province (pakistan),
viz. Lahore and Narowallocated;on the eastern part of the province bordering Indian Punjab
::.
and the first study assessing the epidemiology of N caninum in dairy buffalo in Pakistan.
Overall, the true sercprevalence of Neospora caninum in dairy buffalo (assessed by using
cELISA validated for buffalo by using IFAT as reference test) of the two districts was 39.4 %
-
with no significant difference in the prevalence of N caninum antibodies between male
(29.5%) and female (41.5%) dairy buffalo. However, in the Lahore district alone, the
prevalence in the female (46.1 %) buffalo was significantly higher than in their male (23.8%)
counterparts. In contrast, in Narowal district, the prevalence in male (42.4%) buffalo was
higher than females (32.2%) but this difference was not statistically different. The other risk
factors evaluated in regards to the prevalence of N caninum in buffalo were similar overall in
both the districts; these included age-specific, season-specific, pregnancy-specific, parity-
specific, abortion-specific and dog contact-specific prevalence. The difference in sero-
prevalence was not significant amongst all the ages but was significant between the younger
" 3yrs.) and adult (> 3yrs.) age buffalo. The adult buffalo showed a higher prevalence of N
caninum antibodies compared with younger buffalo. Anyhow, the age group of buffalo >3-5
yrs. showed consistently the highest prevalence of N caninum antibodies overall and in both
the districts in the current study. The summer season was the one in which buffalo of the two
districts and overall showed the highest prevalence, followed by high prevalence in autumn; while
the lowest prevalence of N caninum antibodies was observed in buffalo sampled during the
winter. The prevalence in the higher parities buffalo was significantly higher than the lower parity
and pregnant heifers. The prevalence in pregnant dams was significantly higher than in non-
pregnant buffalo in the herds in different areas of the two districts.
Similarly, aborting buffalo in regular contact with dogs- at the dairy properties showed significantly
higher prevalence of N. caninum antibodies than non-aborting buffalo without the contact of dog.
The serological analysis-of dogs (using cELIS A) present at some dairy buffalo
'"
properties generally showed high prevalence of N. caninum; antibodies at the dairy properties
where the buffalo were in regular contact with dogs compared with farm premises and their
buffalo without any contact with dogs at the farm. This signifies the roleof the dogs in the
-
. transmission of N. caninum oocysts and infection to buffalo (intermediate host) as the isolates
of dog and bovine origin has been reported to be identical (Stenlund et al., 1997).
The analysis of milk samples from the dairy buffalo. also tested for serum antibodies
using iscom (immune stimulating complex) ELISA and showed a good level of agreement
(Kappa ratio=O.567) between the performance of two tests (iscom ELISA versus cELISA).
However, the cELIS A (VMRD, Pullman, W A) showed higher sero-positivity compared to
iscom ELISA (SV ANOV A, Uppsala, Sweden). Therefore, the use of either ELISA used on
milk for evaluating the prevalence of N. caninum antibodies in buffalo can give good results
. for lactating buffalo, but cELIS A appeared to have superior sensitivity in our study. The use
of iscom ELISA offers advantages regarding ease of sampling and repeated screening of
lactating herds but with little lower sensitivity than serum antibody cELISA.
The co-existence of N. caninum with Br. abortus, another important abortifacient
pathogen in buffalo, is quite significant as the probability of such infectious abortions is
increased in the susceptible herds resulting in more economic losses compared to those
caused by single pathogen. The co-existence of Br. abortus in N. caninum seropositive
buffalo in the current study was 13.2%, while the overall prevalence of Br. abortus antibodies
in buffalo of two districts was 12.2%. The prevalence trend of Bt: abortus was related to age,
~
though not exclusively; as prevalence continued to increase with age except in the age groups
of 6-7 yrs, and> 7 yrs. old buffalo. The higher prevalence in the adult age groups indicates
the association of Br. abortus with development of the reproductive system of the host
(buffalo). It also suggests the increase in the exposure of the buffalo to the pathogen with
increase.in age to some good extent. However, this prevalence was statistically not signific~
"0.
in all the age groups of buffalo. The prevalence of co-existence was highest (18.5%) in -,
buffalo >3-5 yrs. old followed by 18.2% in buffalo >7 yrs. age. Howe er, statistically, the
difference in the prevalence of co-existing antibodies against N caninum and Br. abortus in
buffalo was not significant.
Hematological analysis of the N caninum sere-positive and sero-negative dairy
buffalo for different haematological determinants, such as total leukocytic counts (TLC),
differential leukocytic counts (DLC), RBCs, haemoglobin, haematocrit, platelets and blood
plasma glucose level showed no difference in sero-positive and sero-negative two groups
particularly, regarding the effect of sero-positivity in buffalo. Albeit, some interactions such
as season x N caninum seropositivity showed significantly lower monocyte counts and high
blood glucose level in N caninum sere-positive buffalo compared with sero-negative buffalo.
Overall, in both groups no significant changes were observed in the seropositive buffalo
compare to sero-negative ones. Some interaction have independently affected certain
haematological parameters although, the animals were not seropositive. This suggests the
effect of some environmental factors and physiology states of the buffalo on its haematological
dynamics. These effects included the effect of lactation on the lymphocyte count in the lactating
and non-lactating buffalo, where lymphocyte counts were higher in non-lactating compared with
lactating buffalo most possibly due to the recruitment of lymphocytes in the udder for excretion in
milk. Similarly, blood haemoglobin was lower in the hot months and packed cell volume was
higher in the cooler months of the year in the buffalo.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1366,T] (1).
84.
Evaluation Of Empirical Therapy In Escherichia Coli Induced Acute And Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection
by Ijaz Alvi | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Dr. Aftab | Dr. Muhammad Ovais Omer.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: The acute and uncomplicated urinary tract infection is one of the common diseases of
human genitourinary tract, most com~only caused by E.coli, and study in patients
suffering from acute and uncomplicated urinary tract infection was conducted in one
hundred in tertiary care Mayo hospital Lahore. The urine samples from patients were
collected after the diagnosis and were analyzed for its causative/pathogenic organism.
Out of 100 urine samples the Escherichia coli was found as the most common cause of
uUTI (acute and uncomplicated urinary tract infection) (61 %),Jollowed by Pseudomonas
aeruginosa (15%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (11 %), Staphylococcus aureus (7%),Proteus
mirabilis (6%), The urinary tract infections were found most frequent in female (59.9%)
than male (40.1 %).
Only Escherichia coli isolated strains of bacteria were subjected to antibiogram against
nine commonly used antibiotics (Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Pipemedic acid,
,
Co-arnoxiclave, Co-trimoxazole, Amikacin, Ceftriaxone, Imipenurn, and Meropenum)
for evaluation of bacterial resistance and antibiotic sensitivity, the comparative analysis
showed that among the nine (09) antibiotics used the E. coli strains prevalent in Punjab
especially to the patients at Mayo hospital were maximally resistant to norfloxacin 63.93%
(flouroquinolone), followed by ciprofloxacin 57.37 %, Co-trimoxazole 40.98, Co-
amoxiclave 39.34 %, Pipemedic acid 36.06 %, Ceftriaxone 32.78 %, Amikacin 27.88 %,
meropenum 8.20 % and imipenum found only 4.92 % resistant to E. coli strains.
It was concluded that irnipenurn was found to be most sensitive with 86.88 % followed
by meropenum 77.05%, Amikacin 63.96 %, Ceftriaxone 57.38, co-amoxiclave 57.37 %,
co-trimoxazole 42.63 %, pipemedic acid 31.16 %, ciprofloxacin 24.59 % and norfloxacin
was found to be the least s e n si t i v e drug to E.coli prevalent in Punjab.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1397,T] (1).
85.
Pharmacokinetics Of Ketoprofen In Domestic Animals
by Zaka-ur-Rehman | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Prof. Dr. Makhdoom Abdul Jabbar.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1427,T] (1).
